NAVY MIL-HDBK-2124-2000 FLIGHT DATA RECORDER FUNCTIONAL STANDARDS FOR《飞行数据记录器的功能标准》.pdf

1、Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-sTD-2124A.Paragraph1.1.11.21.32.2.12.1.13.3.13.23.33.43.53.63.73.83.93.104.4.14.1.14.1.24.1.34.24.2.14.2.1.14.2.1.24.2.24.2.34.2.3.14.34.3.14.3.24.44.54.65*5.15.25.2.15.35.45.55.6CONTENTSSCOPE .*.*.

2、*A*.*.*.*Scope Application Aircraft categories REFERENCED”DOCUMENTS , a71 .a71 a71 . a71 a71 *. a71 . . . *. .60,0. . . .Government documents Specifications,standards and handbooks DEFINITIONS a71 a71 a71 .*a71 a71 a71 a71 a71 .a71 .,a71 a71 a71 a71Audio data .i.Sensor parameter.dataFlight incident

3、data Flight Data Recorder (FDR) .Deployable module Bus InterfaceUnit/Aircraft InterfaceUnit(BIU/AI a71 a71 .a71 *a71 a71 .*.a71 .a71 .a71Baseline data Special event data .Maintenance data .Data Storage Unit (DSU) .0*GENEFML REQUIREMENTS .a71 .a71 . a71 . . . . .*. a71 .* a71 a71 a71 a71 * a71General

4、 Flight Data Recorder requirements Parameter groups .FDR power requirements .FDR functional requirements Data storage capacity Data compression .Data encryption Recorded data .Data recovery Data recovery software .Deployable module .a71 a71 *.*.a71 a71 a71 a71 .*.a71 a71 .Radio beacon .Visualmarker

5、BIU/AIU .a71 .a71 . . . a71 . . . a71 . a71 . . . . . a71 . , . a71 * . .*. . . . a71 .Built-in test requirements .System safety requirements .DETAILED REQUIREMENTS a71 *.a71 *a71 a71 .a71 *a71 .a71 a71Flight data characteristics Flight Data Recorder (FDR) system activation .Automatic cessation of r

6、ecording .Environmentalrequirements .Crash survivability (memoryonly) *.Reliability/maintainabilityFDR system error rate Page11112223333333334444444555555555666:677iiProvided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-TableI.II.III.Iv.v.VI.VII.MIL-STD-21

7、24ACategory I parameter groups - fixed wingmulti-engine aircraft 8Category 11 parameter groups - fixed wingfighter/attack/trainer(F/A/T) .*a71 .a71 a71 0.* 11Category 111 parameter groups - rotary wingaircraft . 14Category IV parameter groups - VSTOL aircraft 16Typical discrete parameter groups 19Ty

8、pical parameter sensor types . 20FDR deployable module ejection sensors . 20I/ iiiProvided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-I“MIL-STD-2124A1. SCOPE1.1 Scope. This standard establishes the functional characteristicsof a DOD airborne Flight Data

9、Recorder (FDR)used for flight incidentsmishap, or crash analysis, and the parameters required to be recorded.Other uses of the FDR, such as aircraft maintenance, shall be as directedby the acquiring activity.1.2 Application. The requirements of this standard are intended toapply to all military airc

10、raft required to record flight data needed foranalysis in the event of a flight incident,mishap or crash. Data shallbe recorded in either a deployable non-volatilememory or a crash-hardenednon-volatilememory for recovery and analysis. The deployablemodule (orairfoil) containing the memory shall be e

11、jected from the host aircraftbefore or upon crash impact. The crash-hardenedunit shall remain withthe aircraft in its installed position in the most survivable portion ofthe aircraft.1.3 Aircraft categories. This standard for FDR requirements shallapply to the following four broad categories of airc

12、raft, each charac-terizedby its field service applications:Category I Fixed wing, multi-engine aircraft.Includes ASW and cargo aircraft.Category IT Fixed wing, fighter/attack/trainer(F/A/T)aircraft.Category 111 Rotary wing-aircraft.Category IV Vertical and short take-off and landing(VSOL)aircraft.2*

13、 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS2.1 Government documents.2.1.1 Specifications,standards and handbooks. Unlessotherwise specif”ed,the following specifications,standards andhandbooks of the issue listed in the currentDepartment of Defense Indexof Specificationsand Standads (DoDISS)and the supplement thereto (ifa

14、pplicable), form a part of this standard to the extent specifiedherein.SPECIFICATIONMilitary :1MIL-E-5400 Electronic Equipment,Airborne, GeneralSpecificationfor ,Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-STD-2124A.,SMNDARDSMilitaryMIL-STD-4

15、61MIL-STD-462MIL-STD-454MIL-STD-470MIL-STD-471MIL-STD-781MIL-STD-785MIL-STD-81OMIL-STD-882MIL-STD-1553OTHER PUBLICATIONSFederalFIPS-46,Electromagnetic InterferenceCharacteristics,Requirements for EquipmentElectromagnetic InterferenceCharacteristics,Measurement ofStandard, General Requirements for El

16、ectronicEquipmentMaintainability Program Requirements (ForSystems and Equipment)Maintainability DemonstrationReliability Tests: ExponentialDistributionReliability Program for Systems and EquipmentDevelopment and ProductionEnvironmentalTest MethodsSystem Safety Program RequirementsAircraft Internal T

17、ime Division Command/ResponseMultiplex Data BusData Encryption Standard(Copiesof specifications,standards, handbooks, drawings and publicationsrequired by contractors in connection with specific acquisition functionsshould be obtained from the acquiring activity or as directedby thecontracting offic

18、er.)3. DEFINITIONS3.1 Audio data. Any voice communicationsamong flight crew, radiocommunications to/from the aircraft, or cockpit area sounds. These datausually are generated in analog form, but may be converted to digitalform as appropriate for recording purposes.3.2 Sensor parameter data. Data der

19、ived from gensing devicesattached to, or a part of, avionic and airframe equipment. These sensordevices generate signals used to determine the status of the equipment towhich they are connected, and to monitor the aircraft flightdynamics.Table VI lists the common parameter sensor types.2Provided by

20、IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-STD-2124A3.3 Flight incident data. Any data that assist in determining thecause of a flight incident,mishap, or crash. For the purpose of thisstandard, flight incident data shall consist of the audio and sensor

21、parameter data that are monitored and recorded in the host aircraft forsubsequentanalysis.3.4 FlightData Recorder (FDR). The unit or units that receive andconditionaircraft signals, process the gathered information,and retain(s)the information on a non-volatile storage medium.3.5 Deployable module.

22、The radio beacon, visual marker, and theremovableFDR memory.3.6 Bus Interface Unit/Aiicraft InterfaceUnit (BIU/AIU). Theportion of the FDR that interface(s)with the MIL-STD-1553 or-othermultiplex data bus and/or conditions sensor parameter data prior toprocessing and storage in the FDR.3.7 Baseline

23、data. Data recorded at the beginning of aircraftflight, to be used for referencing all other data recorded during flight.3.8 Special event data. Data stored in write protectedmemoryidentifiedupon exceeding specified limits, such as airframe overstress.3.9 Maintenance data. Data recordedandstored for

24、 use as directedby the acquiring activity. This includes data such as special events,tolerance-problems,life-historyand the like which occur during theentiremission.3.10 Data Storage Unit (DSU). Memory locationwhich stores mainte-nance,.mission or logisticsmanagement data but does not necessarilysto

25、re data pertinent to flight incidents,mishaps or crash. Aircraftlocation for this memory module for accessibilityshall be as directed bythe acquiring activity.4. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS4.1 General. The purpose of the Flight Data Recorder is to recordthe data necessary to assist in flight incident,misha

26、p, crash analysisas directedby the acquiring activity,maintenance,mission or logisticsmanagement. The data required to provide this informationshall berecorded at a rate and for a time duration needed to reconstruct theevents prior to and including the incident or mishap under investigation.Because

27、engine, airframe, and flight dynamic sensor parameters andmission characteristicsdiffer among aircraft types or categories,asingle set of requirements suitable for all aircraft categories isprecluded. Therefore; only typical parameters for various aircraftcategorieshave been defined.3Provided by IHS

28、Not for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-IMIL-STD-2124AI4.1.1 Flight Data Recorder requirements. Requirements for FlightData Recorders are based primarily on the need for data recovery when thehost aircraft crashes or is lost at sea. The recovered FDR data i

29、sintended to provide sufficient information to deduce the cause of theincident, or crash. A secondary requirement, as directed by theacquiring activity, is for data recovery of informationwhich is relatedto maintenance, mission or logisticsmanagement. Depending upon theusual missions of the aircraft

30、, a Type I or Type II crash survivablememory shall be installed to record aircraft parameters. The Type Imemory shall be part of a deployable Crash Position Locator (CPL)packageto assist in search and rescue as well as improve the survivabilityofstored data. The Type 11 memory shall be crash hardene

31、d and fireproofedto withstand crash impact and resultant fire.4.1.2 Parameter groups. The flight parameters are organized intothe following generalized groups for analysis purposes:a. Flight profile.b. Flight control systems:1. Flight controlposition.2. Crew input.3. Secondary control systems.c. Air

32、craft subsystems:1. Engine(s).2. Hydraulic.3. Electrical.4. Other.d. Non-flight parameters.4.1.3 FDR power requirements. The FDR shall be designed to useminimal power supplied from an essential power bus to insure continuousrecording.4.2 FDR functional requirements. The FDR shall be designed torecei

33、ve sensor parameter data from a multiplex data bus and/or aircraftsensors. Provisions for recording audio data shall be as specifiedbythe acquiring activity or detailed equipment specification.4.2.1 Data storagecapacity. The FDR shall have the capacity torecord a minimum of the last 15 minutes of se

34、nsor parameter data. Thecapability of storing special event data and that baseline data for thecurrent flight in write protected memory shall be provided.4.2.1.1 Data compression. Compressionof data shall be permittedas long as accuracy and time correlation are maintained. Detailed datacompression r

35、equirements shall be specifiedby the acquiring,activity ordetail specification.4.2.1.2 Data encryption. Data encryption in accordancewithFIPS-46 prior to storage shall be as required by the acquiringactivity.4Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from I

36、HS-,-,-4.2.2 Recorded data. Multiplexing techniquesmay be used tocombine all parameters. A means of synchronizingaudio data, whenrecorded,with sensor parameter data shall be provided.4.2.3 Data recovery. For data recovery purposes, the FDR memoryunit(s) shall be capable of interfacingwith standard a

37、c”cidentrecorder1 anaysis center equipment and recovery equipment required to supportmaintenance,mission or logistic purposes as directed by the acquiringactivity. Commercial and/or military standards shall be used in thedesign of mechanical, electrical, and data formats. As a design objec-tive, con

38、siderationshould be given to the possible need to extract dataat the ShopReplaceableAssembly (SRA)or component level from a damagedFDR.4.2.3.1 Data recovery software. The software program to decode/decompress the stored FDR data shall be considered a deliverable alongwith the FDR hardware.4.3 Deploy

39、able module. The deployable airfoil module that containsthe“deployableFDR memory, radio beacon and visual marker shall befloatableand provide fire and impact protection for the FDR memory,radio beacon and visual marker. This module shall incorporatea secon-dary means that facilitateslocationtape,“co

40、ating). Deployment shall besensors as listed in Table VII.4.3.1 Radio beacon. The radiodeployed fom the host aircraft, andpattern.after deployment (i.e.reflectiveaccomplishedby means of ejectionbeacon shall be activated upon beingshall radiate an omnidirectional4.3.2 Visual marker. Where space,permi

41、ts a visual marker consistingof a strobe light shall be activated upon being deployed from the hostaircraft. The pattern shall approximate omnidirectional.4.4 BIU/AIU. The interfacebetween the FDR, the aircraft sensors,and the multiplex data bus shall be provided by a BIU/AIU. The BIU/AIUshall conta

42、in the processing capability necessary to receive data fromthe multiplex data bus, and to receive and conditionaudio and sensorparameter data for transmissionto the memory. Signal conditioningofsensor parameter data not on a multiplex data bus shall be accomplishedin the BIU/AIU.4.5 Built-in test re

43、quirements. The FDR system shall have automaticbuilt-in test and fault isolation capabilities.4.6 System safety requirements. The FDRsystem shall be designedto meet the safety requirementsof MIL-STD-882 and MIL-STD-454 (Require-ment 1).5Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking perm

44、itted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-STD-2124A5. DETAILED REQUIREMENTS5.1 Flight data characteristics. Typical tiatato be recorded forvarious aircraft categories shall be as listed in Tables I through V.The parameters are described in terms of range, accuracy, and sample rate(if applicable). Aircr

45、aft characteristicsshould be reviewed to determineadditional parameter requirements. The listed parameter characteristicsof the data tobe recorded are based on sensor capabilities. Therefore,the required accuracies and sampling rates shall be reviewed for indi-vidual applications. The order in which

46、 the parameters are grouped isintended to demonstrate their relative importance for incident analysispurposes. Parameters within groups are not prioritized. Although motparameters are common to all aircraft categories or types, their charac-teristics and availability for recordationmay vary. )-5.2 F

47、light Data Recorder (FDR) system activation. The FDR shallbegin operating as soon as aircraft power is applied and continue untilpower is removed, or as required by the detail specification.5.2.1 Automatic cessation of recording. Means shall be provided inthe FDR to automatically prevent the recorde

48、r from continuingto recordor destroy informationwhen the aircraft conditions are such that con-tinued unpowered flight or self-poweredtaxi is not possible, and FDRinput powerremains active. (For example: Airspeed below 50 knots, andaltitude constant, and engine speed below 15%.) Continued recording

49、ispermissible beyond the above conditions,providing not more than theoldest 33% of the data in memory is destroyed.5.3 Environmental requirements. The FDR shall satisfy the require-ments of MIL-E-5400 for Class 2 equipment using thespecified testmethods of MIL-STD-81O and MIL-STD-461/462. Detailed environmental testrequirements shall be specifiedby the acquiring activity or detai