NEMA Z535 1-2006 Safety Colors《安全颜色》.pdf

1、ANSI Z535.1-2006 (R2011) ANSI Z535.1-2006 (R2011) Reaffirmation of ANSI Z535.1-2006 American National Standard Safety Colors ANSI Z535.1-2006 (R2011) ANSI Z535.1-2006 (R2011) Reaffirmation of ANSI Z535.1-2006 American National Standard Safety Colors Secretariat: National Electrical Manufacturers Ass

2、ociation Approved February 16, 2006 Published January 31, 2007 Reaffirmed July 19, 2011 American National Standards Institute, Inc. DISCLAIMER The information in this publication was considered technically sound by the consensus of persons engaged in the development and approval of the document at t

3、he time it was developed. Consensus does not necessarily mean that there is unanimous agreement among every person participating in the development of this document. ANSI standards and guideline publications, of which the document contained herein is one, are developed through a voluntary consensus

4、standards development process. This process brings together volunteers and/or seeks out the views of persons who have an interest in the topic covered by this publication. While NEMA administers the process to promote fairness in the development of consensus, it does not write the document and it do

5、es not independently test, evaluate, or verify the accuracy or completeness of any information or the soundness of any judgments contained in its standards and guideline publications. NEMA disclaims liability for any personal injury, property, or other damages of any nature whatsoever, whether speci

6、al, indirect, consequential, or compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from the publication, use of, application, or reliance on this document. NEMA disclaims and makes no guaranty or warranty, express or implied, as to the accuracy or completeness of any information published herein, and di

7、sclaims and makes no warranty that the information in this document will fulfill any of your particular purposes or needs. NEMA does not undertake to guarantee the performance of any individual manufacturer or sellers products or services by virtue of this standard or guide. In publishing and making

8、 this document available, NEMA is not undertaking to render professional or other services for or on behalf of any person or entity, nor is NEMA undertaking to perform any duty owed by any person or entity to someone else. Anyone using this document should rely on his or her own independent judgment

9、 or, as appropriate, seek the advice of a competent professional in determining the exercise of reasonable care in any given circumstances. Information and other standards on the topic covered by this publication may be available from other sources, which the user may wish to consult for additional

10、views or information not covered by this publication. NEMA has no power, nor does it undertake to police or enforce compliance with the contents of this document. NEMA does not certify, test, or inspect products, designs, or installations for safety or health purposes. Any certification or other sta

11、tement of compliance with any health or safetyrelated information in this document shall not be attributable to NEMA and is solely the responsibility of the certifier or maker of the statement. ANSI Z535.1-2006 (R2011) i AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Approval of an American National Standard requires v

12、erification by ANSI that the requirements for due process, consensus, and other criteria for approval have been met by the standards developer. Consensus is established when, in the judgment of the ANSI Board of Standards Review, substantial agreement has been reached by directly and materially affe

13、cted interests. Substantial agreement means much more than a simple majority, but not necessarily unanimity. Consensus requires that all views and objections be considered, and that a concerted effort be made toward their resolution. The use of American National Standards is completely voluntary; th

14、eir existence does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he has approved the standards or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standards. The American National Standards Institute does not develop standards and will i

15、n no circumstances give an interpretation of any American National Standard. Moreover, no person shall have the right or authority to issue an interpretation of an American National Standard in the name of the American National Standards Institute. Requests for interpretations should be addressed to

16、 the secretariat or sponsor whose name appears on the title page of this standard. This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. The procedures of the American National Standards Institute require that action be taken periodically to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this stan

17、dard. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive current information on all standards by calling or writing the American National Standards Institute. Published by National Electrical Manufacturers Association 1300 North 17th Street, Rosslyn, VA 22209 Copyright 2011 by National Electrical

18、 Manufacturers Association All rights reserved including translation into other languages, reserved under the Universal Copyright Convention, the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works, and the International and Pan American Copyright Conventions. No part of this publicat

19、ion may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America. ANSI Z535.1-2006 (R2011) ii This page intentionally left blank.ANSI Z535.1-2006 (R2011) iii Contents Page Foreword v 1 In

20、troduction 1 2 Scope . 1 3 Purpose 1 3.1 Intent . 1 3.2 Engineering or administrative controls 1 3.3 Existing American National Standards 2 4 Application 2 4.1 Colors specified . 2 4.2 Specifications for safety colors . 2 4.3 Illumination 2 4.4 Optimum visibility 2 5 Color specifications and test me

21、thods for ordinary surface colors 2 5.1 Color specifications . 2 5.1.1 Primary color specifications . 2 5.1.2 Color tolerance charts 2 5.1.3 Safety white 2 5.1.4 Maximum recognition . 3 5.2 Visual test method. 3 5.2.1 Visual reference standards 3 5.2.2 Visual test conditions . 3 5.3 Instrumental tes

22、t method 3 5.3.1 Instrumental color specification for each color . 3 5.3.2 Use of spectrophotometers 3 6 Color specifications and test methods for retroreflective materials . 3 6.1 General . 3 6.2 Visual 4 6.3 Instrumental 4 7 Color specifications and instrumental test methods for fluorescent materi

23、als . 4 7.1 General . 4 7.2 Compliance tests . 4 7.3 Fundamental specifications of fluorescent safety colors 4 8 References . 4 ANSI Z535.1-2006 (R2011) iv Figures 1 CIE 1931 Chromaticity Diagram Showing the Areas Representing the ANSI Z535.1 Safety Colors 13 2 Enlarged View of the CIE 1931 Chromati

24、city Diagram Showing the Areas Representing the ANSI Z535.1 Safety Colors for White, Grey, and Black . 14 3 CIE 1931 Chromaticity Diagram Showing the Areas Representing Fluorescent Safety Color Illuminated by a Source Equivalent to CIE D65 and Measured Using 45/0 Geometry . 15 Tables 1 Specification

25、s of the Safety Colors for CIE Illuminant C (Representative of Overcast North Sky Daylight) and the CIE 1931, 2 Standard Observer . 7 2 Equations of the Boundary Lines for the Specified Chromaticity Regions of Fluorescent Safety Colors Illuminated by a Source Equivalent to CIE D65, Measured Using 15

26、/0 Geometry, and Expressed in the CIE 1931 System 11 3 Chromaticity Coordinates of the Corners of the Recommended Regions of Fluorescent Safety Colors Illuminated by a Source Equivalent to CIE D65, Measured Using 15/0 Geometry, and Expressed in the CIE 1931 System 11 4 Minimum Permissible Values of

27、Luminance Factors and/or Spectral (Total) Radiance Factors, Within the Indicated Wavelength Range, of Fluorescent Safety Colors Illuminated by a Source Equivalent to CIE D65 and Measured Using 45/0 Geometry . 12 Annexes A Understanding and Using the Color Specifications Set Forth in the ANSI Z535.1

28、Standard for Safety Colors 16 ANSI Z535.1-2006 (R2011) v Foreword In 1979, the ANSI Z53 Committee on Safety Colors was combined with the ANSI Z35 Committee on Safety Signs to form the ANSI Z535 Committee on Safety Signs and Colors. The Z535 Committee has the following scope: To develop standards for

29、 the design, application, and use of signs, colors, and symbols intended to identify and warn against specific hazards and for other accident prevention purposes. While the basic mission and fundamental purpose of the ANSI Z535 Committee is to develop, refine, and promote a single, uniform graphic s

30、ystem used for communicating safety and accident prevention information, the Z535 Committee recognizes that this information can also be effectively communicated using other graphic systems. The Z535 Committee created subcommittees to update the Z53 and Z35 standards and to write new standards. To d

31、ate, the following six standards comprise the ANSI Z535 series: ANSI Z535.1 Safety Colors ANSI Z53.1-1979 was updated and combined into this standard in 1991 ANSI Z535.2 Environmental and Facility Safety Signs ANSI Z35.1-1972 and Z35.4-1972 were updated and combined into this standard in 1991 ANSI Z

32、535.3 Criteria for Safety Symbols new in 1991 ANSI Z535.4 Product Safety Signs and Labels new in 1991 ANSI Z535.5 Safety Tags and Barricade Tapes (for Temporary Hazards) ANSI Z35.2-1974 was updated and combined into this standard in 1991 ANSI Z535.6 Product Safety Information in Product Manuals, Ins

33、tructions, and Other Collateral Materials new in 2006 Together, these six standards contain the information needed to specify formats, colors, and symbols for safety signs used in environmental and facility applications, product and product literature applications, and temporary safety tag and barri

34、cade tape applications. Published separately is the ANSI Z535 Safety Color Chart. This chart gives the user a sample of each of the safety colors red, orange, yellow, green, blue, purple, brown, grey, white, and black. It also describes each colors ink formulation and closest PANTONE color. This ANS

35、I Z535.1 standard was prepared by the Z535.1 Subcommittee on Safety Colors. The foreword and all annexes are considered to be informative; the body is considered normative. In the vocabulary of writing standards, the word “informative” is meant to convey that the content presented is for information

36、al purposes only and is not considered to be mandatory in nature. The word “normative“ is meant to convey that the content is considered to be mandatory or prescriptive. The 2011 edition of this standard is the eighth revision of the American War Standard, developed at the request of the War Departm

37、ent and approved by the American Standards Association (ASA) on July 16, 1945. The ASA was reconstituted as the USA Standards Institute (USASI) in August 1966, and as the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) in October 1969. Peacetime work on revising the American War Standard containing the

38、 Safety Color Code began in 1946 under committee procedures of the ASA, with the National Safety Council serving as sponsor of the project. The Sectional Committee on the Safety Color Code, Z53, reviewed the War Standard and enlarged its application to include the colors orange, blue, and purple. Th

39、e committee also approved standard definitions and limits for the colors. The revised standard was approved by the ASA on September 11, 1953. In the 1971 revision, the Z53 committee deleted the color blue and modified the application of the color yellow, due to conflicts with other American National

40、 Standards. In the fourth revision, a significant step forward was made toward increased safety through uniformity in safety color coding. The safety colors formerly used in this standard were combined and adjusted to give the best feasible discrimination for observers with either normal or color-de

41、ficient (colorblind) vision. For ANSI Z535.1-2006 (R2011) vi the first time, safety color tolerance charts were available for use with this standard (see Section 8, Reference 17). Each color tolerance chart shows the standard color and six color tolerances illustrating acceptable ranges in hue, valu

42、e (lightness), and chroma (saturation). Each color tolerance chart also lists the Munsell notation and equivalent CIE specifications (x, y, Y) for each standard color and tolerance sample. The colors brown, blue, and gray were added, and Table 1 was expanded to include the same information on most o

43、f the levels of the Universal Color Language (UCL) for the tolerance samples as for the standard or central sample of each Safety Color. Sections 1 to 6 of the present standard contain material similar to the fourth revision (Z53.1, 1979). The intent of the fifth revision (1991) of the safety color

44、standard was to provide a series of visually distinguishable safety colors, each with specific uses. The sixth revision in 1998 incorporated corrections and additions that helped to clarify the use of the standard in conjunction with the other Z535 standards. Annex A was also added at this time to e

45、xplain how to relate the CIE safety color specifications contained in Table 1 with the CIE chromaticity diagrams illustrated in Figures 1, 2, and 3. The seventh revision of the ANSI Z535.1 Safety Color Code, in 2002, had two major changes. The first is the deletion of information concerning the appl

46、ication of the safety colors. The intention in making this change was to maintain Z535.1 as the standard that defines the safety colors in terms of their color tolerances. The application of the colors (i.e., how they are to be used) properly belongs to the other standards in the ANSI Z535 series as

47、 well as to other standards that include uses for safety colors. The second change was to include the “closest PANTONE color” number for all of the safety colors on the Safety Color Chart that did not have a PANTONE color reference. This was a practical addition that makes it easier for those needin

48、g to specify a safety color using the PANTONE color matching system. It is important to note that the color-rendering characteristics of several types of modern, high-efficiency light sources differ markedly from those of the average daylight source (CIE Source C) specified in Table 1. It is therefo

49、re essential that candidate safety colors be examined under the actual light sources to be used in order to ensure that they can be suitably differentiated and individually identified with their assigned color names. The limited color gamut and aging characteristics of fluorescent colorants combine to restrict the number and chromaticities of fluorescent safety colors. For this reason, categories of unrestricted red-orange and unrestricted yellow fluorescent colors were added in 1998 to supplement the restricted specifications that are equivalent to CIE internationa