NAVY MIL-HDBK-1038-1998 WEIGHT HANDLING EQUIPMENT《起重设备》.pdf

1、MIL-HDBK-LO38 W 9997970 0273332 982 13 INCH-POUND MIL-HDBK-1038 06 MARCH 1998 SUPERSEDING NAVFAC DM-38.01 AND CHANGE 1 OCTOBER 1986 DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE HANDBOOK WEIGHT HANDLING EQUIPMENT AMSC. N/A AREA FACR DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. Provided

2、by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-LO38 W 9999970 027LL33 819 H MIL-HDBK-1038 ABSTRACT This handbook addresses the most prevalent varieties of cranes within the inventories of U.S. Navy shore facilities. There still remain many less comm

3、on and some unique, one-of-a-kind cranes in service, which fall outside the practical scope of this handbook. The period of crane design extends from contemporary to the early 1940s. The individual varieties of cranes included in this handbook are further grouped as “older“ and “newer“ types and as

4、standard comercial and custom (built-up) designs. The handbook begins with a non-technical description of the selected varieties of cranes and progresses to rigorous engineering methodology and design requirements for the main assemblies and their component parts. It is intended for the use of engin

5、eers proficient in the technical disciplines relevant to cranes, but not necessarily expert in all phases of crane design. ii Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-1038 9999970 0271134 755 0 MIL-HDBK-1038 FOREWORD NAVFACINST 11450.

6、1 assigns to the Navy Crane Center (NCC) the authority and responsibility for the procurement, establishment and control of design standard, oversight of maintenance, and evaluation of all cranes at Navy shore facilities. The main objectives of this handbook are - to consolidate the current crane de

7、sign criteria and practices; and to record past experience, use-proven successful practices, and design features of the older cranes. It is also intended to serve as a guide for engineers responsible for selecting and maintaining cranes, crane systems, and crane components. This handbook uses, to th

8、e maximum extent feasible, national professional society, association, and institute standards in accordance with NAVFACENGCOM policy. Deviations from these criteria should not be made without prior approval of Navy Crane Center. Design cannot remain static any more than the functions it serves or t

9、he technologies it uses. Accordingly, recommendations for improvement are encouraged from within the Navy, other Government agencies, and the private sector and should be furnished on the DD Form 1426 provided inside the back cover to Director, Navy Crane Center, 10 Industrial Highway, Lester, PA 19

10、113-2090, phone (610) 595-0505. DO NOT USE THIS HANDBOOK AS A REFERENCE DOCUMENT FOR PROCUREMENT OF CRANES. DO NOT REFERENCE IT IN MILITARY OR FEDERAL SPECIFICATIONS OR OTHER PROCUREMENT DOCUMENTS. USE IT FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR THE DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION, AND INSTALLATION

11、OF CRANES. iii Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Manua 1 Activity P-307 P-355 MIL-HDBK-1002/2 MIL-HDBK-1005/6 MIL-HDBK-1025/1 MIL-HDBK-1025/6 MIL-HDBK-1029/1 MIL-HDBK-1029/3 MIL-HDBK-1038/3 MIL-HDBK-1038/5 MIL-HDBK-L038 9999970 027LL35

12、b9L II MIL-HDBK-1038 RELATED MANUALS AND INDUSTRY STANDARDS Title Management of Weight Handling Equipment Seismic Design for Buildings Loads Trackage Piers and wharves General Criteria for Waterfront Construction Graving Drydocks Drydocking Facilities Characteristics Yard Craft Towing Non Self-prope

13、lled Floating Structures - PA NAVFAC NAVFAC NAVFAC NORTHDIV LANTDIV LANTDIV NAVFAC NAWAC WESTDIV WESTDIV iv Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-flIL-HDBK-LO3B 9999970 0273336 528 W MIL-HDBK-1038 WEIGHT HANDLING EQUIPMENT CONTENTS Page . S

14、ection 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Scope 1 1.1.1 Definitions 1 1.1.2 Applicability to Older Cranes 1 1.1.3 Applicability to Standard Commercial Items . 1 1.2 Cancellation . 1 1.3 Related Criteria . 2 1.4 Purpose of Related Criteria 2 Section 2 2.1 2.1.1 2.1.2 2.1.3 2.2 2.2.1 2.2.2 2.2.3 2.2.4 2.3 2.3.1 2.3.1

15、1 2.3.1.2 2.3.2 2.3.3 2.4 2.4.1 2.4.2 2.4.3 2.5 2.5.1 2.5.2 2.5.3 2.6 2.6.1 2.6.2 2.6.3 2.7 2.7.1 2.7.2 2.7.3 2.8 2.8.1 2.8.2 2.8.3 MAIN CRANE TYPES Overhead Electric Traveling (OET) Cranes . 3 Distinctive Features . 3 Industry Standards . 3 Underrunning Cranes 5 Suspension Systems . 5 General Desc

16、ription 5 Distinctive Features . 6 Industry Standards . 6 Cantilever Cranes 8 General Description 3 General Description 8 Stationary . 8 Traveling . 10 Distinctive Features 10 Industry Standards 10 Portal Cranes . 10 General Description . 12 Distinctive Features 15 Industry Standards 15 Floating Cra

17、nes . 15 General Description . 15 Distinctive Features 18 Industry Standards 18 Container Cranes 18 General Description . 19 Distinctive Features 19 Industry Standards 19 Mobile Cranes . 22 General Description . 22 Distinctive Features 22 Industry Standards 22 Gantry and Semi-Gantry Cranes . 22 Gene

18、ral Description . 25 Distinctive Features 25 Industry Standards 25 Section 3 COMMERCIAL CRANES. MONORAIL HOISTS. AND LINE HANDLING MECHANISMS 3.1 Cranes 29 3.1.1 Locomotive Cranes . 29 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-LO3B E 9

19、999970 027LL37 464 MIL-HDBK-1038 Page 3.1.2 Pedestal and Revolving Gantry Cranes 29 3.2 Monorail Systems 29 3.3.1 Capstans 30 3.3.3 Winches . 30 3.3 Line Handling Mechanisms 29 3.3.2 Windlasses . 30 Section 4 DESCRIPTION OF ASSEMBLIES AND COMPONENTS 4.1 Structural 31 4.1.1 Bridge Girders for OET, Ga

20、ntry, and Semi-Gantry Cranes 31 4.1.1.1 Walkways 32 4.1.2 End Trucks and End Ties for OET Cranes 32 4.1.2.1 Wheel Base 32 4.1.3 Bridge Girder-End Tie/End Truck Connections for OET Cranes32 4.1.4 Trolley Frames for OET Cranes . 33 4.1.5 Bridge Girders for Underrunning Cranes 33 4.1.5.1 Outrigger Beam

21、s . 33 4.1.6 End Trucks 33 4.1.7 Runways for Underrunning Cranes . 33 4.1.7.1 Runway Suspension Systems . 35 4.1.7.2 Extensions and Transfer Sections . 35 4.1.8 Cantilevered Booms 35 4.1.9 Pillar Anchor Bolts . 36 4.1.10 Portal and Floating Crane Truss Booms . 36 4.1.11 Portal and Floating Crane Lat

22、tice Booms . 36 4.1.11.1 Struts 37 4.1.12 Container Crane Booms . 37 4.1.12.1 Boom and Main Beam Stays 37 4.1.13 Container Crane Main Beams 37 4.1.14 Mobile Crane Fixed Length Boom 38 4.1.14.1 Flying Jibs . 38 4.1.15 Mobile Crane Telescopic Booms . 38 4.1.16 A-Frames 38 4.1.17 Machinery Decks . 39 4

23、1.19 Gantries and Semi-Gantries 40 4.1.20 Floating Crane Tub Structures . 40 4.1.21 Portal Base, Gantry, and Tub Penetrations . 40 4.1.22 Machinery Houses and Outdoor Operators Cabs . 40 4.1.22.1 Open Cabs (for Indoor Cranes) . 41 4.1.23 Drive Foundations . 41 4.1.23.1 Diesel Engine-Electric Genera

24、tor Set Foundations 41 4.1.24 Counterweight . 41 4.1.25 Ballast . 41 4.1.26 Ladders, Walkways, Platforms, and Stairs 41 4.1.27 Structural Pins . 42 4.1.28 Maintenance Support Items . 42 4.1.29 Painting and Corrosion Protection . 43 4.1.29.1 Surface Preparation 43 4.1.18 Portal Bases 39 4.1.29.2 Pain

25、ts and Application 44 4.1.29.3 Cathodic Protection . 44 4.2 Structural-Mechanical . 45 4.2.1 Equalizer Bars 45 vi Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-L038 m 9999970 0271138 3T0 MIL-HDBK-1038 Page 4.2.2 Sheave and Equalizer Bar Fr

26、ames . 45 4.2.3 Boom Hinges . 45 4.2.4 Fleeting Sheave Pins 45 4.2.5 Center Steadiments 45 4.2.5.1 King Pins . 46 4.2.6 Roller Paths 46 4.2.6.1 Bent Rail Roller Paths 48 4.2.6.2 Cast Rail Roller Paths . -48 4.2.6.3 Rollers . 48 4.2.6.4 Roller Path Mounting 48 4.2.7 Rotate Bearings . 49 4.2.7.1 Rotat

27、e Bearing Mounting . 49 4.2.8 Travel Truck Equalizers . 51 4.2.9 Gudgeon Assemblies 51 4.2.9.1 Float Pins 54 4.2.9.2 Rocker Pins . 54 4.2.10 Travel Trucks . 54 4.2.11 Fasteners and Connections . 58 4.2.12 Wire Rope Pendants 58 4.2.13 Painting and Corrosion Protection . 58 4.3 Mechanical 59 4.3.1 Hoi

28、sts 59 4.3.1.1 Built-up Hoists . 59 4.3.1.2 Commercial Base/Deck Mounted Electric Hoists 60 4.3.1.3 Commercial Hydraulic Hoists . 60 4.3.1.4 Commercial Underhung Hoists -61 4.3.2 Travel Drives . 61 4.3.2.1 Bridge Travel Drives (on Walkways) 62 4.3.2.2 Bridge Travel Drives (Suspended) 62 4.3.2.3 Port

29、al and Gantry Travel Drives . 63 4.3.2.4 Wall and Semi-Gantry Cranes . 63 4.3.3 Trolley Drives 63 4.3.4 Portal and Floating Crane Rotate Drives . 64 4.3.4.1 Special Considerations 64 4.3.5 Micro-Drives 65 4.3.6 Assemblies and Components . 65 4.3.6.1 Definition of Standard Commercial Assemblies and I

30、tems 65 4.3.6.2 Gear Reducers . 65 4.3.6.3 Planetary Gear and Cycloidal Speed Reducers . 66 4.3.6.4 Pump Drives . 67 4.3.6.5 Open Gearing 67 4.3.6.6 Shafts, Axles, and Pins . 67 4.3.6.7 Couplings . 68 4.3.6.8 Special Couplings . 69 4.3.6.9 Bearings 69 4.3.6.10 Mounted Bearings 70 4.3.6.11 Bushings 7

31、0 4.3.6.12 Keys 71 4.3.6.13 Sheaves . 71 4.3.6.14 Travel Wheels . 71 4.3.6.15 Wire Rope Drums . 72 4.3.6.16 Wire Ropes 73 4.3.6.17 Wire Rope End Fittings 74 vi i Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-103B D 9999770 027LL39 237 D MI

32、L-HDBK-1038 Page 4.3.6.18 Hook Blocks . 74 4.3.6.19 Hooks . 75 4.3.6.20 Shaft Seals . 75 4.3.6.21 Bumpers . 76 4.3.6.22 End Stops . 76 4.3.6.23 Actuators . 76 4.3.6.24 Radius and Capacity Indicators 76 4.3.6.25 Spud Locks 77 4.3.6.26 Rotate Holding Brakes . 77 4.3.6.27 Ratchet and Pawl Mechanisms .

33、77 4.3.6.29 Shims . 78 4.3.6.31 Dowel Pins 79 4.3.6.33 Retainer (Snap) Rings . 79 4.3.6.28 Threaded Fasteners 78 4.3.6.30 Shear Bars 78 4.3.6.32 Cotter Pins . 79 4.3.6.34 Washers . 79 4.3.6.35 Setscrews . 79 4.3.6.36 Brake Wheels 81 4.3.6.38 Drive Heads . 81 4.3.6.40 Hydraulic Components and Assembl

34、ies . 81 4.3.6.41 Painting and Corrosion Protection . 82 4.4 Mechanical-Electrical . 82 4.4.1.1 Combination Hydraulic Shoe Brakes . 83 4.4.1.2 Electro-Hydraulic Shoe Brakes . 83 4.4.3 Caliper Disc Brakes . 84 4.4.3.1 Brake Flanges . 84 4.4.4 Band Brakes . 84 4.4.5.1 Toothed (Clutch) Couplings 85 4.3

35、6.37 Carrier Yokes . 81 4.3.6.39 Load Bars and Connecting Bars . 81 4.4.1 Shoe Brakes . 82 4.4.2 Disc Brakes . 83 4.4.5 Clutches 84 4.4.6 Gear Motors . 85 4.4.7 Painting and Corrosion Protection . 85 4.5 Electrical . 85 4.5.1 Crane Electrical Systems 85 4.5.2 DC Drive Motors . 86 4.5.2.1 Series-wou

36、nd Motor Drives . 86 4.5.2.2 Shunt-wound Motor Drives 87 4.5.2.3 Compound-Wound Motor Drives . 87 4.5.3 DC Drive Electrical Braking/Speed Limiting 87 4.5.3.1 Plugging 87 4.5.3.2 Emergency Dynamic Braking . 88 4.5.3.3 Speed Limiting 88 4.5.4 AC Drive Motors . 88 4.5.4.1 Squirrel Cage Motor Drives 88

37、4.5.4.2 Wound-Rotor Motor Drives 89 4.5.5 AC Drives Electrical Braking/Speed Modulating . 90 4.5.5.1 Plugging 90 4.5.5.2 Emergency Dynamic Braking . 90 4.5.5.3 Reduced Voltage Operating Modes . 90 viii Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-

38、MIL-HDBK-LO3B MIL-HDBK-1038 Page 4.5.6 Ancillary Systems . 90 4.5.7 Facility Power Sources 90 4.5.7.1 Shore Power Operation . 91 4.5.8 Main Diesel Engine-Generator Sets . 91 4.5.8.2 Generators 92 4.5.8.3 Auxiliary Generators 92 4.5.8.4 Mounting and Installation . 92 4.5.8.5 Instrumentation . 92 4.5.

39、8.6 Alarm and Shutdown Systems 93 4.5.9 Auxiliary Diesel Engine-Generator Sets 93 4.5.9.1 Instrumentation . 93 4.5.10 Motor-Generator Sets 93 4.5.10.1 Motors 93 4.5.10.2 Generators 93 4.5.10.3 Mounting 94 4.5.11 Motors 94 4.5.11.1 Mill Motors . 94 4.5.11.2 Industrial Motors . 94 4.5.11.3 Nameplate D

40、ata 94 4.5.11.4 Anti-Condensation Heaters . 95 4.5.12 Control Equipment . 95 4.5.13 Contactors and Relays . 95 4.5.14 Conductors 96 4.5.14.1 Insulation . 96 4.5.15 Raceways 96 4.5.16 Resistors . 97 4.5.16.1 Wirewound . 97 4.5.16.2 Edgewound . 97 4.5.16.3 Grid Type . 97 4.5.17 Electronic Voltage Conv

41、ersion Units . 97 4.5.18 Transformers 97 4.5.18.1 Step-Down Transformers 97 4.5.18.2 Isolation Transformers 98 4.5.19 Eddy-Current Brakes . 98 4.5.20 Electrification Systems . 98 4.5.20.1 Rigid Conductor Systems . 98 4.5.20.2 Festooned Conductor Systems . 99 4.5.20.3 Cable Reel Systems 99 4.5.21 Con

42、trol Panel Enclosures 99 4.5.22.1 Motion/Position Limits (for OET, Gantry, and . 100 4.5.22.2 Motion/Position Limits (for Portal and Floating Cranes) 100 4.5.22.3 Other Portal and Floating Crane Applications . 101 4.5.8.1 Diesel Engines 91 4.5.14.2 Gauges 96 4.5.20.4 Collector Ring Assemblies . 99 4

43、5.22 Limit Switches . 100 Semi-Gantry Cranes) 4.5.22.4 Condition Limits . 101 4.5.23 Protective Devices . 101 4.5.23.1 Feeder Protection 102 4.5.23.3 Motor Protection . 103 4.5.23.2 Motor Branch Circuit Protection 102 4.5.23.4 Control Circuit Protection . 103 ix Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo repr

44、oduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-NIL-HDBK-LO3B m 9999970 027114L 995 m MIL-HDBK-1038 Page 4.5.23.5 Transformer Protection . 103 4.5.23.6 Ancillary Circuit Protection . 103 4.5.24 Illumination . 103 4.5.24.1 Crane Passageways and Spaces . 103 4.5.24.2 Hook Load 104 4.5.24

45、3 Work Area 104 4.5.24.4 Aircraft Warning . 104 4.5.25 Operators Controls 104 4.5.25.1 Pendent Pushbutton Station . 104 4.5.25.2 Master Switches 105 4.5.25.3 Radio Controls . 105 4.5.25.4 Infrared Controls 105 4.5.26 Radio Frequency Links 106 4.5.26.1 RF Link Gauges . 106 4.5.27 Grounding and Bondi

46、ng 106 4.5.27.1 AC System Grounding 106 4.5.27.2 DC System Grounding 108 4.5.27.3 Bonding 108 4.5.27.4 Drum Grounding . 108 4.5.27.5 Grounding Through the Electrification System . 108 4.5.27.6 Lightning Protection . 108 4.5.28 Reduced Voltage Starters . 108 4.5.29 Attached Safety Systems and Devices

47、 108 4.5.29.1 Load Indicating Devices 109 4.5.29.2 Load-Moment Indicating Systems . 110 4.5.29.3 Anti-Two-Block Devices . 110 4.5.29.4 Additional Requirements 110 4.5.29.5 Wind Speed Indicating Systems . 110 4.5.30 Painting and Corrosion Protection 110 Section 5 5.1 5.1.1 5.1.1.1 5.1.1.2 5.1.1.3 5.1

48、1.4 5.1.1.5 5.1.1.6 5.1.1.7 5.1.1.8 5.1.2 5.1.2.1 5.1.2.2 5.1.2.3 5.1.2.4 5.1.2.5 5.1.2.6 5.1.2.7 5.1.2.8 5.1.3 5.1.3.1 5.1.3.2 DESIGN CRITERIA Structural . 111 Structural Design Loads 111 Dead Load 111 Rated Load . 111 Impact . 111 Wind Load 112 Acceleration and Deceleration Forces . 113 Spreading

49、 and Squeezing Forces . 113 Additional Loads on Floating Cranes 114 Seismic Forces . 114 Design of Structural Components 114 OET Cranes . 115 Underrunning Cranes 115 Cantilever Cranes 115 Portal Cranes 115 Floating Cranes 118 Container Cranes . 119 Mobile Cranes 121 Gantry and Semi-Gantry Cranes 122 Stability 122 Portal Cranes 122 Floating Cranes 123 X Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or netw