[医学类试卷]医学博士外语模拟试卷47及答案与解析.doc

1、医学博士外语模拟试卷 47 及答案与解析Section A（A）Cancers have a high mortality.（B） Skin cancer will not lead to death.（C） Lung cancer has higher mortality.（D）Cancers cannot be curable. （A）In a doctors office.（B） In an operating room.（C） In a professors office.（D）In a gymnasium. （A）She needs to improve her study skil

2、ls.（B） Shell feel better if she get some rest.（C） She should make a doctors appointment.（D）Her medication isnt working well. （A）People enjoy shopping in the drug store.（B） People spend little time in the drug store.（C） People who spent shorter time in the store are more likely to buy something there

3、.（D）People spend too much time reading articles about quick cures sold there. （A）Use cream on her rash.（B） See if her rash improves in a few days.（C） Check out a medical book from the library.（D）See a doctor about her rash. （A）He would scratch the paint off its surface.（B） He would tear it down firs

4、t.（C） He would make some repairs.（D）He would rebuild it by himself. （A）She hurt her foot.（B） Her health problem has come back again.（C） Shes feeling better now.（D）She needs an operation soon. （A）More doctors should be doing research.（B） He is studying to be a doctor.（C） An important new medical trea

5、tment may be available soon.（D）He has already tried the new medicine. （A）Go to bed earlier.（B） Go to the gym less often.（C） Go to the gym later in the day.（D）Go to the gym with a friend. （A）Her hometown doctor works at the student health center.（B） She cannot help the man choose a doctor.（C） She did

6、nt know she needed a physical exam to play basketball.（D）The man should visit a doctor in his hometown. （A）He felt better an hour ago.（B） His headache should be gone in an hour.（C） He forgot to take the medicine for his headache.（D）His head still hurts. （A）Short of breath.（B） Dizzy.（C） Knocking into

7、 the fridge.（D）Feeling sick. （A）It is as good as always.（B） It is good enough for something new.（C） It is good, but not as good as before.（D）It is better than usual. （A）Mental stress.（B） Sleep too little.（C） Washing hair too often.（D）Washing hair once a week. （A）He doesnt like wearing one.（B） He doe

8、snt feel professional wearing one.（C） He doesnt wear one in his department.（D）He doesnt want to pay for one. Section B（A）Because he had felt severe pain on both sides of the abdomen.（B） Because he could not stand the intolerable pain in the back.（C） Because he had brought up what he had.（D）Because h

9、e has got diarrhea. （A）His time was fully occupied.（B） He had some urgent cases to deal with.（C） His boss asked him to do extra work.（D）Two tablets of analgesics killed his pain. （A）First in the right abdomen and then it went to the lower abdomen.（B） First in the lower abdomen and then it shifted to

10、 the right lower abdomen.（C） First in the left abdomen and then it shifted to the right lower abdomen.（D）First in the upper abdomen and then it shifted to the right lower abdomen. （A）He has got acute appendicitis.（B） He has got acute diarrhea.（C） He has a duodenal ulcer.（D）He has got an acute gastri

11、c ulcer. （A）He will go through the formalities of admittance to hospital.（B） He will go to the operating room.（C） He will go to the outpatient department.（D）He will go to the inpatient department. （A）Every child in hospital receives some teaching.（B） Not enough is known about hospital teaching.（C） H

12、ospital teaching is of poor quality.（D）The special childrens hospitals are worst off. （A）Hospital teaching across the country is similar.（B） Each hospital has at least one part-time teacher.（C） All hospitals surveyed offer education to children.（D）Only one-fourth of the hospital has full-time teache

13、rs. （A）Hospital teachers.（B） Schoolmates.（C） Parents.（D）School teachers. （A）The author is unfavorable towards children receiving education in hospitals.（B） The author is in favor of the present state of teaching in hospitals.（C） The author is unsatisfied with the present state of hospital teaching.（

14、D）The author is satisfied with the results of the latest survey. （A）Doctors and nurses.（B） Finding a hospital teacher.（C） The school teacher.（D）New medical instruments. （A）Some iced coffees have as many calories as a hot dinner.（B） Iced coffees sold by some popular chains are contaminated.（C） Drinki

15、ng coffee after a meal is more likely to cause obesity.（D）Some brand-name coffees contain harmful substances. （A）Have some fresh fruit.（B） Exercise at the gym.（C） Take a hot shower.（D）Eat a hot dinner. （A）800.（B） 1, 200.（C） 1, 600.（D）1, 800. （A）They could enjoy a happier family life.（B） They could g

16、reatly improve their work efficiency.（C） Many cancer cases could be prevented.（D）Many embarrassing situations could be avoided. （A）Taking more calories.（B） Losing too much weight.（C） Developing various diseases.（D）Increasing the chances of wasting. Section A31 The fire must have_after the staff had

17、gone home.（A）broken down（B） broken up（C） broken out（D）broken off32 When a psychologist does a general experiment about the human mind, he selects people_and ask them questions.（A）at length（B） at random（C） in essence（D）in bulk33 My brothers plans are very_; he wants to master English, French and Span

18、ish before he is sixteen.（A）abundant（B） ambitious（C） arbitrary（D）aggressive34 She thought it was_not to know some of the basic facts of her country.（A）shameful（B） ashamed（C） ashame（D）ashameful35 Ted agreed to_the strike if the company would satisfy the demand of the workers.（A）call out（B） call to（C）

19、 call off（D）call on36 At the party we found the shy girl_her mother all the time.（A）centering on（B） adhering to（C） coinciding with（D）clinging to37 The relationship between employers and employees has been studied_.（A）originally（B） extremely（C） violently（D）intensively38 Niagara Falls is a great touri

20、st_, drawing millions of visitors every year.（A）attention（B） attraction（C） appointment（D）arrangement39 Reading_the mind only with materials of knowledge; it is thinking that makes what we read ours.（A）rectifies（B） prolongs（C） minimizes（D）furnishes40 The local government gave the first_to education a

21、fter the war.（A）projection（B） protection（C） profession（D）prioritySection B41 Lets meet halfway and each pay half the damage.（A）meet on the road（B） quarrel（C） go Dutch（D）compromise42 The leopard is stronger than any other of the great predators.（A）animals that live on land（B） animals that eat other a

22、nimals（C） animals that eat grass（D）wild animals43 The hunters use wooden ducks as decoys to attract the flock.（A）toys（B） lures（C） targets（D）inducements44 Diligent police work should help clear crime.（A）erect（B） establish（C） remove（D）eradicate45 Her generosity is one of her most pleasing traits.（A）me

23、rits（B） shortcomings（C） characteristics（D）measures46 Many of these writers used to study in writing clinics.（A）hospitals（B） circles（C） workshops（D）firms47 My brain may be old, but it is not addled.（A）confused（B） rotten（C） stupid（D）disorder48 I try to be broadminded but do feel antipathy toward peopl

24、e who are dirty and untidy.（A）sympathy（B） dislike（C） antiquity（D）regard49 It was his firm conviction that every effort should be made to preserve world peace.（A）doubt（B） belief（C） persuasion（D）enthusiasm50 The boy showed cleverness in making toys out of scraps of discarded wood.（A）ingenuity（B） gener

25、osity（C） frankness（D）skillfulness 一、Part Cloze50 There are only three available strategies for controlling cancer: prevention, screening and treatment. Lung cancer causes more deaths than any other types of cancer. A major cause of the disease is not【C1】_known; there is no good evidence that screeni

26、ng is much help; and treatment fails in about 90 percent of all cases. At present, therefore, the main strategy must be【C2】_. This may not always be true, of course, as for some other types of cancer, researches over the past few decades have produced (or suggested) some importance in prevention, sc

27、reening or treatment. 【C3 】_, however, we consider not what researchers may one day offer but what todays knowledge could already deliver that is not being delivered, then the most practical and cost-efficient opportunities for avoiding premature death from cancer, especially lung cancer, probably i

28、nvolve neither screening nor improved【C4】_, but prevention. This conclusion does not depend on the unrealistic assumption that we can eliminate tobacco. It merely assumes that we can reduce cigarette sales appreciably by raising prices or by【 C5】_on the type of education that already appears to have

29、 a positive effect on cigarette assumption by white-collar workers and that we can substantially reduce the amount of tar【C6 】_per cigarette. The practicability of preventing cancer by such measures applies not only in those countries, such as, the United States of America, because cigarette smoking

30、 has been common for decades, 25 to 30 percent of all cancer deaths now involves lung cancer, but also in those where it has become【C7】_only recently. In China, lung cancer as yet accounts for only 5 to 10 percent of all cancer deaths. This is because it may take as much as half a century for the ri

31、se in smoking to increase in the incidence to lung cancer. Countries where cigarette smoking is only now becoming widespread can expect enormous increase in lung cancer during the 1990s or early in the next century, 【C8】_prompt effective action is taken against the habitindeed, such increase is alre

32、ady plainly evident in parts of the world. There are reasons why the preventions of lung cancer is of such overwhelming importance. First, the disease is extremely common, causing more deaths than any other types of cancer now【C9】_: secondly, it is generally incurable; thirdly, effective, practicabl

33、e measures to reduce its incidence are already reliably known; and finally, reducing tobacco consumption will also have a substantial【C10】_on many other diseases.51 【C1 】（A）hardly（B） never（C） less（D）reliably52 【C2 】（A）treatment（B） cure（C） prevention（D）diagnosis53 【C3 】（A）Although（B） If（C） Since（D）Un

34、less54 【C4 】（A）health（B） control（C） environment（D）treatment55 【C5 】（A）dealing（B） expending（C） hardening（D）inspecting56 【C6 】（A）contained（B） delivering（C） adopted（D）regulated57 【C7 】（A）sensitive（B） tight（C） widespread（D）rough58 【C8 】（A）if（B） unless（C） provided（D）while59 【C9 】（A）has（B） emerges（C） caus

35、es（D）does60 【C10 】（A）trouble（B） margins（C） impact（D）threat二、Part Reading Comprehension60 Among all the malignancies, lung cancer is the biggest killer; more than 100, 000 Americans die of the disease. Giving up smoking is one of obvious ways to reduce the risk, but another answer may lie in the kitc

36、hen. According to a new report, even heavy smokers may be protected from developing lung cancer by eating a daily portion of carrots, spinach or any other vegetable or fruit containing a form of vitamin A called carotene. The finding, published in THE LANCET, is part of a long-range investigation of

37、 diet and disease. Since 1957, some American researchers have monitored the dietary habits and medical histories of 2, 000 middle-aged men employed by the Western Electric Co. in Chicago. Led by Dr. Richard Shekelle of St. Lukes Medical Center, the researchers recently began to sort out the links be

38、tween the subjects dietary patterns and cancer. Other studies of animals and humans have suggested that vitamin A offer some protection against lung cancer. The correlation seemed logical, explains Shekelle, since vitamin A is essential for the growth of the epithelial tissue that lines the airways

39、of the lungs. Vegetables: But the earlier research did not distinguish between the two different forms of the vitamin. “Preformed“ vitamin A, known as retinols found mainly in liver and dairy products like milk, cheese, butter and eggs. But vitamin A is also made in the body from carotene, which is

40、abundant in a variety of vegetables and fruits, including carrots, spinach, squash, tomatoes, sweet potatoes and apples. In the study, Shekelle and his colleagues found little correlation between the incidence of lung cancer and the consumption of foods containing preformed vitamin A. But when they

41、examined the data on carotene intake, they discovered a significant relationship. Among the 488 men who had the lowest level of carotene consumption, there were 14 cases of lung cancer; in a group of the same size that ate the most carotene, only two cases developed. The apparent protective effect o

42、f carotene held up even for long-time smokersbut to a lesser degree. Further studies will be necessary before the link between lung cancer and carotene can be firmly established. In the meantime, researchers warn against taking large numbers of vitamin A pills, because the tablets contain a form of

43、the chemical that can be extremely toxic in high doses. Instead, they advise a well-balanced diet that includes goods rich in carotene. For a smoker, a half-cup of carrots every day might possibly make the difference between life and death.61 The word “malignancy“ (Line 1, Para. 1) most probably ref

44、ers to_.（A）cancer（B） sickness（C） vitamins（D）disease62 Preformed vitamin A is NOT found in_.（A）milk（B） eggs（C） apples（D）cheese63 Carotene is present in all of the following EXCEPT_.（A）tomatoes（B） carrots（C） squash（D）butter64 Among the groups studied, who had the most cases of lung cancer?（A）Those wit

45、h the lowest level of carotene intake.（B） Those with the highest level of carotene intake.（C） Those who ate only foods containing carotene.（D）Those with the lowest intake of carrots. 65 What is needed to establish firmly the link between carotene and lung cancer?（A）Further study.（B） More money.（C） M

46、ore cases of lung cancer.（D）More people willing to eat carrots. 65 Technically, any substance other than food that alters our bodily or mental functioning is a drug. Many people mistakenly believe the term drug refers only to some sort of medicine or an illegal chemical taken by drug addicts. They d

47、ont realize that familiar substances such as alcohol and tobacco are also drugs. This is why the more neutral term substance is now used by many physicians and psychologists. The phrase substance abuse is often used instead of drug abuse to make clear that substances such as alcohol and tobacco can

48、be just as harmfully misused as heroin and cocaine. We live in a society in which the medicinal and social use of substances (drugs) is pervasive: an aspirin to quiet a headache, some wine to be sociable, coffee to get going in the morning, a cigarette for the nerves. When do these socially acceptab

49、le and apparently constructive uses of a substance become misuses? First of all, most substances taken in excess will produce negative effects such as poisoning or intense perceptual distortions. Repeated use of a substance can also lead to physical addiction or substance dependence. Dependence is marked first by an increased tolerance, with more and more of the substance required to produce the desired effect, and then by the appearance of unpleasant wi