[医学类试卷]2002年医学博士外语真题试卷及答案与解析.doc

1、2002 年医学博士外语真题试卷及答案与解析一、Section A（A）When they will make up again.（B） Why the woman doesn t want to talk to Lucy.（C） What happened to Lucy.（D）Why they were close friends in the past.（A）She shouldnt take it too seriously.（B） She should have regular massage.（C） She should exercise more and work less.（D

2、）She should exercise her neck and have physical treatment.（A）She convinced the man to take medicine as his major.（B） She asked the man to give a talk on medicine.（C） She persuaded the man not to take medicine as his major.（D）She gave a talk on medicine.（A）Go to see an ophthalmologist.（B） Go to see a

3、 pediatrician.（C） Go to see an intern.（D）Go to see a neurosurgeon.（A）She doesn t know Mary well.（B） Nancy is the best nurse.（C） Linda knows Mary.（D）Nancy is not as good as Linda.（A）$15.（B） $56.（C） 30（D）60（A）In a waiting room.（B） In a doctor s office.（C） In a ward.（D）In an elevator.（A）She is on the w

4、rong floor.（B） She does not know any nurse.（C） She cannot find the immunization area.（D）She received an immunization too late.（A）Three years ago.（B） This year.（C） Last year.（D）In December.（A）Its raining.（B） She doesnt like playing tennis.（C） She doesnt want to get sunburned.（D）It s not a holiday.（A）

5、To do whatever the committee asks him to do.（B） To make decisions in agreement with the committee.（C） To run the committee according to his own ideas.（D）To appoint the committee chairman himself.（A）She is absent-minded.（B） She is hostile.（C） She is aggressive.（D）She is controlling.（A）She doesn t enj

6、oy the film.（B） The film is hard to understand.（C） She saw the film from beginning to the end.（D）She saw only the lastpart of the film.（A）Courageous.（B） Lazy.（C） Curious.（D）Cowardly.（A）She s looking for her raincoat.（B） She s soaking her clothes.（C） She wants to close the window.（D）She got caught in

7、 the rain.二、Section B（A）The person loses all self-worth.（B） The person possesses no spirit.（C） The person cannot function as a part of a whole.（D）All of the above.（A）By working for an organization.（B） By wearing uniforms.（C） By being different.（D）By driving the same car.（A）To complain about communic

8、ation and restaurants.（B） To criticize government interference in people s lives.（C） To illustrate the impossibility of wearing uniforms.（D）To predict the future fashions.（A）Fashion industry.（B） The image of an organization.（C） Advertising industry.（D）Entertainment industry.（A）Individuality.（B） Whol

9、eness.（C） Qualification.（D）Uniformity.（A）In the main lab.（B） At a computer terminal.（C） In a small lab.（D）Before the bulletin board.（A）To discipline the students who have broken the rules.（B） To explain why there are not enough computers.（C） To warn the students about the problems with the lab.（D）To

10、 explain the rules of the lab to the students.（A）They are larger.（B） They do not have strict rules.（C） They give privileges to departmental majors.（D）They are easier to use.（A）No talking is allowed.（B） Identification cards must be displayed.（C） Food and drinks are not allowed.（D）Computer science maj

11、ors have priority.（A）The assistants must know their names.（B） They tell what their majors are.（C） Too many non-students use the lab.（D）The computers require them to operate.（A）Part of a medical textbook.（B） A medical journal.（C） Some microscope slides.（D）The speakers current research.（A）Reproducing

12、themselves.（B） Stretching and growing.（C） Attaching themselves to muscles.（D）Carrying messages.（A）Elongated and stringy.（B） Round and compact.（C） Flat and transparent.（D）Flexible and chainlike.（A）One.（B） Two.（C） Three.（D）Four.（A）Sensory nerve cells.（B） Motor nerve cells.（C） Connecting nerve cells.（D

13、）All of the above.三、Section A31 An enormous number of people in the world s poorest countries do not have clean water or adequate sanitation_.（A）capacities（B） facilities（C） authorities（D）warranties32 Family-planning clinics give out_ advice to people who have decided to limit the size of their famil

14、ies.（A）insensitive（B） interrogative（C） contraceptive（D）communicative33 Caffeine is the_drug that will just about get you out of the door on time to catch the bus.（A）miracle（B） myth（C） trick（D）legend34 Today investigators are still far from_a master map of the vasculature of the heart.（A）constituting

15、（B） decoding（C） drafting（D）encoding35 I have never seen a more caring, _group of people in my life.（A）emotional（B） impersonal（C） compulsory（D）compassionate36 By the time I reached my residency, I_treating the patient as a whole human being.（A）yearned for（B） broke into（C） pass for（D）made for37 We now

16、 obtain more than two-thirds of our protein from animal sources, while our grandparents _only one-half from animal sources.（A）originated（B） digested（C） deprived（D）derived38 Obesity carries an increased risk of_.（A）mortality（B） mobility（C） longevity（D）maternity39 The best exercise should require cont

17、inuous_, rather than frequent stops and starts.（A）compassion（B） acceleration（C） frustration（D）exertion40 Environmental officials insist that something be done to_acid rain.（A）curb（B） sue（C） detoxify（D）condemn四、Section B41 It would be wildly optimistic to believe that these advances offset such a lar

18、ge reduction in farmland.（A）take in（B） make up（C） cut down（D）bring about42 To begin with, it is impossible to come up with a satisfactory definition of what constitutes happy and unhappy marriage.（A）explain（B） oppose（C） represent（D）propose43 Politicians often use emotional rather than rational argum

19、ents to win the support for their actions and ideas.（A）applicable（B） favorable（C） sensitive（D）reasonable44 Tests are one way for a teacher to assess how much a student has learned.（A）observe（B） appraise（C） appreciate（D）induce45 Through live television, the world is now able to witness historical eve

20、nts as they happen.（A）reserve（B） confirm（C） perceive（D）transmit46 Most experts say that the new tax plan will have a negligible effect on the country s economic problems.（A）indefinite（B） indispensable（C） infinite（D）insignificant47 I dont know how you could have left out the most important fact of al

21、l.（A）omitted（B） fabricated（C） pinpointed（D）embraced48 Family and cultural beliefs and norms are important predictors of health-seeking behavior.（A）formulations（B） standards（C） principles（D）notions49 There must be a systematic approach to retrieving notes and analyzing them.（A）regaining（B） relieving（

22、C） reversing（D）rectifying50 To study the distribution of disease within an area, it is useful to plot the cases on a map.（A）mark（B） allocate（C） erase（D）pose五、Part Cloze50 You feel generally depressed and unable to concentrate. Your【C1】_of daily activity may change; you find yourself【C2】_and active i

23、n the middle of the night; you sleep late into the day, when most others are working. You stay in your room and have little contact with people【C3】_with those who speak your language. In your mind, you criticize the people around youthey are rude, loud, unfriendly, uninformed, concerned with insigni

24、ficant things,【C4】_stupid; you complain a-bout them to any friends you have. You become【C5 】_when you can t go into a restaurant and order the type of food you really like; you get angry when the TV news contains mostly U.S. news and very little about events that are important to you. You are consta

25、ntly making comparison between life here and the perfect life【C6】_home. Above all, you are homesick almost all the time.If you ever find yourself behaving in ways【C7】_these, you are probably suffering from culture shock. Culture shock is a psychological【C8】_that sometimes has physical effects. It af

26、fects people who have moved away from an environment where they know how to live【C9】_a new environment where much is unfamiliar to themthe food, the weather, the language, and especially the【C10】_rules for social behavior that few people are consciously aware of.51 【C1 】（A）way（B） pattern（C） method（D

27、）track52 【C2 】（A）sleepy（B） happy（C） awake（D）sad53 【C3 】（A）for（B） lest（C） besides（D）except54 【C4 】（A）even（B） merely（C） indeed（D）rather55 【C5 】（A）offended（B） uninterested（C） frustrated（D）isolated56 【C6 】（A）here（B） there（C） back（D）away57 【C7 】（A）the same as（B） different from（C） similar to（D）familiar wi

28、th58 【C8 】（A）situation（B） condition（C） reflection（D）position59 【C9 】（A）in（B） at（C） within（D）into60 【C10 】（A）unwritten（B） written（C） spoken（D）secrete六、Part Reading Comprehension60 Science is the 4-year pursuit of knowledge that every high school teenager must live through. I often ask myself, when wi

29、ll I ever need to use this stuff when I grow up? The answer is clearly, probably never. I doubt that I will ever need to know the chemical formula of dichromate, or how to correctly identify a combustion reaction.However, where would we be today, without science? Without the great minds of Einstein

30、and Newton, where would we be? How would I be able to write this essay on the computer, if there was no science? Would I be alive today? Would humankind survive through the year and still be around today? Or would dogs be the masters of humans? Would we still be the dominant species on the Earth?So

31、many questions arise because the human race depends on the advancement of science. We are dependent on Nabisco to make that cookie you love, 99. 99% fat free, that video game company to come out with the anniversary game cartridge you want to play so badly, and that car company to alter the headligh

32、ts of the car and call it the “new“ 98 car.Where would we be without science? We depend on our researchers to make new vaccines and our doctors to make us the way we want ourselves to be. We depend on them to make us “prettier,“ to perform triple bypasses, to make sure nothing goes wrong when they o

33、perate upon us. Doctors depend on science just as much as we depend on science. Lawyers are constantly depending on doctors not knowing their science so they can get rich quick. Just look how much our society depends on the advancement of science.Science, in a way, keeps our society from falling apa

34、rt. In our society, science is everywhere. Science takes part in our everyday life more than we think. We need scientific progress so that we can simply make it through a day. When most people think of science, they think of it as a laboratory, white coats, and mixing all different-colored chemicals

35、 until something blows up. But the fact is that science is a way of life and our future.61 The author s probable answer to the question where would we be today, without science is_.（A）it is hard to imagine（B） we would be nowhere to find（C） let s see what happens（D）not every question has an answer in

36、 the world62 From the cookie to the car, the author is trying to tell us that science_.（A）would be nowhere without humans（B） is picking up its developing pace（C） raises so many present problems（D）is shaping our world63 The author implies that science_.（A）is making doctors and lawyers the richest peo

37、ple in our society（B） does not involve every profession（C） needs us as much as we need it（D）is benefiting everyone64 The author seems to draw a conclusion that science_.（A）does rather than it is（B） is ubiquitous in our life（C） does not exist in a laboratory（D）is not appreciated in the public65 The a

38、uthor is most probably_.（A）a student（B） a sociologist（C） a professor of science（D）a free-lance writer of science65 Osteoporosis used to be called “the silent disease“ because its victims didn t know they had it until it was too late and they suffered a bone fracture. Today, doctors can identify oste

39、oporosis early. Improved understanding of the disease has also led to new treatments and strategies for preventing the disease altogether.For post-menopausal women, the most common medical response to osteoporosis is hormone replacement therapy. Boosting estrogen levels strengthens the entire skelet

40、on and reduces the risk of hip fracture. Unfortunately, it sometimes causes uterine bleeding and may increase the risk of breast cancer.To bypass such side effects, researchers have developed several alternative treatments. Synthetic estrogens called Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators(SERMs)emul

41、ate estrogen with slight modifications. Another drug, alendronate, reduces spine, hip and wrist fractures by 50 percent. Researchers have even developed a nasal spray called calcitonin. Each of these alternatives has trade-offs, however. Patients must talk with their doctors to decide which therapy

42、is best for them.The ideal way to address osteoporosis is by adopting a healthy lifestyle. And the best time to do this is in childhood, when most bone mass is accumulated. Because bodies continue building bone until about age thirty, some experts believe that women in their twenties can still incre

43、ase their bone strength by as much as 20 percent.Calcium, which is available in low-fat dairy foods and dark green vegetables, is essential for preventing osteoporosis. So is vitamin D, which aides calcium absorption. Vitamin D comes from sunlight, but dietary supplements may be helpful in northern

44、climates and among those who don t get outside. The final component is regular moderate exercise because bone responds to the needs that the body puts on it. These are the simple steps that can help make “the silent disease“ truly silent.66 Hormone replacement therapy for osteoporosis_.（A）used to be

45、 effective in post-menopausal women（B） is most frequently prescribed by doctors（C） works perfectly on post-menopausal women（D）is most likely to be avoided for its side effects67 The best treatment for osteoporosis, according to the passage, _.（A）is Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators（B） is chosen

46、 by the patient（C） possesses no side effects（D）is of individuality68 To prevent osteoporosis, a healthy lifestyle should be adopted_.（A）as early as in childhood（B） when one is in his twenties（C） after bone mass accumulation stops（D）as soon as osteoporosis is diagnosed69 By making “the silent disease

47、“ truly silent, the author means that the actions suggested_.（A）can be the best therapy for osteoporosis（B） can help eradicate osteoporosis（C） can help prevent osteoporosis（D）all of the above70 The author of this passage focuses on the_of osteoporosis.（A）alternative treatment（B） early diagnosis（C） t

48、reatment and prevention（D）resulting damages70 If you are caught in a downpour, it is better to run for shelter than walk, researchers in the US advise. This may sound obvious, but an earlier study in Britain suggested that you would get just as wet running as walking.In 1995, Stephen Belcher of the

49、University of Reading and his students calculated how much water falls on top of your head and how much you sweep up on your front as you move forward. Obviously, you would get wettest standing still, and less wet the faster you moved. But the Reading team found that the benefits of running faster than about 3 metres per secondwhich they described as a walking pacewere tiny.Thomas Peterson and Trevor Wallis, met