NAVY MIL-STD-1660 A-2008 DESIGN CRITERIA STANDARD AMMUNITION UNIT LOADS《弹药成组运载的设计标准》.pdf

1、AMSC N/A FSC 8140 INCH-POUND MIL-STD-1660A 7 August 2008 SUPERSEDING MIL-STD-1660 8 April 1977 DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE DESIGN CRITERIA STANDARD AMMUNITION UNIT LOADS Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-STD-1660A ii FOREWORD 1. This stan

2、dard is approved for use by all Departments and Agencies of the Department of Defense. 2. This standard establishes minimum design and evaluation procedures to be applied throughout the Department of Defense to unit loads of ammunition. It provides guidelines covering unit loads for ammunition desig

3、ned to establish reliability, safety, and compatibility with handling equipment most commonly found in the distribution system. 3. When ammunition items, packaged or unpackaged, are moved from one place to another, they are usually combined into a larger assemblage which can be easily and safely han

4、dled by mechanized equipment; e.g., a forklift truck. This assemblage is called a unit load. 4. The ammunition logistics system of the Department of Defense is based on distribution in unit loads unless the item, as packaged, is too large or too heavy to be so assembled. A unit load may be stored fo

5、r prolonged periods before it is needed. It may be shipped by truck, rail, ship, or aircraft. Depending upon the particular operations of the consuming combatant unit, the unit load must withstand the rigors of over the beach handling, local transport and handling over rough terrain, or delivery by

6、external or internal carriage by helicopter under the threat of enemy action, or by transfer-at-sea, or by combinations of these methods, at any time and under poor weather conditions. In addition to possible adverse effects on the reliability of the ammunition, failures of unit loads can lead to de

7、ath or injury from falling heavy objects or from disastrous explosion. Because of these factors, a detailed design must be prepared, tested, and documented showing how the ammunition is to be assembled into a unit load, which will be safe and efficient to handle, ship, store, and deliver to the comb

8、atant unit. 5. This is a mandatory standard for use by DoD ammunition design activities and when applicable is to be invoked in specifications, purchase descriptions, and/or contracts when such design service is to be procured. It applies to ammunition terms as prepared for shipment and not necessar

9、ily to metal parts, bulk, explosives, and other components. 6. Comments, suggestions, or questions on this document should be addressed to Commanding Officer, Naval Surface Warfare Center, Indian Head Division, Detachment Earle, Code E421, Colts Neck, NJ 07722 or emailed to CommandStandardsnavy.mil

10、with the subject line “Document Comment”. Since contact information can change, you may want to verify the currency of this address information using the ASSIST Online database at http:/assist.daps.dla.mil.” Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IH

11、S-,-,-MIL-STD-1660A iii CONTENTS PARAGRAPH PAGE 1. SCOPE1 1.1 Scope.1 1.1.1 Non-ammunition unit loads1 2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS 1 2.1 General1 2.2 Government documents 1 2.2.1 Specifications, standards and handbooks .1 2.2.2 Other Government documents, drawings, and publications.1 2.3 Non-government

12、publications.3 2.4 Order of precedence4 3. DEFINITIONS .4 3.1 General4 3.1.1 Batten .4 3.1.2 Cap .4 3.1.3 Design activity .4 3.1.4 Edge protector 4 3.1.5 Handling equipment .4 3.1.6 Overhang5 3.1.7 Pallet.5 3.1.8 Pallet adapter5 3.1.9 Pallet, special purpose5 3.1.10 Palletized unit load .5 3.1.11 Pr

13、otection levels .5 3.1.11.1 Level A tactical (Army), fleet-issue unit load (FIUL) (Navy)5 3.1.11.2 Level B intermediate (Army), domestic (Navy) .5 3.1.11.3 Level C minimum (Army) 5 3.1.12 Skid base 5 3.1.13 Strapping 5 3.1.14 Underhang 5 3.1.15 Unit load.5 3.1.15.1 Amphibious unit load 5 3.1.15.2 FI

14、UL (Navy)5 4. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS5 4.1 General5 4.2 Transportability requirement.5 4.2.1 Airlift compatibility6 4.2.2 Railcar compatibility6 4.2.3 Truck trailer compatibility6 4.2.4 Ship compatibility 6 4.2.5 Container compatibility6 4.3 Handling equipment compatibility6 4.3.1 Forklift/pallet truck

15、 capability .6 4.3.2 Sling capability.6 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-STD-1660A iv PARAGRAPH PAGE 4.4 Shape.6 4.4.1 Protrusions6 4.4.2 Item placement .6 4.4.3 Strapping placement.6 4.4.4 Item orientation 6 4.4.5 Drainage .7 4.5

16、Size and weight.7 4.5.1 Length and width7 4.5.1.1 Overhang .9 4.5.1.2 Underhang .9 4.5.2 Transportability limitations 9 4.5.3 Gross weight.9 4.5.4 High density ammunition .9 4.5.5 Special rule for amphibious assault ammunition9 4.6 Stability.9 4.7 Stacking capability9 4.8 Materials .9 4.8.1 Strappin

17、g 9 4.8.2 Strapping seals .9 4.8.3 Pallets.10 4.8.4 Nails .10 4.8.5 Staples 10 4.8.6 Edge protectors.10 4.8.7 Wood members 10 4.8.8 Plywood .10 4.9 Markings .10 4.10 FIULs (Navy), tactical (Army) .10 4.10.1 Sling compatibility .10 4.11 Protection levels11 4.11.1 Level A tactical (Army), FIUL (Navy)

18、.11 4.11.2 Level B intermediate (Army), domestic (Navy)11 4.11.3 Level C minimum (Army).12 5. DETAILED REQUIREMENTS.12 5.1 General12 5.2 Satisfactory performance criteria 12 5.3 Test procedures .12 5.4 Test temperature12 5.4.1 Stacking test .12 5.4.1.1 Stacking test rationale12 5.4.2 Repetitive shoc

19、k test.12 5.4.2.1 Repetitive shock test (superimposed load) 12 5.4.2.2 Repetitive shock test rationale.13 5.4.3 Drop test.13 5.4.3.1 Edgewise-drop (rotational) test13 5.4.3.2 Cornerwise-drop (rotational) test.13 5.4.3.3 Drop test rationale .13 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networki

20、ng permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-STD-1660A v PARAGRAPH PAGE 5.4.3.4 Drop surface recommendation.13 5.4.4 Impact test 13 5.4.4.1 Impact test (stacked)13 5.4.4.2 Transfer-at-sea shock test(s) 13 5.4.4.3 Impact test rationale.15 5.4.5 Tipover test.15 5.4.5.1 Tipover test rationale.15 5.4.6

21、 Forklifting test15 5.4.6.1 Forklifting test rationale 15 5.4.7 Pallet truck test.15 5.4.7.1 Pallet truck test rationale .15 5.4.8 Sling compatibility test.15 5.4.8.1 Sling compatibility test rationale .15 5.4.9 Disassembly test.15 5.4.9.1 Disassembly test rationale .15 5.5 Testing 15 5.5.1 Unitized

22、 loads of ammunition within a limited (Level C (Army) transportation and storage cycle testing15 5.5.2 Alternate material testing .16 5.5.2.1 High temperature testing .16 5.5.2.2 Low temperature testing 16 5.5.2.3 Rain testing16 5.5.2.4 Solar radiation testing16 6. NOTES .18 6.1 Intended use 18 6.1.

23、1 Non-ammunition use 18 6.2 Acquisition requirements 18 6.3 Subject term (key word) listing.18 6.4 International standardization agreement implementation .18 6.5 Changes from previous issue 18 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-STD-1

24、660A vi FIGURE PAGE 1. Optional rough handling course for forklift trucks .17 B-1. Edgewise-drop (rotational) .24 C-1. Cornerwise-drop (rotational) 28 D-1. Incline impact test 28 E-1. Pendulum-impact test32 G-1. Slings placed around specimen with load superimposed38 G-2. Hoisting with sling attachme

25、nt provisions .39 G-3. Hoisting with grabs 40 TABLE PAGE I. Recommended unit load dimensions for transport and storage.8 II. Shock test for unit loads-at-sea 14 B-I. Height of rotational drops for unit loads of various sizes and weights23 C-I. Height of cornerwise drops (rotational) for unit loads o

26、f various sizes and weights.27 H-I. Height of edgewise drops for unit load specimens of various sizes and weights43 APPENDIX A VIBRATION (REPETITIVE SHOCK) TEST.19 A.1 SCOPE.19 A.1.1 Scope.19 A.2 DEFINITIONS 19 A.2.1 Shock.19 A.2.2 Vibration .19 A.3 APPARATUS19 A.3.1 Platform.19 A.3.2 Restraining de

27、vices .19 A.4 SPECIMENS .19 A.4.1 Contents 19 A.4.1.1 Specimen condition 19 A.4.1.2 Dummy load.19 A.5 CONDITIONING20 A.5.1 Test specimen20 A.6 PROCEDURE20 A.6.1 Positioning 20 A.6.2 Restraining devices .20 A.6.3 Frequency20 A.6.4 Additional positioning.20 A.6.5 Inspection20 APPENDIX B EDGEWISE-DROP

28、(ROTATIONAL) TEST21 B.1 SCOPE.21 B.1.1 Scope.21 B.2 DEFINITIONS.21 B.2.1 Level of packing21 B.2.1.1 Level A .21 B.2.1.2 Level B .21 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-STD-1660A vii B.3 APPARATUS 21 B.3.1 Edgewise-drop test 21 B.4 SPE

29、CIMEN21 B.4.1 Contents.21 B.5 CONDITIONING OF SPECIMEN21 B.5.1 Test specimen21 B.6 PROCEDURE22 B.7 NOTES.22 APPENDIX C CORNERWISE-DROP (ROTATIONAL) TEST 25 C.1 SCOPE .25 C.1.1 Scope.25 C.2 DEFINITIONS.25 C.2.1 Level of packing25 C.2.1.1 Level A .25 C.2.1.2 Level B .25 C.3 APPARATUS 25 C.3.1 Cornerwi

30、se-drop test .25 C.4 SPECIMEN25 C.4.1 Contents.25 C.5 CONDITIONING OF SPECIMEN25 C.5.1 Test specimen25 C.6 PROCEDURE26 C.7 NOTES.26 APPENDIX D INCLINE IMPACT TEST .29 D.1 SCOPE.29 D.1.1 Scope.29 D.2 APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS .29 D.2.1 General29 D.2.2 Non-government publications.29 D.3 DEFINITION.29 D.3.1

31、 Inline impact tester29 D.4 APPARATUS29 D.4.1 Inclined track.29 D.5 SPECIMEN .29 D.5.1 Contents 29 D.6 CONDITIONING OF SPECIMEN .30 D.6.1 Test specimen30 D.7 PROCEDURE30 D.8 NOTES 30 D.8.1 Incline impact test .30 APPENDIX E PENDULUM-IMPACT TEST .31 E.1 SCOPE .31 E.1.1 Scope .31 E.2 APPARATUS 31 E.2.

32、1 Pendulum-impact tester .31 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-STD-1660A viii E.3 SPECIMEN31 E.3.1 Contents.31 E.4 CONDITIONING OF SPECIMEN31 E.4.1 Test specimen 31 E.5 PROCEDURE 31 E.6 NOTES.31 APPENDIX F TIPOVER TEST.33 F.1 SCOPE

33、.33 F.1.1 Scope .33 F.2 APPARATUS.33 F.2.1 Tipover test 33 F.3 SPECIMEN 33 F.3.1 Contents .33 F.4 CONDITIONING OF SPECIMEN 33 F.4.1 Test specimen 33 F.5 PROCEDURE 33 F.6 NOTES.33 APPENDIX G MECHANICAL HANDLING TEST.34 G.1 SCOPE.34 G.1.1 Scope.34 G.2 APPARATUS34 G.2.1 Forklift handling .34 G.2.2 Hois

34、ting with slings 34 G.2.3 Hoisting with grabs .34 G.2.4 Pushing34 G.2.5 Towing 34 G.2.6 Conveying .34 G.3 SPECIMENS .35 G.3.1 Contents 35 G.4 CONDITIONING35 G.5 PROCEDURE35 G.5.1 Sequence of tests.35 G.5.2 Lifting and transporting by forklift truck 35 G.5.3 Hoisting with slings 35 G.5.3.1 Undersling

35、 handling .35 G.5.3.2 Sling handling with attachments 36 G.5.3.2.1 Two-place attachment36 G.5.3.2.2 One-place attachment 36 G.5.4 Hoisting with grabs .36 G.5.5 Pushing36 G.5.6 Towing 36 G.5.7 Conveying .37 G.5.8 Inspection after handling.37 G.6 NOTES 37 G.6.1 Test procedure.37 Provided by IHSNot for

36、 ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-STD-1660A ix APPENDIX H TESTING OF AMMUNITION LOADS UNITIZED TO PROTECTION LEVEL C.41 H.1 SCOPE.41 H.1.1 Scope.41 H.2 REQUIREMENTS 41 H.2.1 General41 H.2.2 Alternate tests41 H.3 SPECIMEN .41 H.3.1 Test specimen41 H.4 CON

37、DITIONING OF SPECIMEN .41 H.4.1 Conditions .41 H.5 PROCEDURES .41 H.5.1 Stacking test 41 H.5.2 Vibration test.42 H.5.3 Drop test (edgewise-drop).42 H.5.4 Mechanical handling test.43 H.5.5 Disassembly and final inspection test .44 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted w

38、ithout license from IHS-,-,-MIL-STD-1660A 1 1. SCOPE 1.1 Scope. This standard establishes minimum design criteria and associated tests for ammunition unit loads. 1.1.1 Non-ammunition unit loads. This standard will not be used for the palletization of general supplies or semi-perishable subsistence (

39、see 6.1.1). 2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS 2.1 General. The documents listed in this section are specified in sections 3, 4, or 5 of this standard. This section does not include documents cited in other sections of this standard or recommended for additional information or as examples. While every effort h

40、as been made to ensure the completeness of this list, document users are cautioned that they must meet all specified requirements of documents cited in sections 3, 4, or 5 of this standard, whether or not they are listed. 2.2 Government documents. 2.2.1 Specifications, standards and handbooks. The f

41、ollowing specifications, standards, and handbooks form a part of this document to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise specified, the issues of these documents are those cited in the solicitation or contract. INTERNATIONAL STANDARDIZATION AGREEMENTS STANAG-2828 - Military Pallets, Packages

42、and Containers INTERNATIONAL STANDARDIZATION DOCUMENTS AAP-23 - NATO Glossary of Packaging Terms and Definitions (English and French) DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE SPECIFICATIONS MIL-P-23312 - Pallets, Material Handling, Metal (for Ordnance Items); Mark 3 Mod 0, Mark 12 Mod 0 and Mark 12 Mod 1 DEPARTMENT OF

43、 DEFENSE STANDARDS MIL-STD-648 - Design Criteria for Specialized Shipping Containers MIL-STD-810 - Environmental Engineering Considerations and Laboratory Tests MIL-STD-2073-1 - Standard Practice for Military Packaging DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE HANDBOOKS MIL-HDBK-1791 - Designing for Internal Aerial Del

44、ivery in Fixed Wing Aircraft (Copies of these documents are available online at http:/assist.daps.dla.mil/quicksearch/ or http:/assist.daps.dla.mil or from the Standardization Document Order Desk, 700 Robbins Avenue, Building 4D, Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094.) 2.2.2 Other Government documents, drawin

45、gs, and publications. The following other Government documents, drawings, and publications form a part of this document to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise specified, the issues of these documents are those cited in the solicitation or contract. AERONAUTICAL SYSTEMS CENTER AFSC Design H

46、andbook DH 1-11 - Air Transportability (Copies of this document are available from the Aeronautical Systems Center, 2530 Loop Road West, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH 45433 or online at http:/engineering.wpafb.af.mil/engstds/engstds.asp.) Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitt

47、ed without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-STD-1660A 2 MILITARY SEALIFT COMMAND MSC TW023-AB-WHS-010 - Handling and Stowage of Ammunition Aboard MSC Class Ships (Copies of this document are available from the Naval PHST Center, 201 Highway 34, Colts Neck, NJ 07722.) NAVAL SEA SYSTEMS COMMAND (NAVSEA) (CODE

48、 10001 Rev 2 NAVSEA SW023-AJ-WHS-010 - Technical Manual, Handling and Stowage of Amphibious Assault Ammunition Aboard Amphibious Ships (Copies of these documents are available from the Naval Logistics Library, 5450 Carlisle Pike, Mechanicsburg, PA 17055 or online at http:/nll.ahf.nmci.navy.mil.) Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-STD-1660A 3 U.S. ARMY DEFENSE AMMUNITION CENTER AC200000331 - Sling, Adjustable, Double Basket AC200000332 - Sling, Multiple Leg Projectile Pallet AC200000398 - Sl