NAVY DOD-HDBK-249 A-1984 METALS AND ALLOYS RAPID ON-SITE IDENTIFICATION OF (RECOMMENDED PROCEDURE FOR CHEMICAL SPOT TESTING AND ASSOCIATED PHYSICAL TESTS TO VERIFY METAL ALLOY CLAS.pdf

1、 DOD-HDBK-2LI7A.75 7779770 000730Li 3 W I METRIC I DOD-HDBK-249A( SH) 26 December 1984 SUPERSEDING DOD-HDBK-249( SH) 7 October 1977 MILITARY HANDBOOK METALS AND ALLOYS, RAPID ON-SITE IDENTIFICATION OF (RECOMMENDED PROCEDURE FOR CHEMICAL SPOT TESTING AND ASSOCIATED PHYSICAL TESTS TO VERIFY METAL ALL

2、OY CLASSIFICATION) (METRIC) THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS -sJ- PAGES FSC 95GP Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-DOD-HDBK-249A( SH) 26 December 1984 DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY NAVAL SEA SYSTEMS COMMAND Washington, DC 20362 Metals and Alloys, Rapid

3、On-Site Identification of (Recommended Procedure for Chemical Spot Testing and Associated Physical Tests to Verify Metal Alloy Classification) (Metric) 1, Defense in accordance with established procedure. This standardization handbook was developed by the Department of 2, This publication was approv

4、ed on 26 December 1984 for printing and inclusion in the military standardization handbook series. 3, This documerit provides basic and fundamental information on the rapid on-site identification of metals and alloys which include both chemical spot testing and associated physical tests to identify

5、metal alloy classification. The handbook is not intended to be referenced in purchase specifications except for informational purposes, nor shall it supersede any specification requirements. 4, Beneficial comments (recommendations, additions, deletions) and any pertinent: data which may be of use in

6、 improving this document should be addressed to: Commander, Naval Sea Systems Command, SEA 5523, Department of the Navy, Washington, DC 20362 by using the self-addressed Standardization Document Improvement Proposal (DD Form 1426) appearing at the end of this document or by letter Provided by IHSNot

7、 for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-DOD-HDBK-247A 75 W 7977970 0009306 7 m DOD-HDBK-249A( SH) 26 December 1984 FOREWORD The purpose of this handbook is to provide chemical spot testing and similar methods for identification of metals and coatings on metal.

8、 These test procedures are qualitative only. spectrographic or chemical analytical procedures or by one or more special testing methods which may be applicable for the purpose. Quantitative results should be obtained by iii Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without

9、 license from IHS-,-,-Paragraph 1. 2e 3. 3.1 3 e2 3.3 4. 5, 6e 7. 7.1 7.2 7.3 Figure 1. 2. 3. 4. Table I. DOD-HDBK-24 9A( SH) 26 December 1984 CONTENTS EQUIPMENT FIGURES Identification scheme outline -.-I-L- Identification scheme outline (continued from figure 1)- Identification scheme outline (cont

10、inued from figure 2)- Identification scheme outline (continued from figure i)=- TABLE Significant alloy content of common steels -I- .= 9 / Page 1 1 3 3 3 4 4 5 6 8 8 9 15 16 17 18 19 11 . 4 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-DOD-HDBK-2Y

11、7A 75 W 7737770 0007308 O DOD-HDBK-249A(SH) 26 December 1984 1. SCOPE 1.1 73;s handbook_ Bar, Plate, Rod, Sheet, Strip, Flat Wire, and Structural and Special Shaped Sections. - Copper Alloy Casting, (Including Cast Bar). - Copper-Silicon, Copper-Zinc-Silicon, and Copper- Nickel-Silicon Alloys: Rod,

12、Wire, Shapes, Forgings, and Flat Products (Flat Wire, Strip, Sheet, Bar, and Plate). - Nickel-Copper Alloy Bar, Rod, Plate, Sheet, Strip, Wire, Forgings, and Structural and Special Shaped Sect ions. - Nickel-Copper-Aluminum Alloy, Wrought. - Steel Bars, Wire, Shapes, and Forgings, Corrosion- - Wire,

13、 Nickel-Chromium-Iron Alloy. Resisting. - Steel Castings, Molybdenum Alloy. - Steel Bars, Billets, and Forgings - Carbon- Molybdenum Alloy . - Studs, Bolts, Hex Cap Screws, and Nuts. - Nickel-Chromium Alloy, Sheet and Strip, - Nickel Alloy, Bars and Forgings, 1200“ to 1500F Age-Hardenable Annealed.

14、Operating Temperatures. MIL-S-16216 - Steel Plate, Alloy, Structural, High Yield Strength MIL-T-16420 - Tube, Copper-Nickel Alloy, Seamless and Welded (HY-80 and HY-100) (Copper Alloy Numbers 715 and 706). Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-

15、DOD-HDBK-249A( SH) 26 December 1984 MILITARY (Continued) MIL-S-16974 - Steel Bars, Billets, Blooms and Slabs, Carbon and Alloy (For Reforging or Other Operations Before Heat Treatment) . MIL-R-17131 - Rods and Powders, Welding, Surfacing. MIL-S-18410 - Steel Bars, Billets, and Forgings - Chromiu

16、m- Molybdenum Alloy. MIL-T-20155 - Tube and Pipe, Carbon-Molybdenum Alloy Steel, Seamless (ASTM A-335-55T, Grade P-1) b MIL-T-20157 - Tube and Pipe, Carbon Steel, Seamless. MIL-C-20159 - Copper-Nickel Alloy (70-30 and 90-10): MIL-S-22698 - Steel Plate and Shapes, Weldable Ordinary Strength and Highe

17、r Strength: Hull Strength. MIL-S-23192 - Springs, Helical, Age-Hardenable Nickel-Chromium- Iron Alloy. MIL-T-23227 - Tube and Pipe, Nickel-Chromium-Iron Alloy. MIL-N-23228 - Nickel-Chromium-Iron Alloy Plate, Sheet and Strip, Air Melted or Vacuum Remelted. MIL-N-23229 - Nickel-Chromium-Iron Alloy Bar

18、s and Forgings. MIL-T-24107 - Tube, Copper (Seamless) (Copper numbers 102, 103, MIL-N-24114 - Nickel-Chromium-Iron Age-Hardenable Alloy Bars, MIL-1-24137 - Iron, Castings, Nodular Graphitic (Ductile Iron) Castings. 108, 120, 122, and 142). Rods, and Forgings. and Nodular Graphitic (Corrosion esistin

19、g, Austenitic, Low Magnetic Permeability) (For Shipboard Application). Tungsten Alloy Bars, Rods and Forgings. Service. Alloy Bars, Rods, Reforging Stock, and Forging (Alloy 718) Forgings, Corrosion-Resistant (Precipitation Hardening) b and Rods. MIL-C-24252 - Cobalt-Chromium-Tungsten-Nickel and Cob

20、alt-Chromium- MIL-B-24480 Bronze, Nickel-Aluminum Castings, For Seawater MIL-N-24492 - Nickel-Chromium-Iron-Columbium Age-Hardenable MIL-C-24527 - Chromium-Nickel Alloy, Steel Bars, Rods, and MIL-N-24549 - Nickel-Copper-Aluminum Alloyl Age Hardenable, Bars STANDARD FEDERAL FED-STD-66 - Steel: Chemic

21、al Composition and Hardenability. (Copies of specifications and standards required by contractors in connection with specific acquisition functions should be obtained from the contracting activity or as directed by the contracting officer.) 2.2 Other publications, The following documents form a part

22、 of this hand- book to the extent specified herein. effect on date of invitation for bids or request for proposal shall apply. Unless otherwise indicated, the issue in 2 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-3.2 Testing conditions. DOD-HDBK

23、ZLITA 75 7997770 0007310 7 m- DOD-HDBK-249A( SH) 26 December 1984 ASTM A 48 - Gray Iron Castings, Standard Specification for. , A 217 - Martensitic Stainless Steel and Alloy Steel Castings fol: Pressure-Containing Parts Suitable for High-Temperature Service. B 160 - Nickel Rod and Bar, Specificatio

24、n for. B 443 - Nickel-Chromium-Molybdenum-Columbium Alloy (UNS N06625) Plate, B 444 - Nickel-Chromium-Molybdenum-Columbium Alloys (UNS N06625) Pipe B 446 - Nickel-Chromium-Molybdenum-Columbium Alloy (UNS N06625) Rod B 637 - Precipitation-Hardening Nickel Alloy Bars, Forgings, and Sheet, and Strip, S

25、pecification for. and Tube, Specification for. and Bar, Specification for. Forging Stock for High-Temperature Service, Specification for. (Application for copies should be addressed to ASTM, 1916 Race Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103.) (Technical society and technical association specifications and st

26、andards are generally available for reference from libraries. among technical groups and using Federal agencies.) They are also distributed 3 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 3.1 Intended use. 3.1.1 This procedure is intended for use when it is desired to identify metallic materials by category or subcategory,

27、i.e., alloy identification. This metal alloy classification procedure can be used for identification for welding, sorting of scrap, locating weld beads or overlays, and insuring removal of weld overlays, plating, or lead shielding. 3.1.2 This procedure is not intended as a substitute for quantitativ

28、e chemical analysis. It cannot be used to determine whether or not a metal meets specification chemical requirements. This procedure is only valid for metals which meet specification requirements since a metal which is off specification may behave in this procedure as a different metal. 3.1.3 The pr

29、ocedure of this handbook will only confirm that the unknown reacts the same as a standard of known chemistry. , 3.2.1 .Chemical spot tests should be performed on materials that are at temperatures below 60 degrees Celsius (OC) or above 7OC. Normal ambient temper- ature (25 + 5OC) is best. Temperatur

30、e variations cause variances in reaction time and intensity. Both the unknown and the test standard must be at the same. temperature. Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-DOD-HDBK-249A( SH) 26 December 1984 3.2.2 reaction rates, the best p

31、ossible lighting conditions shall be provided in each testing situation. Unfiltered daylight would be preferable. flashlight may provide the lowest acceptable light intensity. lighting conditions shall be the same for both the unknown and the test standard. To assure accurate determination and compa

32、risons of colors and The case of a In any case, 3.3 Safety precautions, 3.3.1 Users of this procedure shall comply with all local regulations regarding safety, storage, and disposal with respect to the reagents involved in this procedure. 3,3.2 Most of the reagents are acids or corrosive chemicals.

33、precautions (see 4,l(f) to avoid contact with clothing, skin, and eyes should be observed. Plastic containers shall be used and should be tightly closed when not in use to avoid spills. Normal Adequate ventilation should be provided. 3.3.3 At the completion of testing, the specimens should be rinsed

34、 with water followed by the use of moist, absorbent cloths or paper to wipe off reaction products and the work shall be dried to prevent further chemical attack. 3.4 Labeling_. Reagents should be labeled and have a hazardous material sticker affixed. The label shall include, as a minimum, the follow

35、ing information: (a) (c) Expiration date. (d) Special safety precautions. (e) Signature of preparer. Reagent name and the identifying paragraph number, . (b) Preparation date. 4. EQUIPMENT 4.1 The equipment to be used is as follows: (a) (b) Plastic dropping bottles 50 milliliters (mL) capacity for s

36、toring (c) (d) (e) Reagents and distilled water as specified herein. the reagents. Cleaning materials such as a fine file or abrasive paper. Filter paper, Whatman No. 3 paper or equivalent, cut into strips A flashlight because lighting is often poor under testing condi- about 2.5 centimeters (cm) (1

37、inch) wide. tions and shades of color in both alloy and reaction products are difficult to judge without an adequate light source. contact with reagents) and other safety equipment as required by local regulations. safety glasses, and eye rash bottle. (E) Rubber or plastic gloves or finger cots (to

38、 protect skin from Reco imended items include plastic gloves, (g) Clean, uncoated steel nails. (h) Small magnet. (i) A suitable carrying case for equipment, reagents, and test (j) standards. A stopwatch or equivalent timing device. 4 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitt

39、ed without license from IHS-,-,-DOD-HDBK-247A 75 W 7777770 0007312 2 DOD-HDBK-249A( SH) 26 December 1984 5. REAGENTS 5.1 Fifty percent nitric acid. Fifty percent nitric acid is one volume of concentrated nitric acid, with a specific gravity of 1.42, added to one volume of distilled water. The shelf-

40、life is-6 months. 5.2 Five percent chromotropic acid solution. Five percent chromotropic acid solution is 1 gram of chromotropic acid powder dissolved in 20 mL distilled water. The shelf life is 8 hours. NOTE: In view of the very brief shelf life of chromotropic acid solution, the powder, which has

41、a 3-year shelf life, shall be mixed in proper amounts with distilled water, only as needed for-use within 8 hours. The container should be marked with the date of preparation to avoid accidental use of deteriorated reagent. 5.3 Silver nitrate. Silver nitrate is 1 gram of silver nitrate dissolved The

42、 reagent bottle should be wrapped with opaque in 100 mL of distilled water. tape to prevent sunlight from degrading the solution. The shelf life is 6 months. 5.4 Concentrated hydrochloric acid. The specific gravity of the concentrated hydrochloric acid is 1.18. The shelf life is indefinite. 5.5 Ten

43、percent potassium ferricyanide. Ten percent potassium ferricyanide is 10 grams of potassium ferricyanidedissolved in 100 mL of distilled water. The shelf life is 6 months. 5.6 Forty percent sodium hydroxide. Forty percent sodium hydroxide is 40 grams of sodium hydroxide dissolved in 100 mL of distil

44、led water. life is 6 months. The-shelf 5.7 Twenty percent sulfuric acid. Twenty percent sulfuric acid is 20 mL of concentrated sulfuric acid slowly added to 80 mL of distilled water. The shelf life is 6 months. 5.8 Potassium ethyl xanthogenate (paper). Potassium ethyl xanthogenate (paper) is 10 gram

45、s of potassium ethyl xanthogenate dissolved in 100 mL of distilled water. Soak whole pieces of filter paper in the solution, remove, and allow to dry completely. After drying, cut into strips approximately 0.6 cm wide by 5 cm long (1/4-inch by 2 inches). The shelf life of the paper is 6 months. Stor

46、e in an air tight container. 5.9 Ten percent nitric acid. Ten percent nitric acid is 10 mL of concen- trated acid added to 90 mL of distilled water. The shelf life is 6 months. 5.10 Dimethylglyoxime (paper). Dimethylglyoxime paper is prepared by soaking fil2er paper in a solution prepared as follows

47、 dissolve 0.4 grams of dimethylglyoxime powder in 40 mL of ethyl alcohol. by dissolving 5 grams of ammonium acetate in 15 mL of concentrated ammonium hydroxide. Add this solution to 30 mL of glacial acetic acid. After soaking for 1 minute, remove the paper and allow to air dry thoroughly. The paper

48、 is then cut into strips measuring approxi- mately 0.6 cm wide by 5 cm long (1/4-inch by 2-inches). container. The shelf life of the paper is 6 months. Prepare a second solution Combine the two solutions and mix well. Store in an air tight Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking p

49、ermitted without license from IHS-,-,-DOD-HDBK-249A( SH) 26 December 1984 5.11 Fifty percent sulfuric acid. Fifty percent sulfuric acid is one volume of concentrated sulfuric acid slowly added to one volume of distilled water, nie shelf life is 6 months. 5.12 Five percent sodium hydroxide. Five percent sodium hydroxide is 5 grams of sodium hydroxide dissolve