NAVY MIL-HDBK-272 A-1993 NUCLEAR WEAPONS SYSTEMS SAFETY DESIGN AND EVALUATION CRITERIA FOR《核武器气筒的安全设计及评估标准》.pdf

1、! MIL-HDBK-272A H 9999970 0173108 599 _ I NOT MEASUREMENT SENS IT IVE MIL-HDBK-272A(OS) 2 APRIL 1993 SUPERSEDING 15 AUGUST 1984 MIL-HDBK-272(OS) MILITARY HANDBOOK NUCLEAR WEAPONS SYSTEMS, SAFETY DESIGN AND EVALUATION CRITERIA FOR AMSC NIA AREA NUOR DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved for public relea

2、se; distribution is unlimited. Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-272A 9999970 0373309 425 FOREWORD 1. This military handbook is approved for use by the Naval Sea Systems Command, Department of the Navy, and is available for use

3、 by all Departments and Agencies of the Department of Defense. 2. Beneficial comments (recommendations , additions, and/or deletions) and any pertinent data which may be of use in improving this document should be addressed to: Commander, Indian Head Division, Naval Surface Warfare Center, (Code 842

4、0), 101 Strauss Avenue, Indian Head, MD 20640-5035, by using the Standardization Document Improvement Proposal (DD Form 1426) appearing at the end of this document, or by letter. 3. This document provides information and guidance on nuclear safety design and evaluation criteria to the project manage

5、r, acquisition engineer and others responsible for the design, test, and procurement of nuclear weapons components, equipments, subsystems, and systems. The intent is not to provide detailed criteria, but rather to provide guidance and information which should be considered during design and procure

6、ment. 4. Every effort has been made to reflect the latest information on nuclear weapons systems safety design and evaluation criteria. It is the intent to review this handbook periodically to ensure its completeness and currency. However , the currency of each reference or associated document shoul

7、d be checked before use. ii Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-i MIL-HDBK-272A(OS) CONTENTS PAGE PARAGRAPH 1 . SCOPE 1 1.1 Scope 1 1.2 Purpose . 1 . 2 . APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS 2 2.1 Government documents . 2 Specifications. standards. and h

8、andbooks . 2 Other Government documents. drawings. and publications 4 2.2 Non-Government publications . 6 2.1.1 2.1.2 3 . 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13 3.14 3.15 3.16 3.17 3.18 3.19 3.20 3.21 3.22 3.23 3.24 3.25 3.26 3.27 3.28 3.29 DEFINITIONS 8 General . 8 Access . 8 Activ

9、ate signals 8 Administrative functions . 8 Armed component 8 Arm/Disarm (A/D) device . 8 Certified equipment . 8 Combat delivery vehicle . 8 Computerhardware . 8 Computer software (or software) . 9 Consent . 9 Coupling 9 Critical . 9 Critical component 9 Electrical isolation . 10 Electrical interfac

10、es 10 Electroexplosive device 10 Electromagnetic compatibility 10 Electromagnetic interference (EMI) . 10 Electromagnetic pulse (EMP) 10 Electromagnetic radiation (EMR) 10 Enhanced (Electrical) nuclear detonation safety (ENDS) 11 Firmware . 11 Information security (INFOSEC) 11 Automata 8 Automation

11、8 Fail-safe . 11 First article 11 Hard-wire 11 . iii Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-272A M 9999970 OL73LLL 083 O MIL-HDBK-272A(OS) CONTENTS PARAGRAPH PAGE 3.30 Intent command signal . 11 3.31 Jettison 11 3.32 Limited current

12、 . 11 3.33 Logic circuits 11 3.34 Logistic movement . 11 3.35 Masked weapon . 12 3.38 Monitor current . 12 . 3.39 Multiplexed system . 12 3.40 Noncombat delivery vehicle . 12 3.41 Safe/Arm (SA) device 12 3.42 Selection . 12 3.45 Structured design 12 3.46 Structured program . 12 3.48 Tactical movemen

13、t . 13 3.50 Unauthorized access 13 3.51 Volatile memory 13 4.1 Innovative designs 14 4.2 Nuclear safety 14 Nuclear weapons safety 14 4.2.2 Minimum criteria 14 Nuclear safety standards 14 4.2.5 Nuclear weapons equipment safety certification . 16 General design guidance 16 Nuclear safety standards 17

14、Single component malfunction 17 4.3.3 Human engineering . 17 i 4.3.4 Administrative procedures 17 4.3.5 Unauthorized access 17 4.3.6 Protection of friendly territory 17 4.3.7 Authorizedaccess 17 4.3.8 Environmental criteria . 17 3.36 Microcode 12 3.37 Module 12 c 4 3.43 Software . 12 3.44 Stopattack

15、 12 . e 3.47 Support or ancillary equipment 13 3.49 TEMPEST 13 4 . GENERAL . 14 4.2.1 4.2.3 4.2.4 Controls . 15 4.3 4.3.1 4.3.2 I iv i Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-272A 9997970 OL731LZ TLT PARAGRAPH 4.3.9 4.3.10 4.3.11 4.3

16、.12 4.3.13 4.3.14 - 4.3.15 4.3.16 4.3.17 4.3.18 4.4 4.4.1 4.4.2 4.4.3 4.4.4 4.4.5 4.4.6 4.4.7 4.4.8 4.4.9 4.4.10 4.4.11 4.4.12 4.4.13 4.5 4.5.1 4.5.2 5 . 5.1 5.1.1 5.1.2 5.1.3 5.1.4 5.1.5 5.2 5.2.1 5.2.2 i 5.2.3 I MIL-HDBK-272A(OS) CONTENTS PAGE Device reversibility . 18 Administrative devices . 18

17、System safety precedence . 18 Complexity of automated systems 18 Explosive ordnance disposal . 18 System security . 18 Information security (INFOSEC) 19 Hydraulic and pneumatic systems 19 Nuclear biological chemical decontamination . 19 General evaluation criteria . 19 Responsibilities . 19 Use of e

18、xisting specifications . 20 Identification of safety features . 20 Control of targeting 20 Emergency access . 20 Arm/Disarm and SafelArm devices . 20 Environmental criteria . 20 Safety analyses. demonstrations. tests and reviews . 20 Objective of safety analysis 21 Examples of tests. reviews and ana

19、lyses 21 Susceptibility to inadvertent actuation . 23 or jettisoning 27 Responsibilities . 27 NAVSEA project office 27 Nuclear weapon safety office . 27 Stopattack 18 . Analysis of unauthorized actuation (or unauthorized launch analysis (ULA) . . 25 Susceptibility to nuclear yield generation due to

20、accidents. incidents SAFETY DESIGN CRITERIA . 28 Shipboard systems . 28 Shipboard fire control systems 28 Launcher and launching devices 28 Assembly areas and magazines 29 Administrative devices . 30 Ground delivered systems 30 Command and control systems 30 Delivery systems . 30 General 28 General

21、30 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-272A m 7999970 OL73LL3 95b m MIL-HDBK-272A(OS) CONTENTS PARAGRAPH 5.2.4 Nuclear projectiles . 31 5.2.5 Atomic demolition munitions . 31 5.3 Transportation and related support equipment . 31

22、5.3.1 General 31 5.3.2 Ground transportation and support or ancillary equipment design criteria 31 5.3.3 Structural design criteria . 32 5.3.4 Design criteria for trailers and semitrailers 33 5.3.5 Self-propelled vehicles . 33 5.3.6 Material handling equipment (MHE) 34 5.3.7 Hoists. cranes, and simi

23、lar devices . 35 5.3.8 Containers 36 5.3.9 Pallets . 36 5.3.10 Shipboard transportation systems 36 5.3.11 Underway replenishment systems 36 5.3.12 Air transportation systems . 37 5.3.13 Vertical replenishment criteria 38 5.4 Electrical and fiberoptic systems . 38 5.4.1 General 38 5.4.2 Electromagnet

24、ic interference 39 5.4.3 Optical interference energy 39 Isolation . 39 5.4.4 5.4.5 Alternating current power . 40 5.4.6 Thermal batteries 40 5.4.7 Switching . 41 5.4.8 Design criteria for wiring and cabling . 41 5.4.9 Design criteria for electrical connectors 41 Electrical current considerations . 4

25、2 5.4.11 Design criteria for panel construction . 42 Electromagnetic radiation hazards to nuclear weapon systems . 42 Design to eliminate or minimize electromagnetic radiation effects 42 5.4.14 Shielding design . 42 sequence 43 * e 5.4.10 5.4.12 5.4.13 5.4.15 Electromagnetic radiation environment th

26、roughout the stockpile-to-target 5.5 Arming and fuzing systems 44 5.5.1 General 44 5.5.2 Design standards 44 5.5.4 5.5.6 Devices and systems criteria for arming and fuzing 45 vi 5.5.3 Input for arming and fuzing . 44 Premature DOD input . 44 5.5.5 Safety design concept . 44 . O Provided by IHSNot fo

27、r ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-272A 9999970 OL73LLq 892 MIL-HDBK-272A(OS) CONTENTS PARAGRAPH PAGE 5.6 5.6.1 5.6.2 5.6.3 5.6.4 5.6.4.1 - 5.6.4.2 5.6.4.3 5.6.4.4 5.6.4.5 5.6.5 5.6.6 5.6.7 5.6.8 5.7 5.7.1 5.7.2 5.7.3 Nuclear weapon system data proc

28、essing hardware and software . 49 Data processing requirements 49 General software nuclear safety criteria 49 Software development safety criteria 49 Software design . 50 General 50 Top-level design requirements 50 System executionkontrol structures . 52 Data transfer integrity . 52 Coding and check

29、out 53 Memory characteristics 53 Memory integrity 53 Configuration management 53 Firmware integrity . 54 Test and training equipment 54 Test equipment 54 Devices and simulators 56 General 54 6 . 6.1 6.1.1 6.1.2 6.2 6.2.1 6.2.2 6.2.3 6.2.4 6.2.5 6.2.6 6.2.7 6.2.8 6.3 6.3.1 6.3.2 6.3.3 6.4 6.4.1 6.4.2

30、 I O SAFETY EVALUATION CRITERIA . 57 Nuclear weapon systems 57 Ground delivered 57 Transportation and related support equipment . 57 Forklifts and weapon loaders . 58 Commercial vehicles 59 Trailers. tow vehicles and self-propelled vehicles 59 Combat ships and shipboard transportation systems . 60 C

31、argo aircraft compatibility . 61 Reusable containers 62 Hoists. cranes and similar devices 62 Electrical and fiberoptical systems . 62 requirements . 62 Isolation requirements . 63 Abnormal environments 63 Arming and fuzing systems 63 Specific data requirements 63 Shipboard 57 General 57 General eva

32、luation of electromagnetic pulse and electromagnetic radiation General 63 vii Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-272A M 9999970 OL73LL5 729 CONTENTS PARAGRAPH PAGE 6.4.3 6.5 6.5.1 6.5.1.1 6.5.1.2 6.5.1.3 6.5.2 6.5.2.1 6.5.2.2 6.

33、5.2.3 6.5.2.4 6.5.3 6.5.4 6.5.5 6.5.6 6.5.6.1 6.5.6.2 6.5.7 6.5.7.1 6.5.7.2 6.5.7.3 6.5.7.4 6.5.7.5 6.5.8 6.5.8.1 6.5.8.2 6.5.9 6.5.9.1 6.5.9.2 6.6 6.6.1 6.6.2 6.6.3 Other requirements . 64 Nuclear weapon system data processing hardware and software 64 General 64 Software . 64 SNSAprocess 64 SNSAobj

34、ective . 65 Specific analysis guidelines 65 . Memory characteristics 65 Memorystability 65 Processor deviations 65 Hardware evaluation 65 Critical function analysis . 66 Configuration management 66 System design review (SDR) support 67 Discrepancy reporting . 67 Discrepancy priorities . 67 Resolutio

35、n priorities 68 68 Baseline configuration . 68 Critical factors. automata. and software examination 68 Document verification . 69 Design integrity . 69 Criticality analysis . 70 Testing 70 SNSA test requirements 71 Integration and test . 72 Operational test and evaluation 72 Control of master end it

36、em software 72 Certification demonstration 72 Test and training equipment . 73 Environmental tests 73 Analyses . 73 Demonstrations . 73 Software nuclear safety analysis requirements 7 . NOTES 76 7.1 Intendeduse . 76 7.2 Subject term (key word) listing . 76 7.3 Changes from previous issue . 76 viii P

37、rovided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-272A 9999970 OL33LLb 665 W MILHDBK-272A(OS) CONTENTS PAGE PARAGRAPH APPENDIX A SAFETY CRITERIA CHECLKIST PURPOSEANDSCOPE . 77 Purpose 77 Scope . 77 10 . 10.1 10.2 . WEAPONSYSTEM 77 Type 77 Areas

38、 . 77 Safety . 78 Deviations 78 Unauthorized actions 78 20 . 20.1 20.2 20.3 20.4 20.5 WEAPONSELECTION . 78 30 . 40 . CONTROLSANDSWITCHES . 78 POWERFAILURE 80 50 . LAUNCHER 81 60 . MASKED WEAPON CONDITION 82 70 . MAGAZINES 82 83 SUPPORT EQUIPMENT, TRANSPORTATION AND TIEDOWN 80 . 90 . ADMINISTRATIVE D

39、EVICES . 86 100 . OPTICS . 86 110 . ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS . 86 120 . ABNORMAL ENVIRONMENT 88 130 . ADDITIONAL SAFETY CHECKLIST ITEMS . 88 I 140 . ix Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-PARAGRAPH 10 . 10.1 10 . 10.1 20 . 20.1 20.2 20.3 20.4

40、20.5 20.6 20.7 20.8 20.9 MIL-HDBK-272A 9999770 Ol173LL7 5Tl MIL-HDBK-272A CONTENTS APPENDIX B ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS PAGE SCOPE 91 Abbreviations and acronyms . 91 APPENDIX C DOCUMENTS FOR USE IN DESIGN AND PROCUREMENT SCOPE 95 Scope of appendix . 95 ASSOCIATED DOCUMENTS . 95 Use of documents 95

41、Movement equipment . 95 Commercial transportation 95 Security systems 96 Reliability and maintainability 97 Weapons movement 97 Ammunition and explosives . 98 Safety . 98 Aerospace vehicle structures . 98 30 . Document sources . 98 TABLES TABLE 1 . Typical Nuclear Weapons Tiedown Configuration G Loa

42、d Factors for Other than COD Aircraft 38 TABLE 2 . Typical Nuclear Weapons Tiedown Configuration G Load Factors for COD Aircraft 38 CONCLUDING MATERIAL . 100 X Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK xi Prov

43、ided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-272A m 9999970 Ol173Ll19 374 m 1. SCOPE 1.1. ScoDq. This handbook provides safety design and evaluation criteria which apply to nuclear weapon systems and their associated equipment for which fundi

44、ng and tasking are the responsibility of NAVSEA or appropriate Program Executive Officer (PEO) and Project Managers (PMs). 1.2. Pumose. The purpose of this handbook is to provide safety design and evaluation criteria for nuclear weapon systems and associated equipment. This handbook is primarily to

45、provide guidance, and should not be interpreted as a contractual requirement. However, when an existing system is modified, the system should be evaluated to determine the extent to which these criteria should apply. This handbook contains extensive citations of reference documents such as MIL STD a

46、nd MIL SPEC. In order to enhance the usefulness of this handbook, some attempt has been made to paraphrase certain essential and key information from cited reference documents. Additionally, in order to extend the useful lifetime of this handbook, new concepts and technologies which are likely to be

47、 used in new or modified nuclear weapon systems are considered. Examples include fiberoptics, integrated real-time processors, smart fuzing sensors, high energy lasers, reduction of human role, automatic target recognition and stealth technology. Because of the rapidly increasing requirements for so

48、ftware and firmware control associated with these new concepts and technologies, criteria dealing with software and firmware are addressed in considerable detail. 1 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-272A 9999970 0373320 09b = M

49、ILHDBK-272A(OS) 2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS 2.1 Government documents. 2.1.1 SDecifications. standards. and handboo ks. The following specifications, standards, and handbooks form a part of this handbook to the extent specified herein. SPECIFICATIONS MILITARY MIL-B-5087 MIL-E-605 1 MIL-M-8090 MIL-C-25200 MIL-T-25959 MIL-T-27260 MIL-C-28840 (se