1、全国自考(英语国家概况)模拟试卷 6 及答案与解析一、单项选择题1 At present, there are_ member countries within the Commonwealth(1991). ( )(A)50(B) 45(C) 55(D)402 The Anglo-Saxons brought religion to Britain. ( )(A)Druidism(B) Roman Catholic(C) Teutonic(D)Christian3 William, Duke of Normandy, fought King Harold of England at the
2、Battle of Hastings in_. ( )(A)1086(B) 1066(C) 1035(D)13814 Which of the following is not true about “Domesday Book“? ( )(A)It was compiled to discover how much to be called upon to pay by taxes.(B) It was so called because it seemed to the English like the Book of Doom used on Judgment Day.(C) It wa
3、s completed as the result of a general survey of England.(D)It is kept in the public library in London.5 According to Magna Carta no tax should be made without the approval of_. ( )(A)the witan(B) the King(C) the Grand Council(D)the Commons6 The Hundred Years War between England and France was cause
4、d by ( )(A)racial struggles(B) territorial and economic disputes(C) colonial expansions(D)struggle for new territories7 The War of Roses that took place from 1455 to 1485 was fought between_. ( )(A)Britain and France(B) the Parliament and the Crown(C) the working people and the aristocrats(D)two bra
5、nches of the Plantagenet family8 The religious reform in England in the 16th century was to and to make_Church of England. ( )(A)cut connections with the Pope,an independent(B) establish connections with the Pope,a Catholic(C) establish new relations with the Pope, a Royal(D)alter theology in every
6、way, revolutionary9 Three of the following were characteristics of the Elizabeth age. Which of the four is the exception? ( )(A)Queen Elizabeth advocated the Divine Right and quarreled with parliament.(B) Protestantism gradually became the dominant faith.(C) This was the age of literature which Shak
7、espeare lived and when English literature blossomed.(D)This was the beginning of trade and colonization.10 The First Civil War in England began in_ and ended in ( )(A)1640, 1642(B) 1620, 1640(C) 1607, 1620(D)1642, 164611 In Britain the Nonconformists were originally called the_. ( )(A)Puritans(B) Le
8、velers(C) Catholics(D)Cavaliers12 In Britain, the Tories were the forerunners of_, which still bears the nickname today. ( )(A)the Labor Party(B) the Conservative Party(C) the Liberal Party(D)the Social Democratic Party13 After_between Britain and France, Canada was ceded to Britain by the 1763 Trea
9、ty of Paris. ( )(A)the Six Years War(B) the Quebec War(C) the Canadian War(D)the Seven Years War14 The Reform Act of 1832 was also called_which abolished “rotten boroughs“. ( )(A)the Election Act of 1832(B) the Greater Charter of 1832(C) the petition of Right(D)the Anti-Corruption Act15 The first wo
10、man prime minister in Britain was_ who came to power in_. ( )(A)Margaret Thatcher, 1979(B) Elizabeth I, 1979(C) Edward Heath, 1973(D)Harold Macmillan, 195016 Which of the following is not one of the members of the Lords Temporal? ( )(A)All hereditary peers and peeresses of England, Scotland, Great B
11、ritain and the United Kingdom (but not peers of Ireland).(B) Life peers created to assist the House in its judicial duties.(C) Senior bishops of the Church of England.(D)All other life peers.17 Which of the following is not involved in the British judicial responsibilities? ( )(A)Attorney General.(B
12、) Ministry of Justice.(C) The Lord Chancellor.(D)The Home Secretary.18 Police forces are allowed to join some organizations except_.(A)a club(B) a trade union(C) a political(D)the army19 Which statement about the religion in Britain is true? ( )(A)Every person in Britain may change his religion,but
13、with difficulty.(B) Every person may not manifest his faith in teaching, worship and observance.(C) Every person has the right to religious freedom without interference from the community or the State.(D)Churches and religious societies of any kind cannot own property and propagate their beliefs in
14、speeches and writing.20 Which statement about the British universities is not true? ( )(A)They enjoy academic freedom.(B) They cannot appoint their own staff.(C) They are governed by royal charters.(D)They provide their own courses and award their own degrees.21 Which of the following is not quality
15、 newspaper in Britain? ( )(A)Financial Times.(B) The Sun.(C) The Guardian.(D)The Times.22 The home of golf is where the game has been played since the_century. ( )(A)Scotland, 17th(B) England, 17th(C) England, 18th(D)Scotland, 18th23 _ remain the most significant feature of Irish landscape. ( )(A)La
16、kes(B) Low ridges(C) Cliffs(D)Bogs24 Which of the following statements about Irelands history is true? ( )(A)Ireland was invaded only by Celtic tribes.(B) The arrival of St. Patrick in AD 432 was perhaps the most important event in Irish history.(C) At the early of the 8th century the Viking invasio
17、ns began.(D)In 1170, the Anglo-Saxons invaded Ireland and from then on, the conflict between the English and the Irish went on for almost 600 years.25 Ireland declared itself a republic in . ( )(A)1921(B) 1945(C) 1917(D)194926 Christopher Columbus was navigator who was supported by the _. ( )(A)a Sp
18、anish, Spanish queen(B) an Italian, Spanish queen(C) an English, English queen(D)a Portuguese, Portuguese king27 The Constitution was first ratified by_in December 178( )(A)Massachusetts(B) New York(C) Georgia(D)Delaware28 In the early 1850s, with the westward movement, the slavery issue became a se
19、rious political issue endangering the unity of the country because_. ( )(A)whether the future states formed as a result of the westward movement should be free or slave world affect the balance of power in the Senate(B) the south insisted that slavery should be allowed to spread into all new territo
20、ries(C) the north refused to let slavery spread into new territories(D)the north wanted to put an end to slavery29 With the development of industry and extension of railroad network in the early 20th century in the USA, there appeared_. ( )(A)a rapid growth of cities(B) an influx of foreign goods(C)
21、 an increase of urban ghettos(D)a great increase in the number of farms30 Which of the following does not account for President Theodore Roosevelts contributions? ( )(A)The initiation of large-scale irrigation projects.(B) The implementation of the Sherman Anti-trust Act.(C) The adoption of the Hepb
22、urn Act of 1906.(D)The passage of the Federal Reserve Act.31 _was the beginning of a long economic depression in the U. S. ( )(A)The bankruptcy of banks(B) Serious unemployment(C) The stock market crash(D)Farm foreclosures32 Which of the following that are concerned with Pres ident Franklin D.Roosev
23、elt is not true? ( )(A)the New Deal.(B) the Teheran Conference.(C) the Yalta Conference.(D)the Potsdam Conference.33 Which of the following is not true about McCarthy-ism? ( )(A)It was the reflection of anti-Communism on the American society.(B) It refers to the anti-Communist hysteria in the United
24、 States.(C) The court played a role in approving the lawfulness of anti-Communist activities.(D)It frightened a large number of Americans who felt it would be more dangerous to conform than to disagree with the majority.34 _was elected president because in the late 1970s, the American society turned
25、 conservative. ( )(A)Ronald Reagan(B) Jimmy Carter(C) Richard M. Nixon(D)George Bush35 _, the Pacific Coasts largest and busiest commercial city and the second largest city in population in the United States,is located in the heart of a rich agriculture and oil-producing region. ( )(A)San Francisco(
26、B) Los Angeles(C) New York(D)New Orleans36 The president cannot veto a law if Congress passes it by a vote at the second time. ( )(A)one-third(B) half(C) two-thirds(D)three-fourths37 _must first come from the House of representation. ( )(A)Legislative bills(B) Commercial bills(C) Revenue bills(D)Bud
27、get bills38 According to the U. S. Constitution, education is a function of the_. ( )(A)state(B) federal government(C) church(D)voters39 Junior colleges include the following colleges except _. ( )(A)Bible(B) community(C) junior(D)technical40 Mummers Parade held in _is one of the most popular New Ye
28、ars Day activities. ( )(A)New York City(B) Washington D.C.(C) Philadelphia(D)pasadena41 _is the biggest and best-loved holiday in the United States. ( )(A)Independence Day(B) Thanksgiving Day(C) Christmas Day(D)New Years Day42 It was who established the settlement in Canada in 160( )(A)Henry Hudson(
29、B) John Cabot(C) Jacques Carder(D)Samuel de Champlain43 According to the new federal Immigration Act (1978) , the following are the fundamental objectives of Canadian immigration law except_. ( )(A)family reunion(B) concern for refugees(C) promotion of the economic development of the country(D)prese
30、rvation of British culture44 Australia is the world s continent with an area of about_ million square kilometres. ( )(A)second largest, 8. 7(B) smallest, 7. 7(C) third largest, 6. 7(D)fourth, 6. 245 80% of Australians live in_. ( )(A)the west(B) the north(C) the south and east(D)the central46 New So
31、uth Wales was the first colony set up by Britain in_, so it is the oldest of the Australian states. ( )(A)1776(B) 1778(C) 1788(D)178947 Queensland is also called . ( )(A)the garden state(B) the sunshine state(C) the premier state(D)the state of excitement48 _ is also called the garden city because o
32、f its beautiful layout. ( )(A)Tasmania(B) Canberra(C) Victoria(D)South Australia49 New Zealand consists of two main islands:_. ( )(A)North Island and South Island(B) Steward Island and Long Island(C) West Island and East Island(D)Victorian Island and Tasman Island50 The climate in New Zealand is gen
33、erally ( )(A)hot(B) cold(C) dry(D)temperate二、简答题51 Who began to invade England from the end of the 8th century?52 What was Domesday Book?53 In Britain, what does BBC stand for?54 What is largely responsible for the lack of extreme summer heat and winter cold in Ireland?55 Which state is the largest
34、in the United States?56 Who drafted “The Declaration of Independence“ in the U. S. ?57 What mechanism did the writers of the Constitution introduce to provide safeguards of the new government misusing its power?58 What was the consequence of the Seven Years War between the British and the French?59
35、What does the outback refer to in Australia?60 What animal is regarded as a national symbol of New Zealand?三、名词解释61 the monarchy62 the Puritans63 the Truman Doctrine64 Lost Generation全国自考(英语国家概况)模拟试卷 6 答案与解析一、单项选择题1 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 目前(截止到 1991 年),英联邦中有 50 个成员国。2 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 盎格鲁一撒克逊人带来了日耳曼宗教。3 【正确答
36、案】 B【试题解析】 威廉,诺曼底公爵,于 1066 年在哈斯丁斯战役中打败了英国的哈罗德国王。4 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 对英国人来说,末日审判书无疑就是最后审判日那天,众王之王所用的末日书。这本财产清册完成于 1086 年,它记录了 1085 年作的英国全国总调查的结果。这本清册陈述了土地的范围、价值、人口、耕种情况和所有权。现在末日审判书保存在伦敦的公共档案馆里。这本书是被保存在公共档案馆里,而不是公共图书馆里。5 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 大宪章共有 63 条,其中一条是:没有大议会批准不得征税。6 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 英法百年战争起因既有领土之争也有经济利益的冲突
37、。7 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 从 1455 年到 1485 年的玫瑰战争,发生在兰开斯特家族和约克家族之间。8 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 亨利八世改革的目的,是使英国教会与教皇脱离联系,成立独立的英格兰教会。9 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 总的来说,伊丽莎白能与议会合作,这是因为尽管下议院中的清教徒要求进一步推行宗教改革,但他们仍忠于女王。选项 A 说伊丽莎白与议会争吵是错误的。10 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 1642 年 8 月 22 日,在诺丁汉附近的原野上,查尔斯国王在凝重的天空下竖起王室战旗,号召所有支持者加入,第一次内战(16421646)爆发。11 【正确答案】 D
38、【试题解析】 在英国,拒不信奉英国国教者起初被称为骑士派。12 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 在英国,托利党为保守党的前身,至今保守党还保留托利党这个绰号。13 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 英法两国进行的七年战争(1756-1763 年)结束后;1763 年签订的巴黎条约把加拿大交给了英国。14 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 1832 年通过的改革法案也称为 1832 年的大宪章。15 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 1979 年的选举使保守党再次上台,玛格丽特.撒切尔成为英国首位女首相。16 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 英国议会的世俗贵族议员由以下人员组成:(1)英格兰、苏格兰、大不列颠和
39、联合王国的所有世袭贵族和女贵族(爱尔兰贵族除外);(2)在司法事务上帮助上议院而授封的终身贵族(上诉法官);(3) 所有其他终身贵族。17 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 英国没有司法部,中央政府的司法工作主要由大法官(The Lord Chancellor)、内政大臣(The Home Secretary)和首席检察官(Attorney General)负责。18 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 英国警察不得加入工会或参与罢工。ACD 中涉及的组织允许加入。19 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 在英国,人人都有宗教信仰的自由,社会或政府不得干涉。他可随意改变其宗教信仰,可以在教职、礼拜或仪式中表明
40、他的信仰。各种教会和宗教团体可以拥有自己的财产,开办学校,以口头和书面的形式宣传其信仰。除了大法官不可以是罗马天主教徒外,公共职务对各种信仰或没有信仰的人一律公开。20 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 英国的大学依照皇家特许状或议会法进行管理并享有学术自由。他们自己任命教职工,决定录取哪些学生,自己决定课程并授予本校的学位。21 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 严肃报纸面向那些想广泛了解公共事务,获取充分信息的读者。有5 份严肃报金融时报、每日电报、卫报、独立报和泰晤士报。4 份严肃星期日报:星期日电讯报、星期日独立报、观察家和星期日泰晤日报。B 项太阳报属通俗日报。22 【正确答案】 A【试题解
41、析】 高尔夫球的故里是苏格兰,自从 17 世纪以来那儿就很盛行这项运动。23 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 沼泽是爱尔兰最重要的地形特征,在所有山区随处可见,而且覆盖低地的大片地区。24 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 在史前时代,爱尔兰遭受过许多凯尔特部落的入侵,其中最重要的是盖尔人。爱尔兰历史上最重要的事件或许是公元 432 年圣帕特里克来到爱尔兰岛,并把此岛变成学问中心和基督教文化中心。8 世纪末期,北欧人开始入侵。1170 年,盎格鲁一撒克逊人人侵爱尔兰,他们逐渐控制了这个岛。英国人和爱尔兰人之间的冲突持续了近 800 年。25 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 爱尔兰于 1949 年 4
42、月 18 日宣布为共和国。26 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 克里斯托夫.哥伦布是意大利海员,在西班牙王后的支持下,1492年他率船员横渡大洋来到现在的西印度洋的一些小岛上。27 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 宪法于 1787 年 12 月首先被特拉华州通过。28 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 随着疆土不断向西扩张,再次出现了是否允许奴隶制进入这些新地区的问题。这个问题成了非常严重的政治问题,因为它可能会打破参议院的权力平衡。29 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 随着工业的发展和铁路网的扩张,城市也迅速发展起来。1900 年,40以上的人口居住在 2500 人以上的城镇和城市。到 1920 年,
43、这个数字增长到了514。30 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 西奥多.罗斯福总统的贡献有以下三方面:(1)收回两亿英亩公用地作为森林保护区,开始大规模灌溉工程建设,比如,由联邦政府出资并监管的亚利桑那州的罗斯福水坝;(2)积极利用谢尔曼反托拉斯法阻止垄断性的商业合并;(3)利用 1906 年通过的赫伯恩法规范铁路运价,废除回扣。通过联邦储蓄法的是威尔逊总统。31 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 股票市场的崩溃是一个长期经济萧条的开始。32 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 “新政”是富兰克林.罗斯福总统实施的;富兰克林.罗斯福总统参加了德黑兰会议和雅尔塔会议,没有参加波茨坦会议。33 【正确答案】 D
44、【试题解析】 麦卡锡的“大谎言”战术奏效了。它吓坏了许多普通美国人,人们开始感到随大流比持不同意见更安全。34 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 保守主义倾向使得罗纳德.里根入主白宫。35 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 洛杉矶位于富饶的农业和石油产区中心,它不但是太平洋沿岸最大和最繁忙的商业城市,也是美国第二大人口城市,它温和的气候吸引了众多工业、移居者以及度假的人。36 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 国会可以通过一项法律,但总统可以否决,也就是取消这项法律,于是国会再次通过这项法律这次是以 23 票多数通过总统就不能再否决了。37 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 国会的两院都有权就任何问题提议立法
45、,但税收法案必须首先由众议院提出。38 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 根据美国的宪法第十条修正案,教育是“保留给各州或人民”的责任之一。这清楚地说明教育是州的职责,而不是联邦政府的。39 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 专科学院大致包括社区、专科和技术学院;他们提供证书或学位课程,除个别例外,一般不授予学士学位。40 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 在美国,费城举行的化装游行是最受欢迎的元旦活动之一。41 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 圣诞节(12 月 25 日)是庆祝耶稣基督诞生的节日,是美国最大、最受人喜欢的节日。42 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 1608 年,法国探险家塞缪尔德.张伯伦在现
46、在的魁北克城建立了他的“住地”,扎下了法裔加拿大人的根。43 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 1978 年新联邦移民法首次清楚地肯定了加拿大移民法的目的:家庭团圆,没有歧视、关心难民和推进加拿大经济、社会、人口及文化目标的实现。这部新法规定了三类可接收移民:家庭类、国际公约难民和独立移民。44 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 澳大利亚面积 770 万平方公里,是世界上最小的一个大洲。但澳大利亚是一个大国,是继俄国、加拿大、中国、巴西和美国之后的世界上第六大国。45 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 80的澳大利亚人居住在较凉爽湿润的南部和东部地区。46 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 因为新南威尔士是
47、1788 年英国人建立的第个殖民地,所以是澳大利亚最古老的州。47 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 昆士兰也被叫做阳光州,因为它每天有七个半小时的光照时间。48 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 堪培拉因其美丽的布局,被称为花园城市。49 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 组成新西兰的两大岛屿是北岛和南岛。50 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 总体上说,新西兰的气候温和,但因为这个国家南北狭长,所以各地气候还是有差异的。二、简答题51 【正确答案】 From the end of the 8th century, the Norwegian Vikings and the Danes from Denma
48、rk began to invade England. 52 【正确答案】 Thebook was the result of a general survey of England made in 1085, and stated the extent, value, the population, state of cultivation and ownership of the land. 53 【正确答案】 British Broadcasting Corporation. 54 【正确答案】 The North Atlantic Current is responsible for
49、the lack of extreme summer heat and winter cold in Ireland. 55 【正确答案】 Alaska is the largest one. 56 【正确答案】 He was Thomas Jefferson. 57 【正确答案】 They introduced the mechanism of separation of powers and checks and balances. 58 【正确答案】 After the Seven Years War from 1756 to 1763, the French were forced to give up every inch of land in North America and the whole of Canada came un
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