NEMA C18 2M PART 2-2014 American National Standard for Portable Rechargeable Cells and Batteries Safety Standard.pdf

1、NEMA Standards PublicationNational Electrical Manufacturers AssociationANSI C18.2M, Part 2-2014American NationalStandard for Portable Rechargeable Cells and Batteries Safety StandardANSI C18.2M, Part 2-2014 Revision of ANSI C18.2M, Part 2-2007 American National Standard for Portable Rechargeable Cel

2、ls and Batteries Safety Standard Secretariat: National Electrical Manufacturers Association 1300 N 17th St., Suite 900 Rosslyn, VA 22209 Approved: March 28, 2014 Published: June 20, 2014 American National Standards Institute, Inc. C18.2M, Part 2-2014 Page ii 2014 National Electrical Manufacturers As

3、sociation NOTICE AND DISCLAIMER (ANSI Accredited Standards Committee) The information in this publication was considered technically sound by the consensus of persons engaged in the development and approval of the document at the time it was developed. Consensus does not necessarily mean that there

4、is unanimous agreement among every person participating in the development of this document. ANSI standards, of which the document contained herein is one, are developed through a voluntary consensus standards development process. This process brings together volunteers and/or seeks out the views of

5、 persons who have an interest in the topic covered by this publication. As Secretary of the ANSI Accredited Standards Committee, NEMA administers the process in accordance with the procedures of the American National Standards Institute to promote fairness in the development of consensus. As a publi

6、sher of this document, NEMA does not write the document and it does not independently test, evaluate or verify the accuracy or completeness of any information or the soundness of any judgments contained in its standards and guideline publications. NEMA disclaims liability for any personal injury, pr

7、operty or other damages of any nature whatsoever, whether special, indirect, consequential or compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from the publication, use of, application, or reliance on this document. NEMA disclaims and makes no guaranty or warranty, express or implied, as to the accura

8、cy or completeness of any information published herein, and disclaims and makes no warranty that the information in this document will fulfill any of your particular purposes or needs. NEMA does not undertake to guarantee the performance of any individual manufacturers or sellers products or service

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10、his document should rely on his or her own independent judgment or, as appropriate, seek the advice of a competent professional in determining the exercise of reasonable care in any given circumstances. Information and other standards on the topic covered by this publication may be available from ot

11、her sources, which the user may wish to consult for additional views or information not covered by this publication. NEMA has no power, nor does it undertake to police or enforce compliance with the contents of this document. NEMA does not certify, test or inspect products, designs or installations

12、for safety or health purposes. Any certification or other statement of compliance with any health or safetyrelated information in this document shall not be attributable to NEMA and is solely the responsibility of the certifier or maker of the statement. C18.2M, Part 2-2014 Page iii 2014 National El

13、ectrical Manufacturers Association American National Standard Approval of an American National Standard requires verification by ANSI that the requirements for due process, consensus, and other criteria for approval have been met by the standards developer. Consensus is established when, in the judg

14、ment of the ANSI Board of Standards Review, substantial agreement has been reached by directly and materially affected interests. Substantial agreement means much more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that a co

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16、 not conforming to the standards. The American National Standards Institute does not develop standards and will in no circumstances give an interpretation of any American National Standard. Moreover, no person shall have the right or authority to issue an interpretation of an American National Stand

17、ard in the name of the American National Standards Institute. Requests for interpretations should be addressed to the secretariat or sponsor whose name appears on the title page of this standard. Caution Notice: This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. The procedures

18、of the American National Standards Institute require that action be taken to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard no later than five years from the date of approval. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive current information on all standards by calling or writing the American N

19、ational Standards Institute. Published by National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) 1300 North 17th Street, Suite 900, Rosslyn, VA 22209 Copyright 2014 by National Electrical Manufacturers Association All rights including translation into other languages, reserved under the Universal Copy

20、right Convention, the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works, and the International and Pan American Copyright Conventions. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior written permission of t

21、he publisher. Printed in the United States of America. C18.2M, Part 2-2014 Page iv 2014 National Electrical Manufacturers Association C18.2M, Part 2-2014 Page v 2014 National Electrical Manufacturers Association Contents Page Foreword vii 1 Introduction 1 2 Scope .1 3 Normative references 1 4 Defini

22、tions 1 5 Requirements for safety 4 6 Lithium-ion systems .5 6.1 Sampling for type approval .5 6.2 Acceptance criteria 7 6.3 Overview of tests and acceptance criteria (Table 3) 9 6.4 Test procedures and compliance (verification).9 7 Nickel systems 21 7.1 Sampling for type approval 21 7.2 Test proced

23、ures for compliance (verification) . 21 7.3 Pre-test dimensions, voltage, and insulation resistance test requirements . 22 7.4 Intended use simulation . 22 7.5 Reasonable foreseeable misuse . 25 7.6 Design considerations 30 8 Information for safety 31 9 Instructions for use . 32 10 Marking . 33 Tabl

24、es 1A Lithium-ion Systems, Sequential Tests for Type Approval 6 1B Lithium-ion Systems, Cell Approval Tests 6 1C Lithium-ion Systems, Battery Approval Tests .7 2 Maximum mass loss 7 C18.2M, Part 2-2014 Page vi 2014 National Electrical Manufacturers Association 3 Acceptance criteria: lithium-ion syst

25、ems 9 4 Acceptance criteria: nickel systems . 21 5 Vibration test sequence 24 6 Shock pulse 25 C.1 Recommended maximum temperatures during normal use . 37 D.1 Safety pictograms . 38 Figures 1 Small cell or battery gauge 3 2 Test E schematic 15 3 Circuit for external short-circuit test 26 Annexes A G

26、uidance to device designers 34 B Guidelines for packaging, transport, and disposal 35 C Maximum temperature during normal use . 36 D Cautionary advice . 37 E Bibliography 39 C18.2M, Part 2-2014 Page vii 2014 National Electrical Manufacturers Association Foreword (This foreword is not part of America

27、n National Standard C18.2M, Part 2-2014.) In 1912, a committee of the American Electrochemical Society recommended standard methods to be used in testing dry cells. Their recommendations were followed five years later when the National Bureau of Standards prepared specifications that included cell s

28、izes, arrangement of cells within batteries, service tests, and required performance. The need for continued revision to the specification led to the authorization, by the American Engineering Standards committee, of a permanent sectional committee on dry cells, now portable cells. This committee, C

29、18, representing battery users, manufacturers, and government agencies, has remained active since that time. In April 1996, the then ANSI Accredited Standards Committee C18 on Specifications for Dry Cells and Batteries established a new general format for the publication of its standards, dividing t

30、he standard into two parts. Part 1 of this American National Standard for Portable Rechargeable Cells and Batteries contains two basic sections. The first section has general requirements and information, such as the scope, applicable definitions, general descriptions of battery dimensions, terminal

31、 requirements, marking requirements, general design conditions, test conditions, etc. Section 2 of Part 1 is comprised of specification sheets for various types of cells and batteries. This Part 2 of the standard, a separate document, contains safety requirements. The ANSI Committee C18 on Portable

32、Cells and Batteries completed what is in effect the first edition of this specification on safety requirements in 1999 under the sponsorship of the National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA). This latest edition was issued to update the safety tests and keep them current with the best poss

33、ible practices. In particular, this latest edition considers and takes into account the United Nations Recommendations on the Transport of Dangerous Goods, Model Regulations, and IEC 62281, Safety of primary and secondary lithium cells and batteries during transport. The purpose of these considerati

34、ons was to harmonize test procedures, where appropriate, and prevent the proliferation of unnecessary or redundant tests. Suggestions for improvement of this standard are welcome. They should be sent to the National Electrical Manufacturers Association, 1300 N. 17th Street, Suite 900, Rosslyn, VA 22

35、209, Attention: Secretary, ANSI ASC C18. This standard was processed and approved for submittal to ANSI by the Accredited Standards Committee on Dry Cells and Batteries, C18. Committee approval of the standard does not necessarily imply that all committee members voted for its approval. At the time

36、it approved this standard, the C18 committee had the following members: Michael H. Babiak, Chair Steven Wicelinski, Vice Chair Andrei Moldoveanu, Secretary Organization Represented: Name of Representative: BAE Systems Andrew J. Markow Bureau Veritas, Consumer Product Services David Grandin Duracell

37、Steven Wicelinski S. Keel Kelly (Alternate) DeJager may be fitted in a case with terminals, markings and protective devices etc. as necessary for use. 4.2 cell, button or coin: A cell of circular cross-section in which the overall height is less than the overall diameter. Generally, button cells are

38、 non-lithium and coin cells are lithium chemistries. C18.2M, Part 2-2014 Page 2 2014 National Electrical Manufacturers Association 4.3 battery, portable: A battery that is easily hand carried by one person (less than 12 kg). 4.4 battery, primary: A battery that is not designed to be electrically rec

39、harged. 4.5 battery, prismatic: A battery having the shape of a parallelepiped whose faces are rectangular. 4.6 battery, secondary (rechargeable): A battery that is designed to be electrically recharged. 4.7 battery, round: A cylindrical battery, the overall height of which is greater than or equal

40、to its diameter. 4.8 capacity: Quantity of electricity, usually expressed in Ampere-hours (Ah), which a battery can deliver under specified discharge conditions. 4.9 capacity retention: The capability of a battery to retain capacity on open circuit under specified conditions. 4.10 cell: Basic functi

41、onal unit, consisting of an assembly of electrodes, electrolyte, container, terminals and usually separators, that is a source of electrical energy obtained by direct conversion of chemical energy. 4.11 cell, cycled: Cell cycled to full depth of discharge for 25 % of the manufacturers claimed cycle

42、life or when cell reaches 80 % of initial capacity, whichever comes first. 4.12 cell, cylindrical: A cell in the shape of a cylinder, the overall height of which is greater than its diameter. 4.13 cell, rechargeable (secondary): A cell that is designed to be electrically recharged. 4.14 charge: An o

43、peration during which a secondary cell or battery is supplied with electric energy from an external circuit for storage as chemical energy. 4.15 discharge: An operation during which a battery delivers power (current and voltage) to an external circuit by the conversion of chemical energy into electr

44、ical energy. 4.16 effective internal resistance (Re): The apparent opposition to current flow within a cell or battery that manifests itself as a drop in voltage proportional to the discharge current; its value depends on battery design, state of charge, temperature, and age. 4.17 explosion/disassem

45、bly: A vent or rupture where solid matter from any part of a cell or battery penetrates a wire mesh screen (annealed aluminum wire with a diameter of 0.25 mm and grid density of 6 to 7 wires per cm) placed 25 cm away from the cell or battery. 4.18 fire: Combustion of cell or battery components with

46、the emission of flame. 4.19 harm: Physical injury and/or damage to health or property. 4.20 hazard: A potential source of harm. 4.21 intended use: The use of a product, process, or service in accordance with specifications, information, and instructions provided by the supplier. 4.22 leakage: The un

47、planned escape of electrolyte or other material from a cell or battery. 4.23 nominal voltage: A suitable approximate value used to designate or identify the voltage of a cell, battery, or electrochemical system. C18.2M, Part 2-2014 Page 3 2014 National Electrical Manufacturers Association 4.24 polar

48、ity: The electrical convention used to describe the direction in which current flows on discharge. 4.25 rated: Declared value for a specific property or operating condition. 4.26 reasonably foreseeable misuse: The use of a product, process, or service under conditions or for purposes not intended by

49、 the supplier, but which may happen as a result of common human behavior. 4.27 risk: The probable rate of occurrence of a hazard causing harm and the degree of severity. 4.28 rupture: A rupture is a mechanical failure of a cell container or battery case, resulting in an expulsion of gas or spillage of liquids but not ejection of solid materials. 4.29 safety: Freedom from unacceptable risk of harm. 4.30 small cell or battery: A cell or battery fitting within the limits of the truncated cylinder as defined in Figure 1. Figure 1 Small cell or battery gauge (inn