NAVY NAV MIL-HDBK-1004 4-1987 ELECTRICAL UTILIZATION SYSTEMS《电利系统》.pdf

1、8-1 * AMSC N/A 3535789 OLb84 953 = MIL-HDBK-1004/4 $3 OCTOBER 1987 SUPERSEDING DECEWER 1979 CHANGE 1 APRIL 1982 HAVFAC DM-4.04 MILITARY HANDBOOK ELECTRICAL UTILIZATION SYSTEMS DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE: DISTRIBUTION IS UNLIMITED AREA FACR .%J O280 Provided by IHSNot for R

2、esaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-3535789 OLOOb8b 726 MIL-HDBK-1004/4 ii Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-3535789 0100687 662 MIL-HDBK-1004/4 ABSTRACT This handbook provides basic design guidance

3、 that has been developed from extensive reevaluation of facilities. It is intended for use by experienced architects and engineers. The contents cover electric utilization such as interior electric power, lighting, communication, signal and fire alarm systems; emergency electric power systems; roadw

4、ay, protective and area lighting; and design criteria for earthquake areas. . e iii 0291 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-M 3515789 OLOOb88 5T M MIL-HDBK-1004/4 iv O292 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitt

5、ed without license from IHS-,-,-m 3535789 0300689 435 m MIL-HDBK-1004/4 FOREWORD This military handbook has been developed from an evaluation of facilities in the shore establisment, from surveys of the availability of new materials and construction methods, and from selection of the best design pra

6、ctices of the Naval Facilities Engineering Command (NAVFACENGCOM), other Government agencies, and the private sector. maximum extent feasible, national professional society, association, and institute standards. Deviations from this criteria, in the planning, engineering, design, and construction of

7、 Naval shore facilities, cannot be made without prior approval of NAVFACENGCOM Code 04. This handbook was prepared using to the Design cannot remain static any more than can the functions it serves or the technologies it uses. Accordingly, recommendations for improvement are encouraged and should be

8、 furnished to Commanding Officer, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Chesapeake Division, Code 406, Washington Navy Yard, Washington, DC 20374; telephone commercial (202) 433-3314. THIS HANDBOOK SHALL NOT BE USED AS A REFERENCE DOCUMENT FOR PROCUREMENT OF FACILITIES CONSTRUCTION. IT IS TO BE USED

9、 IN THE PURCHASE OF FACILITIES ENGINEERING STUDIES AND DESIGN (FINAL PLANS, SPECIFICATIONS, AND COST ESTIMATES). OTHER PROCUREMENT DOCUMENTS. DO NOT REFERENCE IT IN MILITARY OR FEDERAL SPECIFICATIONS OR V 0293 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from

10、IHS-,-,-9 3535789 0300690 157 9 Criteria Manual DM-4.1 DM-4.2 MIL-HDBK-1004/3 MIL-HDBK-1004/4 DM-4-05 DM-4.6 DM-4.07 DM-4.9 MIL-HDBK-1004/10 MIL-HDBK-1004/4 ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING CRITERIA MANUALS Title Electrical Engineering Preliminary Design Considerations Electrical Engineering Power Distributio

11、n Systems Switchgear and Relaying Electrical Utilization Systems 400-Hz Medium-Voltage Conversion and Low-Voltage Utilization Systems Electrical Engineering Lightning and Cathodic Protection Wire Communication and Signal Systems Energy Monitoring and Control Systems Cathodic Protection (Proposed) -

12、PA CHESDIV PACDIV CHE S D I V CHE S D I V CHE S D IV CHE S D I V CHESDIV HDQTRS NCEL NOTE: Design manuals, when revised, will be converted to military handbooks and listed in the military handbook section of NAVFAC P-34. This handbook is issued to provide immediate guidance to the user. However, it

13、may or may not conform to format requirements of MIL-HDBK-1006/3 and will be corrected on the next update. vi o294 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-3535789 0300693 O93 MIL-HDBK-1004/4 Section 1 1.1 1.2 Section 2 2.1 2.1.2 2.1.3 2.1.4 2

14、.1.5 2.1.6 2.1.7 Section 3 3.1 3.2 3.2.1 3.2.2 3.2.3 3.2.4 3.2.4.1 3.2.4.2 3.2.4.3 3.2.5 3.2.6 3.3 3.3.1 3.3.1.1 3.3.1.2 3.3.1.3 3.3.2 3.3.3 3.3.4 3.3.5 3.3.5.1 3.3.5.2 3.3.5.3 3.3.5.4 3.3.5.5 3.3.5.6 3.3.5.7 3.3.5.8 3.3.6 3.3.7 ELECTRICAL UTILIZATION SYSTEMS CONTENTS INTRODUCTION Scope . 1 Cancella

15、tion . 1 POLICY DOD Policies 2 National Codes 2 Design Analysis . 2 Specifications 2 Requirements for Physically Handicapped . 2 Architectural Considerations 2 OSHA Requirements . 2 INTERIOR ELECTRIC POWER AND LIGHTING SYSTEMS Local Codes . 3 Service . 3 Service Equipment . 3 Service Conductors 3 Me

16、tering 3 Short-circuit Considerations 4 Current-Limiting Fuses 4 Current-Limiting Circuit Breakers . 4 Other Methods . 4 Service-Equipment Rooms . 5 Service Grounding . 5 Wiring Systems 5 Standard Utilization Voltages . 5 208-Volt Systems 5 480-Volt Systems 6 Service to Motors . 6 Voltage Spread 6 P

17、ower Factor 6 Wire and Cable 6 Raceways 6 Electrical Metallic Tubing 6 Flexible Steel Conduit 7 Aluminum Conduit 7 Nonmetallic Conduit . 7 Intermediate Metal Conduits . 7 Wireways 7 Electrical Floor Systems 7 Hazardous Locations . 8 Special Areas . 8 Rigid Steel Conduits 7 vi i Provided by IHSNot fo

18、r ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-3.4 3.4.1 3.4.1.1 3.4.1.2 3.4.2 3.4.2.1 3.4.2.2 3.4.2.3 3.4.2.4 3.4.2.5 3.4.2.6 3.4.3 3.4.3.1 3.4.3.2 3.5 3.5.1 3.5.2 3.5.3 3.5.4 3.5.5 3.5.6 3.5.7 3.5.7.1 3.5.7.2 3.5.7.3 3.5.7.4 3.5.7.5 3.5.7.6 3.5.7.7 3.5.7.8 .3.5. 7.9 3

19、.5.8 3.5.8.1 3.5.8.2 3.5.8.3 3.5.8.4 3.6 3.6.1 3.6.1.1 3.6.1.2 3.6.1.3 3.6.1.4 3.6.1.5 Section 4 4.1 4.1.1 4.1.1.1 4.1.1.2 4.1.2 3535787 0300672 TZT MIL-HDBK-1004/4 Pane Electric Power Systems 8 Electric Power Distribution to Motors . 8 Voltage Level . 8 Electric Power Feeders 8 Motor Control Requir

20、ements 9 Manual Type . 9 Magnetic-Only Type 9 Reduced-Voltage Starter Type 9 Reduced-Voltage Starter Selection . 12 Thermal-Magnetic Type . 12 Motor Control Centers . 12 Receptacles . 12 Locking Type 12 Enclosures 15 Lighting Systems 15 Architectural Requirements 15 Design Analysis . 15 Visibility 1

21、5 Economics . 15 Energy Conservation . 16 Lighting Source . 16 Characteristics . 16 Recornended Sources for Specific Task Areas 16 Color Rendition . 16 Chromacity 16 Stroboscopic Effect . 16 Transient Voltages 18 Harmonic Currents . 18 Sources Not Recommended . 18 Luminaires 18 Architectural Criteri

22、a 18 Classification 19 Maintenance . 19 High-Intensity-Discharge Lighting . 19 Grounding . 20 Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) Grounding . 20 Central Ground Point 20 Transient Suppression Plate . 20 Ground Mat 20 Power Panels 20 Additional Information 20 Visual Comfort Probability . 15 Radio Frequ

23、ency Interference 16 COMMUNICATION. SIGNAL. AND ALARM SYSTEMS Communication Systems . 22 Telephone Systems . 22 System Selection 22 Empty Conduit System 22 Intercommunications and Sound Systems . 23 . *i viii 0296 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license f

24、rom IHS-,-,-3535789 0300693 966 HIL-HDBK-1004/4 * Change 1. 15 February 1991 Pape 4 4.1.3 4.2 4.2.1 4.2.2 4.3 4.3.1 4.3.2 4.3.3 4.4 Section 5 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.5.1 5.5.2 5.6 5.7 5.7.1 5.7.2 5.8 5.9 section 6 6.1 6.1.1 6.1.2 6.1.3 6.1.3.1 6.1.3.2 6.1.3.3 6.2 6.2.1 6.2.2 6.2.3 6.2.3.1 6.2.3.2 6.2.

25、4 6.2.4.1 6.2.4.2 6.2.4.3 6.2.5 FM and TV Master Antenna. Closed-Circuit TV. and Central Dictation Systems . 23 Signal Systems 23 Alarm Systems 24 Fire Alarm Systems . -24 Watchman Tour Systems 24 Disaster Alarm Systems 24 Nurse Call and Doctor Paging and Register Systems . . 24 Clock and Programmin

26、g Systems 24 Remote Control and Monitoring Systems 24 EMERGENCY POWER SYSTEMS Criteria . 25 Essential Laads and Magnitudes 25 Minimum Essential Operating Electric Load Disconnecting Device 25 Alternate Service 25 interconnections 25 Batteries . -25 Emergency Generator -26 Generator Starting 26 Gener

27、ator Sizing . 26 Uninterruptible Power Supply . 26 25 Connection Ahead of Incoming Main Secondary . Switches 25 . Location 26 ROADWAY LIGHTING Lighting System . 27 Application . 27 Sources 27 Design 27 Roadway and Area Classification . 27 Light Shielding . 27 Physical Interference 27 Wiring Systems

28、27 Multiple Systems . 27 Series Systems 28 Electric Distribution 28 Equipment Installation 28 System Control 29 Automatic Control 29 Manual Control 29 Group Control 29 Luminaire Control 29 . Lines 28 ix Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,

29、-= 3515789 0100694 AT2 D MIL-HDBK-1004/4 Change 1, 15 February 1991 Paee 6.3 6.3.1 6.3.1.1 6.3.1.2 Auxiliary Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29 Multiple Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29 Ballast Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29 Ballast Interchangeability . . .

30、 . . . . . . . . . . .30 ixa 0298 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-HDBK-1004/4 Change 1. 15 February 1991 6.3.2 6.3.2.1 6.3.2.2 6.3.2.3 6.3.2.4 6.3.2.5 6.4 6.4.1 6.4.2 6.4.3 6.4.4 6.4.5 Section 7 7.1 7.1.1 7.1.2 7.2 7.3 7.3.1 7.3.1

31、.1 7.3.1.2 7.3.1.3 7.3.1.4 7.3.2 7.4 7.4.1 7.4.1.1 7.4.1.2 7.4.2 7.5 7.5.1 7.5.2 7.5.3 7.5.4 7.6 Section 8 8.1 8.2 8.2.1 8.2.2 8.2.3 8.3 8.3.1 8.3.2 Series Systems 30 Constant-Current Transformers 30 Controllers and Protectors 30 Isolating Transformers 30 . . . . . Sockets 30 Ballasts 30 Poles 30 Wo

32、od 30 Concrete 30 Steel 30 Aluminum 30 Fiberglass 30a AREA LIGHTING Area Lighting Systems 31 Protective Lighting . 31 General- Area and Sports Lighting 31 Sources 31 Luminaires 31 Enclosures 31 Heavy-Duty 31 Open 31 . General Purpose . 31 Reflector Lamps . 31 Beam Spread . 31 Floodlighting Calculati

33、ons 31 Beam Lumen Method 31 Point-by-Point Method 32 Intensities . 32 Special Considerations 32 Stroboscopic Effect . 32 Wide-Area Coverage 32 Wiring System 32 . . Methods 31 . Glare 32 Coverage 32 REQUIREMENTS FOR EARTHQUAKE AREAS Criteria 33 Luminaires 33 Enclosures 33 . Interior Distribution 33 C

34、onduit . 33 Exterior Distribution 33 Overhead System . 33 Underground System 34 X Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-3535789 0100b9b 675 MIL-HDBK-1004/4 APPENDIX APPENDIX A. International System of Units (SI) Conversion Factors . 35 FIGU

35、RES 1 2 3 Motor-Starter Voltage Dips 13 Voltage Dip on a Bus from Full-Voltage Starting . 14 Grounding Diagram . 21 TABLES 1 Standard Manual Controller Ratings for 600 Volts and Below 11 2 Standard Magnetic Controller Ratings for 600 Volts and Below 12 3 Characteristics of Light Sources 17 4 Recomme

36、nded Sources for Specific Task Areas . 18 5 Conduit Sizes for Telephone Systems . 22 6 Cabinet Sizes for Telephone Systems . 23 BIBLIOGRAPHY 39 . REFERENCES 41 xi Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-= 3535789 0300744 358 = MIL-HDBK-1004/4

37、 xi i 0301 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-= 35357139 O300697 503 MIL-KDBK-1004/ 4 Section 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Scoue. This handbook presents data and requirements that are necessary for the proper design of interior electric power and

38、 lighting systems; communication, signal, and fire alarm systems; emergency power systems; roadway, protective, and area lighting systems; and design requirements for earthquake areas. 1.2 Cancellation. This handbook cancels and supersedes NAVFAC DM-4.4 of December 1979, including Change 1 of 1 Apri

39、l 1982. I 1 O302 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-3535789 OLOOb98 448 MIL-HDBK-1004/4 Section 2: POLICY 2.1 Policies. The design of Electrical Utilization Systems shall conform to the requirements of paras. 2.1.1 through 2.1.7. 2.1.1 D

40、OD Policies. For informatin pertaining to DOD policies, refer to MIL-HDBK-1190, Facility Planning and Design Guide. 2.1.2 National Codes. The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) NFPA 70, National Electrical Code (NEC); American National Standards Institute (ANSI) ANSI C2, National Electrical

41、 Safety Code; NFPA 101, Code for Safety 50 Life from Fire in Buildinp and Structures; and NFPA 110, Emergency and Stagid NFGS-16302, Overhead Electrical Work; NFGS-16335, Transformers, Substations. and Switchgear. Exterior; NFGS-16402, Interior WirinP Systems; NFGS-16462, Pad-Mounted Transformers (7

42、5 kVA to 500 kVAZ; NFGS-16465, Interior Substations; and NFGS-16475, Interior Switchnear and Switchboards, Low-Voltage. 2.1.5 Requirements for Phvsicallv Handicamed. Specifications shall be used for making buildings and facilities accessible to and usable by physically handicapped people, refer to A

43、NSI A117.1, SDecifications for Making Buildings and Facilities Accessible by Handicamed Peorile. 2.1.6 Architectural Considerations. Exposed electrical items shall be shown or indicated as such, and their use shall be inaccordance with the architectural design. For electronic facilities, the criteri

44、a in NAWAC DM-12.01, Electronic Facilities Engineering shall apply. 2.1.7 OSHA Requirements. Provide all safety features in accordance with the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). 2 u303 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,

45、-,-3535789 OL00b99 384 MIL-HDBK-1004/4 Section 3: INTERIOR ELECTRIC POWER AND LIGHTING SYSTEMS 3.1 Local Codes. Although the Federal Government is not required to conform to city, state, or district building codes for property within Federal Government ownership lines, local codes should be consider

46、ed. installation of interior lighting systems, electric power facilities, and roadway and area lighting systems shall conform, as far as practicable, with adjoining community regulations and standards. The design and 3.2 Service. Service wires to interior electrical systems shall be as short as poss

47、ible. During installation of overhead services, consider possible future underground service installation. If feasible, install empty conduits from service rooms to points 5 ft (1.5 m) beyond building walls, 30 in. (762 mm) below grade, and provide below grade metallic marker to facilitate identific

48、ation. 3.2.1 Service EciuiDment. Locate service equipment at the service-entrance point. Use circuit breakers according to the characteristics indicated for low-voltage switchgear (refer to MIL-HDBK-1004/3, Switchnear and Relaying). Fused switching devices shall be used only where special considerations necessitate their use. alone cannot provide adequate fault duty and must be coordinated with current-limiting fuses. Select the most economical devices consistent with short circuit and normal current requirements. Services with three-phase motor loads shall include protectiv