[医学类试卷]2014年医学博士外语真题试卷及答案与解析.doc

1、2014 年医学博士外语真题试卷及答案与解析一、Section A（A）About 12 pints.（B） About 3 pints.（C） About 4 pints.（D）About 7 pints. （A）Take a holiday from work.（B） Worry less about work.（C） Take some sleeping pills.（D）Work harder to forget all her troubles. （A）He has no complaints about the doctor.（B） He wont complain anythin

2、g.（C） He is in good condition.（D）He couldnt be worse. （A）She is kidding.（B） She will get a raise.（C） The man will get a raise.（D）The man will get a promotion. （A）Her daughter likes ball games.（B） Her daughter is an exciting child.（C） She and her daughter are good friends.（D）She and her daughter dont

3、 always understand each other. （A）She hurt her uncle.（B） She hurt her ankle.（C） She has a swollen toe.（D）She needs a minor surgery. （A）John likes gambling.（B） John is very fond of his new boss.（C） John has ups and downs in the new company.（D）John has a promising future in the new company. （A）She wil

4、l get some advice from the front desk.（B） She will undergo some lab tests.（C） She will arrange an appointment.（D）She will get the test results. （A）Shes an odd character.（B） She is very picky.（C） She is easy-going.（D）She likes fashions. （A）At a street corner.（B） In a local shop.（C） In a ward.（D）In a

5、clinic. （A）Seafood.（B） Dairy products.（C） Vegetables and fruits.（D）Heavy food. （A）He is having a good time.（B） He very much likes his old bicycle.（C） He will buy a new bicycle right away.（D）He would rather buy a new bicycle later. （A）It is only a cough.（B） Its a minor illness.（C） It started two week

6、s ago.（D）Its extremely serious. （A）The woman is too optimistic about the stock market.（B） The woman will even lose more money at the stock market.（C） The stock market bubble will continue to grow.（D）The stock market bubble will soon meet its demise. （A）The small pills should be taken once a day befo

7、re sleep.（B） The yellow pills should be taken once a day before supper.（C） The white pills should be taken once a day before breakfast.（D）The large round pill should be taken three times a day after meals. 二、Section B（A）Because he had difficulty swallowing it.（B） Because it was upsetting his stomach

8、.（C） Because he was allergic to it.（D）Because it was too expensive. （A）He cant play soccer any more.（B） He has a serious foot problem.（C） He needs an operation.（D）He has cancer. （A）A blood transfusion.（B） An allergy test.（C） A urine test.（D）A biopsy. （A）To see if he has cancer.（B） To see if he has d

9、epression.（C） To see if he requires surgery.（D）To see if he has a food allergy problem. （A）Relieved.（B） Anxious.（C） Angry.（D）Depressed. （A）The cause of COPD.（B） Harmful effects of smoking.（C） Men more susceptible to harmful effects of smoking.（D）Women more susceptible to harmful effects of smoking.

10、（A）954.（B） 955.（C） 1909.（D）1955（A）On May 18 in San Diego.（B） On May 25 in San Diego.（C） On May 18 in San Francisco.（D）On May 25 in San Francisco. （A）When smoking exposure is high.（B） When smoking exposure is low.（C） When the subjects received medication.（D）When the tobacco stopped smoking. （A）Hormon

11、e differences in men and women.（B） Genetic differences between men and women.（C） Womens active metabolic rate.（D）Womens smaller airways. （A）About 90, 000.（B） About 100, 000.（C） Several hundred.（D）About 5, 000. （A）Warning from Goddes Flight Centre.（B） Warning from Health Ministry.（C） Experience gaine

12、d from the 1997 outbreak.（D）Proper and prompt aid from NASA.（A）Distributing mosquito nets.（B） Persuading people not to slaughter animals.（C） Urging people not to eat animals.（D）Dispatching doctors to the epidemic-stricken areas. （A）The higher surface temperatures in the equatorial part of India.（B）

13、The short-lived mosquitoes that were the hosts of the viruses.（C） The warm and dry weather in the Horn of Africa.（D）The heavy but intermittent rains. （A）Warning from NASA.（B） How to treat Rift Valley Fever.（C） The disastrous effects of Rift Valley Fever.（D）Satellites and global healthremote diagnosi

14、s. 三、Section A31 A good nights sleep is believed to help slow the stomachs emptying, produce a smoother, less abrupt absorption of sugar, and will better_brain metabolism.（A）regulate（B） activate（C） retain（D）consolidate32 The explosion and the oil spill below the surface of the Gulf of Mexico left my

15、 mind in such a_ that I couldnt get to sleep.（A）catastrophe（B） boycott（C） turmoil（D）mentality33 Coronary heart attacks occur more commonly in those with high blood pressure, in the obese, in the cigarette smokers, and in those_to prolonged emotional and mental strain.（A）sympathetic（B） ascribed（C） pr

16、eferable（D）subjected34 Most colds are acquired by children in school and then_to adults.（A）conveyed（B） transmitted（C） attributed（D）relayed35 Several of the most populous nations in the world_at the lower end of the table of real GDP per capita last year.（A）fluctuated（B） languished（C） retarded（D）vibr

17、ated36 Presently this kind of antidepressant is still in clinical_, even though the concept has been around since 1900s.（A）trials（B） applications（C） implications（D）endeavors37 Studies reveal that exposure to low-level radiation for a long time may weaken the immune system, _aging, and cause cancer.（

18、A）halt（B） postpone（C） retard（D）accelerate38 The mayor candidates personality traits, being modest and generous, _people in his favor before the election.（A）predisposed（B） presumed（C） presided（D）pressured39 With its graceful movements and salubrious effects on health, Tai Chi has a strong_to a vast m

19、ultitude of people.（A）flavor（B） thrill（C） appeal（D）implication40 If you are catching a train, it is always_better to be early even a fraction of a minute than too late.（A）far more（B） even more（C） enough more（D）more far四、Section B41 All Nobel Prize winners success is a process of long-term accumulati

20、on, in which lasting efforts are indispensable.（A）irresistible（B） cherished（C） inseparable（D）requisite42 The Queens presence imparted an air of elegance to the drinks reception at Buckingham Palace to London.（A）bestowed（B） exhibited（C） imposed（D）emitted43 Physicians are clear that thyroid dysfunctio

21、n is manifest in growing children in the form of mental and physical retardation.（A）intensified（B） apparent（C） representative（D）insidious44 The mechanism that the eye can accommodate itself to different distances has been applied to automatic camera, which marks a revolutionary technique advance.（A）

22、yield（B） amplify（C） adapt（D）cast45 Differences among believers are common; however, it was the pressure of religious persecution that exacerbated their conflicts and created the split of the union.（A）eradicated（B） deteriorated（C） vanquished（D）averted46 When Picasso was particularly poor, he might ha

23、ve tried to obliterated the original composition by painting over it on canvases.（A）duplicated（B） eliminate（C） substitute（D）compile47 For the sake of animal protection, environmentalists deplored the construction program of a nuclear power station.（A）disapproved（B） despised（C） demolished（D）decompose

24、d48 Political figures in particular are held to very strict standards of moral fidelity.（A）loyalty（B） morality（C） quality（D）stability49 The patient complained that his doctor had been negligent in not giving him a full examination.（A）fury（B） ardent（C） careless（D）brutal50 She has been handling all th

25、e complaints without wrath for a whole morning.（A）fury（B） chaos（C） despair（D）agony 五、Part Cloze50 For years, scientists have been warning us that the radiation from mobile phones is detrimental to our health, without actually having any evidence to back these【C1 】_up. However research now suggests t

26、hat mobile phone radiation has at least one positive side effect it can help prevent Alzheimers,【C2】_in the mice that acted as test subjects. Its been suspected, though never proven, that heavy use of mobile phone is bad for your health. Its thought that walking around with a cellphone permanently a

27、ttached to the side of your head is almost sure to be【C3】_your brain. And that may well be true, but Id rather wait until its proven before giving up that part of my daily life. But what has now been proven, in a very perfunctory manner, is that mobile phone radiation can have an effect on your brai

28、n. 【C4】_in this case it was a positive rather than negative effect. According to BBC News, the Florida Alzheimer Disease Research Center conducted a study on 96 mice to see if the radiation given off by mobile phone could affect the onset of Alzheimers. Some of the mice were “genetically altered to

29、develop beta-amyloid plagues in their brains“【C5 】 _they aged. These are a marker of Alzheimers. All 96 mice were then “exposed to the lector-magnetic【C6】_generated by a standard phone for two one-hour periods each day for seven to nine months. “The lucky things. 【C7 】_, the experiment showed that t

30、he mice altered to be predisposed to dementia were protected from the disease if exposed before the onset of the illness. Their cognitive abilities were so unimpaired as to be virtually【C8】_to the mice not genetically altered in any way. Unfortunately, although the results are positive, the scientis

31、ts dont actually know why exposed to mobile phone radiation has this effect. But its hoped that further study and testing could result in a non-invasive【C9】_for preventing and treating Alzheimers disease. Autopsies carried out on the mice also concluded no ill-effects of their exposure to the radiat

32、ion. However the fact that the radiation prevented Alzheimers means mobile phones【C10】_our brains and bodies in ways is not yet explored. And its sure there are negatives as well as this one positive. 51 【C1 】（A）devices（B） risks（C） phenomena（D）claims52 【C2 】（A）at least（B） at most（C） as if（D）as well5

33、3 【C3 】（A）blocking（B） cooking（C） exhausting（D）cooling54 【C4 】（A）Except（B） Even（C） Despite（D）Besides55 【C5 】（A）until（B） when（C） as（D）unless56 【C6 】（A）range（B） continue（C） spectrum（D）field57 【C7 】（A）Reasonably（B） Consequently（C） Amazingly（D）Undoubtedly58 【C8 】（A）identical（B） beneficial（C） preferable（D

34、）susceptible59 【C9 】（A）effort（B） method（C） hunt（D）account60 【C10 】（A）do affect（B） did affect（C） is affecting（D）could have affected六、Part Reading Comprehension60 I have just returned from Mexico, where I visited a factory making medical masks. Faced with fierce competition, the owner has cut his cost

35、s by outsourcing some of his production. Scores of people work for him in their homes, threading elastic into masks by hand. They are paid below the minimum wage, with no job security and no healthcare provision. Users of medical masks and other laboratory gear probably give little thought to where

36、their equipment comes from. That needs to change. A significant proportion of these products are made in the developing world by low-paid people with inadequate labor rights. This leads to human misery on a tremendous scale. Take lab coats. Many are made in India, where most cotton farmers are paid

37、an unfair price for their crops and factory employees work illegal hours for poor pay. One-fifth of the worlds surgical instruments are made in northern Pakistan. When I visited a couple of a years ago I found most worker toiling 12 hours a day, seven days a week, for less than a dollar a day, expos

38、ed to noise, metal dust and toxic chemicals. Thousands of children, some as young as 7, work in the industry. To win international contracts, factory owners must offer rock-bottom prices, and consequently drive down wages and labor conditions as far as they can. We laboratory scientists in the devel

39、oped world may unwittingly be encouraging this: we ask how much our equipment will cost, but which of us asks who made it and how much they were paid?This is no small matter. Science is supposed to benefit humanity, but because of the conditions under which their tools are made, many scientists may

40、actually be causing harm. What can be done? A knee-jerk boycott of unethical goods is not the answer; it would just make things worse for workers in those manufacturing zones. What we need is to start asking suppliers to be transparent about where and how their products are manufactured and urge the

41、m to improve their manufacturing practices. It can be done. Many universities are committed to fair trade in the form of ethically sourced tea, coffee or bananas. That model should be extended to laboratory goods. There are signs that things are moving. Over the past few years I have worked with hea

42、lth services in the IK and in Sweden. Both have recently instituted ethical procurement practices. If science is truly going to help humanity, it needs to follow suit.61 From the medical masks to the lab coats, the author is trying to tell us_.（A）the practice of occupational protection in the develo

43、ping world（B） the developing countries plagued by poverty and disease（C） the cheapest labor in the developing countries（D）me human misery behind them62 The concerning phenomenon the author had observed, according to the passage_.（A）is nothing but the repetition of the miserable history（B） could have

44、 been even exaggerated（C） is unfamiliar to the wealthy west（D）is prevailing across the world63 The author argues that when researchers in the wealthy west buy tools, they should_.（A）have the same concern with the developing countries（B） be blind to their sources for the sake of humanity（C） pursue go

45、od bargains in the international market（D）spare a thought for how they were made64 A proper course of action suggested by the author is_.（A）to refuse to import the unethical goods from the developing world（B） to ask scientists to tell the truth as the prime value of their work（C） to urge the manufac

46、turers to address the immoral issues（D）to improve the transparency of international contracts65 By saying at the end of the passage that if science is truly going to help humanity, it needs to follow suit, the author means that_.（A）the scientific community should stand up for all humanity（B） the pri

47、me value of scientists work is to tell the truth（C） laboratory goods also need to be ethically sourced（D）because of science, there is hope for humanity65 A little information is a dangerous thing. A lot of information, if its inaccurate or confusing even more so. This is a problem for anyone trying

48、to spend or invest in an environmentally sustainable way. Investors are barraged with indexes purporting to describe companies eco-credentials, some of dubious quality Green labels on consumer products are ubiquitous, but their claims are hard to verify. The confusion is evident from the New Scienti

49、sts analysis of whether public perception of companies green credentials reflect reality. It shows that many companies considered “green“ have done little to earn that reputation, while others do not get sufficient credit for their efforts to reduce their environmental impact. Obtaining better information is crucial, because decisions by consumers and big investors will help propel us towards a green economy. At present, it is too