NAVY MIL-HDBK-1164-1997 OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE OF WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS《给水系统的操作和维修》.pdf

1、MIL-HDBK-LI64 9999970 0263382 156 W I INCH-POUND I MIL-HDBK-1164 3 MARCH 1997 SUPERSEDING AFR 91-26, TM 5-660, AND NAVFAC MO- 2 1 O 30 AUGUST 1984 DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE HANDBOOK OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE OF WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS AMSC N/A AREA FACR DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved for public releas

2、e; distribution is unlimited. Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-1164 ABSTRACT This handbook provides technical guidance for operating and maintaining water supplies, treatment plants, storage facilities, and distribution system

3、s at military installations and applies to all personnel responsible for operating and maintaining fixed- base water systems. Topics covered include water sources, unit processes of water treatment, pumping, distribution and storage, valves and hydrants, meters, instrumentation and control, cross-co

4、nnection control and backflow prevention, general maintenance, swimming pool operation, and safety and health. Administrative issues, new technology, and current water supply regulations, as well as information and details not directly related to operation and maintenance of water systems, are inclu

5、ded by reference to the latest edition of industry standards, handbooks, and manuals of practice. MIL-HDBK-1164 replaces AFR 91-26, TM 5-660, and NAVFAC MO-210. ii Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-1164 This handbook is approve

6、d for use by all Departments and Agencies of the Department of Defense. It is intended to guide the reader in the operation and maintenance of water supply systems. Beneficial comments (recommendations, additions, deletions) and any pertinent data which may be of use in improving this document shoul

7、d be addressed through major commands to: Air Force: HQ AFCESA/CESC, 139 Barnes Dr., Suite 1, Tyndall AFB, FL 32403-5319 Army: U.S. Army Center for Public Works, ATTN: CECPW-ES, 7701 Telegraph Rd., Alexandria, VA 22315-3862 Navy: Commander, NAVFACENGCOM, Criteria Office, 1510 Gilbert St., Norfolk, V

8、A 23511-2699 iii Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,- MIL-HDBK-1164 9999970 0263385 965 MIL-HDBK- 1164 TKI S PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK v Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,

9、Section Section Section MIL-HDBK-1164 OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE OF WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS 1 1.1 I . 2 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 3 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.3.1 3.3.2 3.3.3 3.3.4 3.3.4.1 3.3.4.2 3.3.4.3 3.3.4.4 3.4 3.4.1 3.4.2 3.4.3 3.4.4 3.5 3.5.1 3.5.2 3.5.3 CONTENTS Page I NT RO DU CT I ON Scope of Handbook . 1 Organ

10、ization of Handbook . 1 APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS Basic List . 3 Supplemental List 3 Optional List 7 Military Publications . 8 UTI LlW MANAGEMENT Scope of This Section 10 References 10 Elements of a Water Supply System . Il Water Supply Sources . 11 Water Treatment 11 Water Distribution 12 Pumping . 12 W

11、ell Pumps . 12 Low-Lift Pump Stations 12 High-Service Pump Stations 12 Water Utility Staffing 13 Personnel Requirements . 13 Scheduling Personnel 14 Certification . 14 Training . 14 Information Management . 14 Operating Records 15 Pressure Regulating Stations 13 Daily Logs 15 MORS . 15 V Provided by

12、 IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-1164 Pacie 3.5.4 3.5.5 3.5.6 3.5.7 3.5.8 3.5.9 3.6 3.6.1 3.6.2 3.6.3 3.6.4 3.7 3.7.1 3.7.2 3.8 Section 4 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.5.1 4.5.2 4.5.2.1 4.5.2.2 4.5.2.3 4.5.2.4 4.5.2.5 4.5.3 4.5.3.1 4.5.3.2 4.5.3

13、3 Annual Reports 16 Distribution System Maps and Records . 16 Well Records . 16 Laboratory Reports 16 Maintenance 16 Cost Accounting 17 Emergency Planning 17 Fire Protection . 17 Natural Disasters . 17 Man-Made Disasters 17 Vulnerability Assessment 17 Regulations Affecting Water Systems . 18 EPA Re

14、gulations . 18 Federal Regulatory Information . 18 Water Conservation . 18 WATER SUPPLY Section Overview . 19 References 19 Water Supply Hydrology 20 Water Use . 20 Groundwater Supplies . 20 Aquifer Performance 20 Well Operation 20 Balancing the Pumping Schedule 20 Operating Well Pumps 22 Measuring

15、Water Levels and Drawdown . 22 Checking for Safe Pumping Yield 24 Disinfecting Wells 24 Well Maintenance and Rehabilitation 27 Cleaning Well Screens 27 Repairing Well Screens . 37 Maintaining Specific Well Types . 37 vi Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without lic

16、ense from IHS-,-,- MIL-HDBK-LLbY 9999970 0263388 b7q MIL-HDBK-1164 Page 4.5.3.4 4.5.3.5 4.5.3.6 4.5.4 4.5.4.1 4.5.5 4.5.6 4.6 4.6.1 4.6. I . 1 4.6.1.2 4.6.1.3 4.6.2 4.6.2.1 4.6.2.2 4.6.2.3 4.6.3 4.6.3. I 4.6.3.2 4.6.4 4.7 4.7.1 4.7.2 4.7.3 4.7.4 Section 5 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.4.1 Maintaining Springs .

17、40 Maintaining Radial Wells . 40 Maintaining Infiltration Galleries 40 Protection of Groundwater Supplies 40 Protection against Contamination through Improper Operation 40 Well Records . 41 Abandonment of Wells 41 Surface Water Supplies . 41 Dams and Spillways 43 Concrete and Masonry Dams 43 Earth a

18、nd Rockfill Dams 43 S pi I I w ay s 44 Reservoirs . 44 Water Quality Control 44 Silt Removal 44 Control of Nuisance Organisms . 45 Intakes . 45 Operation . 45 Maintenance 45 Low-Lift Pumps 46 Water Quality . 46 Physical Characteristics 46 Chem i ca I Characteristics . 46 Biological Characteristics 4

19、6 Radiological Characteristics 46 WATER TREATMENT Water Treatment 48 References 48 Treating Water at the Source 49 Unit Treatment Processes . 50 Preliminary Treatment . 50 vii Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-1164 5.4.2 5.4.3

20、5.4.4 5.4.5 5.4.6 5.4.7 5.4.8 5.4.9 5.4.1 O 5.4.1 1 5.4.1 2 5.4.13 5.5 5.6 5.6.1 5.6.2 5.6.2. I 5.6.2.2 5.6.3 5.6.3.1 5.6.3.2 5.6.3.3 5.7 5.8 5.9 5.9.1 5.9.2 5.9.3 5.9.3.1 5.9.3.2 5.9.3.3 5.9.3.4 5.9.4 Coagulation and Flocculation 50 Sedimentation Basins and Clarifiers 50 Filtration . 51 Disinfectio

21、n 51 Fluoridation 51 Control of Corrosion and Scaling 52 Iron and Manganese Control . 52 Lime Softening . 52 Ion Exchange Processes . 53 Adsorption . 53 Aeration . 53 Membrane Processes . 53 Taste and Odor Control . 53 Controlling Organic Chemicals 54 Pesticides GroupTreatment . 54 VOCs Group 55 Sou

22、rces of VOCs . 55 Treatment 55 DBPs Group . 55 Sources of DBPs . 55 Treatment 56 State Approval of Treatment 57 Treatment Plant Instrumentation and Control (lac) . 57 Chemicals and Chemical Application 58 Water Treatment Plant Residues 58 Disposal Methods 58 Recovery Processes 70 Ultimate Disposal .

23、 70 Discharge to Sanitary Sewer . 70 Landfill . 71 Lagoons . 71 Land Spreading of Lime Sludge 71 Laboratory Control Tests . 71 viii Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,- MIL-HDBK-1164 H 9999970 0263390 222 H 5.9.5 5.10 5.11 Section 6 6.1 6

24、2 6.3 6.4 6.4.1 6.4.2 6.4.2.1 6.4.2.2 6.4.3 6.4.4 6.4.5 6.4.5.1 6.4.5.2 6.4.5.3 6.5 6.5.1 6.5.1.1 6.5.1.2 6.5.1.3 6.5.1.4 6.5.1.5 6.5.1.6 6.5.1.7 6.5.1.8 MIL-HDBK-1164 Page Maintaining Records 72 Desalination . 72 Water Sampling and Analysis . 72 PUMPS AND DRIVERS Section Overview . 73 References 7

25、3 Pumps 73 Operation of Pumps . 74 General Operating Instructions for Centrifugal Pumps 75 Troubleshooting Centrifugal Pumps 75 Cavitation Problems 75 Causes of Cavitation . 75 Operating Instructions for Ejector (Jet) Pumps . 85 Operating Instructions for Progressive Cavity Pumps . 86 Operating Inst

26、ructions for Rotary- and Reciprocating-Displacement Pumps . 86 Prestart 87 Starting and Operating 87 Operating Precautions . 87 Pump Maintenance 87 for Centrifugal Pumps 87 Packing 88 Sealing Water Systems . 91 Rotary Seals 91 Shafts and Shaft Sleeves 91 Wearing or Sealing Rings . 95 Impeller 95 Cas

27、ing Maintenance 99 Maintenance Procedures Lubrication . 87 ix Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-3364 7799970 0263393 369 H MIL-HDBK-1164 Page 6.5.1.9 6.5.1.1 O 6.5.2 6.5.2.1 6.5.2.2 6.5.2.3 6.5.2.4 6.5.2.5 6.5.3 6.5.3.1 6.5.3.2

28、 6.5.4 6.5.4.1 6.5.4.2 6.5.4.3 6.5.4.4 6.5.4.5 6.5.4.6 6.5.5 6.5.5.1 6.5.5.2 6.5.5.3 6.5.5.4 6.6 6.6.1 6.6.1.1 6.6.1.2 6.7 6.7.1 Pump Shutdown . 99 Overhaul Procedures . 99 Rotary-Displacement Pumps . 100 Clearances 100 Packing 100 Bearings and Alignment 100 Checklist Items 100 Painting 100 Reciproc

29、ating-Displacement Pumps., 100 Calculations . 1 00 Pump Inspection 101 Sludge Pumps . 101 Reciprocating Sludge Pumps 101 Reciprocating Sludge Pumps 102 Sludge Pumps . 102 Sludge Pumps . 103 Sludge Pumps . 103 Well Pumps . 103 Reciprocating Well Pumps 106 Ejector Pumps 106 Starting a New Well Pump .

30、107 Pump Drivers . 107 Electric Motors . 107 Maintenance 107 Gasoline and Diesel Engines 107 Accessories . 116 Belt Drives . 116 Packing Procedures for Bearings and Gear Transmission for Shear Pins in Reciprocating Ball Valves in Reciprocating Eccentrics in Reciprocating Progressive-Cavity Sludge Pu

31、mps 103 Centrifugal Well Pumps . 103 X Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-1164 70 0263392 OT5 MIL-HDBK- 11 6 4 6.7.1.1 6.7.1.2 6.7.2 6.7.3 6.7.4 6.7.4.1 6.7.4.2 6.8 6.9 6.9.1 6.9.2 Section 7 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.3.1 7.3.2 7.3.2.1 7.3.2

32、2 7.3.2.3 7.3.2.4 7.3.2.5 7.3.2.6 7.3.2.7 7.3.2.8 7.3.3 7.3.4 7.4 7.4.1 7.4.1. I Installing Belts . 116 Checking Tension 117 Right-Angle Gear Drives 117 O the latest edition of each is recommended for inclusion in the library of all fixed-base water systems. Basic List. Publications included in the

33、 basic list provide general 2.1 .I Principles and Practices of Water Supply Operations Series: Basic Science Concepts and Applications (AWWA) 2.1.2 Principles and Practices of Water Supply Operations Series: Water Qualitv (AWWA) 2.1.3 Principles and Practices of Water Supply Operations Series: Water

34、 Sources (AWWA) 2.1.4 Principles and Practices of Water Supply Operations Series: Water Transmission and Distribution (AWWA) 2.1.5 Principles and Practices of Water SUDPIY Operations Series: Water Treatment (AWWA) 2.2 Supplemental List. The supplemental list of references contains information on top

35、ics that do not apply to every installation. To the extent that the listed references do apply to an installations water system, the latest editions of those selected publications are recommended for inclusion in the water utilitys library. The single-topic references included in the supplemental li

36、st generally contain more detailed information than is found in references in the basic list. 2.2.1 Manual of Water Supplv Practices: Automation and Instrumentation (AWWA M2) 2.2.2 Manual of Water Supply Practices: Safety Practices for Water Utilities (AWWA M3) 2.2.3 Manual of Water Supply Practices

37、 Water Fluoridation Principles and Practices (AWWA M4) 2.2.4 Manual of Water Supply Practices: Water Utility Management Practices (AWWA M5) 2.2.5 Installation, Testing and Maintenance (AWWA M6) Manual of Water SupIy Practices: Water Meters- Selection, 3 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction

38、or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-1164 2.2.6 Manual of Water Supply Practices: Problem Organisms in Water- Identification and Treatment (AWWA M7) 2.2.7 2.2.8 Installation (AWWA MI I) 2.2.9 Manual of Water Supply Practices: Simplified Procedures for Water Examination (AWWA

39、 M 12) 2.2.1 o Manual of Water SUDPIV Practices: Recommended Practice for Backflow Prevention and Cross-Connection Control (AWWA M 14) 2.2.1 I Manual of Water Supply Practices: Installation. Field Testina. and Maintenance of Fire Hydrants (AWA MI 7) 2.2.1 2 Manual of Water Supply Practices: Emergenc

40、y Planning for Water Utility Manaaement (AWWA M 19) 2.2.13 Manual of Water Supplv Practices: Chlorination Principles and Practices (AWWA M20) 2.2.14 2.2.15 Meters (AWWA M22) 2.2.16 (AWWA M23) 2.2.17 2.2.18 Manual of Water SUDPIV Practices: Flexible-Membrane Covers and Linings for Potable Water Reser

41、voirs (AWWA M25) 2.2.1 9 Manual of Water Supplv Practices: External Corrosion-Introduction to Chemistrv and Control (AWWA M27) 2.2.20 (AWWA M28) 2.2.21 Manual of Water Supply Practices: Precoat Filtration (AWA M30) Manual of Water Supply Practices: Concrete Pressure Pipe (AWWA M9) Manual of Water Su

42、pply Practices: Steel Pipe-A Guide for Desian and Manual of Water Supply Practices: Groundwater (AWWA M21) Manual of Water Supply Practices: Sizing Water Service Lines and Manual of Water Supply Practices: PVC Pipe Design and Installation Manual of Water Supply Practices: Dual Water Systems (AWWA M2

43、4) Manual of Water Supply Practices: Cleaning and Lininq Water Mains 4 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-1164 2.2.22 Manual of Water Supply Practices: Distribution System Requirements for Fire Protection (AWWA M31) 2.2.23 Manua

44、l of Water Supolv Practices: Distribution Network Analysis for Water Utilities (AWWA M32) 2.2.24 M33) Manual of Water Supply Practices: Flow Meters in Water Supply (AWWA 2.2.25 (AWWA M36) Manual of Water Supply Practices: Water Audits and Leak Detection 2.2.26 Manual of Water Supplv Practices: Opera

45、tional Control of Coaqulation and Filtration Processes (AWWA M37) 2.2.27 Manual of Water Supply Practices: Electrolydialysis and Electrodialysis Reversal (AWWA M38) 2.2.28 Manual of Water Supply Practices: Reverse Osmosis and Nanofiltration (AWWA M40) 2.2.29 M41) Manual of Water Supply Practices: Du

46、ctile-Iron Pipe Fittings (AWWA 2.2.30 Manual of Water SupIv Practices: Distribution Valves- Selection Installation, Field Testing, and Maintenance (AWWA M44) 2.2.31 University, Sacramento Foundation) Small Water System Operation and Maintenance (California State 2.2.32 University, Sacramento Foundat

47、ion) Water Distribution System Operation and Maintenance (California State 2.2.33 Sacramento Foundation) Water Treatment Plant Operation. Volume 1 (California State University, 2.2.34 Sacramento Foundation) Water Treatment Plant Operation, Volume 2 (California State University, 2.2.35 AWWA Standard

48、for Vertical Turbine Pumps: Line Shaft and Submersible Types (AWWA EIOI) 2.2.36 2.2.37 AWWA Standard for Water Wells (ANSVAWA AI 00) Centrifugal Pumps and Motors: Operation and Maintenance (AWWA) 5 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-2.2.38 2.2.39 2.2.40 2.2.41 2.2.42 2.2.43 2.2.44 Fa cil ties 2.2.45 MIL-HDBK-1164 The Complete Swimming Pool Reference (Mosby-Year Book, Inc.) Cross-Connection and Backflow Prevention (AWWA) Disinfecting Water Mains (AWWA Standard C651-92) Distribution System Maintenance Techniques (AWWA) Drinking