2019中考英语一轮复习完形填空之推理判断练习课件人教新目标版20190125196.pptx

1、完形填空之推理判断,Who?First he is a detective Second, he lived in London in 19 century Third he liked playing violin,Sherlock Holmes,Have you seen Sherlock?,Do you know the Sherlock Holmes Museum?,After buying ticketspeople come here ,Rang the bell, the maid comes to open the door ,Holmes and Watsons living

2、 room,Inside the living room is a fireplace. (壁炉)In front of the fireplace,then come to the third floor Holmess assistant-Billy,完形填空的题型特点: 选项所给的四个词的词性和意义相同或相近。如果脱离语境或只看句子的一部分，可能会有两个或两个以上的答案；若放在整篇文章提供的语境中，利用上下文提供的各种信息综合分析，则只有一个最佳答案。这种考查方式所占的比例较大，且难度也大，若单纯从句子或个别段落来分析，或许所给的四个答案在语法和结构上都是正确的，若放在全局，则不一定正确

3、。,因此，快速浏览全文，领悟文章主旨，通过上下文的语境来推理判断答案是解决这类题的关键。,做完形填空，我们可以从一下几个方面进行推理判断。,一、通过语境进行判断这种解题信息分前置信息和后置信息两种。即充分利用文章的上下文和前后句，找到对选择有提示作用的词或句。(1) 运用“前置信息”。Alicia was a young woman who liked to exercise for her health. In fact, she walked five kilometers before breakfast every morning, and went swimming once a w

4、eek at the swimming pool. She didnt smoke and never 36 . She didnt eat chocolate.36. A. exercised B. drank C. walked D. slept （B）,一、通过语境进行判断这种解题信息分前置信息和后置信息两种。即充分利用文章的上下文和前后句，找到对选择有提示作用的词或句。(1) 运用“前置信息”。Alicia was a young woman who liked to exercise for her health. In fact, she walked five kilometer

5、s before breakfast every morning, and went swimming once a week at the swimming pool. She didnt smoke and never 36 . She didnt eat chocolate.36. A. exercised B. drank C. walked D. slept （B）,一、通过语境进行判断这种解题信息分前置信息和后置信息两种。即充分利用文章的上下文和前后句，找到对选择有提示作用的词或句。(1) 运用“前置信息”。Alicia was a young woman who liked to

6、 exercise for her health. In fact, she walked five kilometers before breakfast every morning, and went swimming once a week at the swimming pool. She didnt smoke and never 36 . She didnt eat chocolate.36. A. exercised B. drank C. walked D. slept （B）【解析】从上文中可知艾丽西娅是个喜欢锻炼身体的年轻女子。事实上，她每天早饭前步行五公里，每周去游泳池游

7、泳一次。可以推断出她有着非常健康的生活习惯，所以她不抽烟也不喝酒。,【练习】Before you make friends, you have to decide whom you want to choose to be your friends. Most people like to have friends who like to do the same kinds of things as they do. Think about your favourite things and try talking to your classmates about your（72） D . 7

8、2. A. family B. school C. parents D. hobbies,【练习】Before you make friends, you have to decide whom you want to choose to be your friends. Most people like to have friends who like to do the same kinds of things as they do. Think about your favourite things and try talking to your classmates about you

9、r（72） D . 72. A. family B. school C. parents D. hobbies【解答】D。考查名词，A. family家庭；B. school学校；C. parents父母；D. hobbies 爱好，根据前文说到大部分人交朋友都喜欢交往志同道合的朋友，由此可知，题干处说的是跟同班同学谈论兴趣爱好，结合选项，D符合语境，故选D。,(2) 运用“后置信息”After saying goodbye, the lady continued down the road until she reached a small 42 where she decided to s

10、top for something to eat. As the pretty waitress took her order, the lady noticed she was nearly eight months pregnant（怀孕）.42. A. restaurant B. bookstore C. cinema D. library （A）,(2) 运用“后置信息”After saying goodbye, the lady continued down the road until she reached a small 42 where she decided to stop

11、 for something to eat. As the pretty waitress took her order, the lady noticed she was nearly eight months pregnant（怀孕）.42. A. restaurant B. bookstore C. cinema D. library （A）,(2) 运用“后置信息”After saying goodbye, the lady continued down the road until she reached a small 42 where she decided to stop fo

12、r something to eat. As the pretty waitress took her order, the lady noticed she was nearly eight months pregnant（怀孕）.42. A. restaurant B. bookstore C. cinema D. library （A）【解析】A.从下文where she decided to stop for something to eat 她决定停下来吃点东西可以推断出她到达的是一个吃饭的地方，根据选项的意思可知。,【练习】Ask your new friends question

13、s about（78） C . Whos their favourite singer？Where do they live？Whos their teacher？What do they do after school？These are all good questions to start a conversation. 78. A. yourself B. me C. themselves D. it,【练习】Ask your new friends questions about（78） C . Whos their favourite singer？Where do they li

14、ve？Whos their teacher？What do they do after school？These are all good questions to start a conversation. 78. A. yourself B. me C. themselves D. it 【解析】C。考查代词，A. yourself 你自己；B. me我；C. themselves他/她/它们自己 D. it它，根据后文Whos their singer？Where do they live？Whos their teacher？他们最喜欢的歌手是谁？他们住哪里？他们的老师是谁？，由此可知

15、这些问题都是关于朋友们的，结合选项，他们对应的反身代词是themselves，故选 C。,（3）运用前置和后置信息Stevenson, a Scotsman, had lived _18_for many years. In 1881 he returned to Scotland for a holiday.A. alone B. next door C. at home D. abroad （D）,（3）运用前置和后置信息Stevenson, a Scotsman, had lived _18_for many years. In 1881 he returned to Scotland

16、for a holiday.A. alone B. next door C. at home D. abroad （D）,（3）运用前置和后置信息Stevenson, a Scotsman, had lived _18_for many years. In 1881 he returned to Scotland for a holiday.A. alone B. next door C. at home D. abroad （D）【解析】根据上文可知， Stevenson, a Scotsman史蒂文森是苏格兰人，多年来一直生活在苏格兰。根据下文可知he returned to Scotla

17、nd 他重返故土苏格兰。可知史蒂文森常年住在苏格兰。,【练习】Laughing with a friend is the best,（37） B sometimes crying brings you closer （更亲密的） together. 37. A. because B. but C. if D. or,【练习】Laughing with a friend is the best,（37） B sometimes crying brings you closer （更亲密的） together. 37. A. because B. but C. if D. or【解答】B。考查连词

18、，A. because因为；B. but但是；C. if如果；是否；D. or 或者，根据后文的crying和前文的Laughing，可知这是转折关系，故选B。,二、利用复现词语进行判断有时为了表达的需求，在上下文中有同一概念出现，可以借助这一信息选择正确答案。Friendship is one of the permanent themes in the literature of all language. Some of us like _10_ friends while others like different friends. Personally I prefer both.H

19、aving similar friends has many advantages. 10. A. true B. right C. same D. similar （D）,二、利用复现词语进行判断有时为了表达的需求，在上下文中有同一概念出现，可以借助这一信息选择正确答案。Friendship is one of the permanent themes in the literature of all language. Some of us like _10_ friends while others like different friends. Personally I prefer

20、both.Having similar friends has many advantages. 10. A. true B. right C. same D. similar （D）,二、利用复现词语进行判断有时为了表达的需求，在上下文中有同一概念出现，可以借助这一信息选择正确答案。Friendship is one of the permanent themes in the literature of all language. Some of us like _10_ friends while others like different friends. Personally I p

21、refer both.Having similar friends has many advantages. 10. A. true B. right C. same D. similar （D）【解析】根据句意while others like different friends. 但其他人喜欢不同的朋友可知主句为有些人喜欢类似的朋友，A. 真正的；B.正确的；C. 相同的；D. 类似的，下文中中有similar friends，可知答案为D。,【练习】The quickest way to make a friend is to（73） A . If you do so，people th

22、ink you are（74） friendly. At first, it may not be easy to smile. However，remember that（75）nobody likes an angry face. 73. A. smile B. write C. sing D. shout,【练习】The quickest way to make a friend is to（73） A . If you do so，people think you are（74） friendly. At first, it may not be easy to smile. Howe

23、ver，remember that（75）nobody likes an angry face. 73. A. smile B. write C. sing D. shout【解答】 A。考查动词，A. smile微笑；B. write写；C. sing唱歌；D. shout大叫。根据后文At first，it may not be easy to smile首先，微笑可能是不容易的，由此可知前文说到的交朋友最快的方式是微笑，故选A。,三、通过逻辑推理进行判断 由一个或几个已知的判断（前提），推导出一个未知的结论的思维过程。 1.For a long time she stood in the

24、 basket silently. and only kept her eyes (45) to look at all the wonderful sights below. (45) A. closed B. open C. clean （B）,三、通过逻辑推理进行判断 由一个或几个已知的判断（前提），推导出一个未知的结论的思维过程。 1.For a long time she stood in the basket silently. and only kept her eyes (45) to look at all the wonderful sights below. (45) A

25、. closed B. open C. clean （B）,三、通过逻辑推理进行判断 由一个或几个已知的判断（前提），推导出一个未知的结论的思维过程。 1.For a long time she stood in the basket silently. and only kept her eyes (45) to look at all the wonderful sights below. (45) A. closed B. open C. clean （B）【解析】由于look可以推理判断，眼镜是睁开的，所以答案为B。,【练习】“Hey, deaf and dumb , whats th

26、e time?” They told me that he could neither hear nor (39). （39）A. speak B. see C. answer （A）,【练习】“Hey, deaf and dumb , whats the time?” They told me that he could neither hear nor (39). （39）A. speak B. see C. answer （A）【解析】从句中的deaf and dumb，又聋又哑，可以推理判断出他既不能听，也不能说，故答案为A。,四、利用逻辑关系进行推理判断做题时如果能充分利用这些语篇标

27、志语，就可以迅速理清文章的脉络，弄清上下文的关系。 表示结构层次的firstly, secondly, finally等；表示并列关系的and, or, besides, as well (as)等；表示因果关系的therefore, so等，表示递进关系的besides, whats more, 等，表示转折关系的however, but, while, on the other hand等等。,【例1】 Some parts of the water are very shallow. But in some places it is very _.A. deep B. high C. c

28、old D. dangerous,【例1】 Some parts of the water are very shallow. But in some places it is very _.A. deep B. high C. cold D. dangerous,【例1】 Some parts of the water are very shallow. But in some places it is very _.A. deep B. high C. cold D. dangerous【解析】根据转折连词but的提示，所填入的词应与shallow浅的相反，因此答案为A。,A,【练习】Mr

29、s ONeill asked _ questions and she didnt scold us either.A. no B. certain C. many D. more,【练习】Mrs ONeill asked _ questions and she didnt scold us either.A. no B. certain C. many D. more 【解析】and是一个并列连词；either为副词，用在否定句或否定词后加强语势，由此可以确定所填的词也应是一个否定意义的词，因此答案是A。,五、根据生活常识及文化背景知识进行逻辑推理判断完形填空题的选文为独立的语篇，它以自身的内

30、容提供完整的语篇信息，但有时渗透着文化科学、历史地理、风俗民情等方面的知识。在做题时，若能积极调动自己的生活常识和文化背景知识，巧妙地加以运用，必能轻松解题。【例】The old man looked at me. Then he looked at his _and replied, “Its 5:30”.A. umbrella B. home C. watch,五、根据生活常识及文化背景知识进行逻辑推理判断完形填空题的选文为独立的语篇，它以自身的内容提供完整的语篇信息，但有时渗透着文化科学、历史地理、风俗民情等方面的知识。在做题时，若能积极调动自己的生活常识和文化背景知识，巧妙地加以运用，

31、必能轻松解题。【例】The old man looked at me. Then he looked at his _and replied, “Its 5:30”.A. umbrella B. home C. watch 【解析】根据句意可知他看的物体应该可以显示时间，A. umbrella 雨伞；B. home家；C. watch 手表，根据常识手表显示时间。,1. They had to travel outside France for several weeks. That afternoon, I had to _ out of one familys house and into

32、 another.A. move B. travel C. walk D. rush,1. They had to travel outside France for several weeks. That afternoon, I had to _ out of one familys house and into another.A. move B. travel C. walk D. rush【解答】A。考查推理能力。根据前句可知原来的寄宿家庭要出国，那他一定是要“搬出去”到另一家去，选项A正确。,2. As soon as I sat down, my _41_ made the ch

33、air begin to roll. Its wheels were not _42_.41. A. height B. force C. skill D. weight42. A. locked B. repaired C. powered D. grasped,2. As soon as I sat down, my _41_ made the chair begin to roll. Its wheels were not _42_.41. A. height B. force C. skill D. weight42. A. locked B. repaired C. powered

34、D. grasped【解答】D和A。考查推理能力。由前面句中的 the chair began to roll，推出正是轮子没有锁上，加上重力，才会滚动，故选择D和A。,3. Lisa was one of the mobile children, _39_ from house to house in childhood. She longs for a sense of _40_ , and so we have come to Nova Scotia where my husband and I were born and where our ancestors _41_ for 200

35、 years.39. A. passed B. raised C. moved D. sent40. A. home B. duty C. reality D. relief41. A. built B. lived C. remained D. explored,3. Lisa was one of the mobile children, _39_ from house to house in childhood. She longs for a sense of _40_ , and so we have come to Nova Scotia where my husband and

36、I were born and where our ancestors _41_ for 200 years.39. A. passed B. raised C. moved D. sent40. A. home B. duty C. reality D. relief41. A. built B. lived C. remained D. explored【解答】考查推理能力。前句的关键词 the mobile children, 和 from house to house，体现了原因：Lisa 从小居无定所，得出结论：渴望有家的感觉，根据这两者间的因果关系，得出正确答案为 C A B 。,

37、一、完型填空Lofton (洛夫顿) is a little village not far from Manchester (曼彻斯特). Like many _1_villages near towns or cities, it is clean and quiet. Not many families _2_ there, so the people all know_3_ . Most of them are friendly and helpful. _4_their homes are in Lofton, many people have jobs in Manchester.

38、 Some work in the big factories. _5_work in shops or offices. Most of these people go to work by train. It usually takes them about _6_to get from Lofton to Manchester.In the evening a lot of people like _7_TV. If they want to see a film or to listen to a concert (音乐会) , they _8_ go to Manchester. T

39、here are no cinemas in Lofton. Life in Lofton may not be so exciting as life in the _9_cities, but it can be just as _10_ as there. That is why people in Lofton love their little village.,1. A. any B. others C. other 2. A. lives B. have lived C. live 3. A. each another B. each other C. other one 4.

40、A. Though B. But C. So 5. A. Little B. A few C. Few 6. A. a half hour B. half hour C. half an hour 7. A. to watching B. watching C. to be watched 8. A. have to B. had to C. need 9. A. more larger B. larger C. larger than other 10. A. interested B. more interesting C. interesting,一、完型填空Lofton (洛夫顿) i

41、s a little village not far from Manchester (曼彻斯特). Like many _1_villages near towns or cities, it is clean and quiet. Not many families _2_ there, so the people all know_3_ . Most of them are friendly and helpful. _4_their homes are in Lofton, many people have jobs in Manchester. Some work in the bi

42、g factories. _5_work in shops or offices. Most of these people go to work by train. It usually takes them about _6_to get from Lofton to Manchester. 1. A. any B. others C. other 2. A. lives B. have lived C. live 3. A. each another B. each other C. other one 4. A. Though B. But C. So 5. A. Little B.

43、A few C. Few 6. A. a half hour B. half hour C. half an hour,【答案】1-5. CCBAB 6.C,In the evening a lot of people like _7_TV. If they want to see a film or to listen to a concert (音乐会) , they _8_ go to Manchester. There are no cinemas in Lofton. Life in Lofton may not be so exciting as life in the _9_ci

44、ties, but it can be just as _10_ as there. That is why people in Lofton love their little village. 7. A. to watching B. watching C. to be watched 8. A. have to B. had to C. need 9. A. more larger B. larger C. larger than other 10. A. interested B. more interesting C. interesting【答案】7-10. BABC,二、完形填空

45、。If you want to have true friends, you should be a true friend yourself. Wonder_11_ you can do? Here are some tips._12_and cry togetherLaughing with a friend is the best, _13_sometimes crying brings you closer(更亲密的) together. Dont be _14_to be yourself when you stay youre your friends. Share your _1

46、5_ feelings with your friends. Then friends will know each other _16_better.Be a nice gift giver Gift-giving isnt just for birthdays or holidays-it can be a fun way of making your friends _17_special! But you dont need to buy _18_ gifts. Making things by yourself _19_ your care, because you put time

47、 and ideas into your_20_.,Stand up for him or her.If someone _21_your friend, dont just stand there quietly. Do _22_ about it! You can try to _23_ a smart way to solve(解决) the problem and make others look at your friend differently. Sometimes its necessary _24_ you to make him or her feel better. It

48、 may not be _25_, but its what a good friend should do!11. A. who B. when C. what D. how 12. A. Think B. Laugh C. Sing D. Dance 13. A. because B. but C. if D. or 14. A. bored B. tired C. surprised D. afraid 15. A. true B. difficult C. funny D. boring,16. A. so B. very C. much D. quite 17. A. keep B.

49、 feel C. look D. get 18. A. expensive B. interesting C. useful D. real 19. A. lets B. wishes C. helps D. shows 20. A. friends B. birthdays C. gifts D. holidays 21. A. laughs at B. looks at C. thinks about D. talks to 22. A. something B. anything C. everything D. nothing 23. A. find B. ask C. start D. teach 24. A. of B. for C. to D. with 25. A. strict B. sorry C. easy D. smart,