1、_SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising theref
2、rom, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2009 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this publication ma
3、y be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: +1 724-776-4970 (outside US
4、A) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.orgSAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http:/www.sae.org/technical/standards/AIR6006AEROSPACEINFORMATIONREPORTAIR6006 Issued 2009-12Modeling and Simulation Capabilities for
5、 Aerospace WDM LAN Applications RATIONALEIt is desirable to architect a new standard Wavelength Division Multiplexed (WDM) fiber optic network architecture for aerospace platforms that will not just supplement current networks, but completely replace all legacy networks to maximize the benefits of f
6、iber optic network technology and revolutionize networking in aerospace platforms. One of the goals of the availability of a WDM Local Area Network (LAN) standard is to help put in place metrics to evaluate and compare candidate architectures, thereby providing an objective perspective on the variou
7、s merits and complexities associated with each. Modeling and simulation tools are critical for addressing and realizing this goal. Designing, modeling, and simulating a high-speed WDM network to be deployed in an aerospace environment with its unique requirements is a challenging task that requires
8、the use of sophisticated modeling and simulation tools. FORWARDThe Society of Automotive Engineering (SAE) Avionic Systems Division (ASD) Technical Committee on Aerospace Avionic Systems sub-committee on Fiber Optics and Applied Photonics (AS-3) formed a standards working group in April 2005 with th
9、e goal of developing a standard for WDM LANs (wavelength division multiplexed local area networks) for aerospace applications. The working group is chartered to develop a standard with broad applicability to both commercial and military (tactical) aircraft. Wavelength division multiplexing provides
10、many potential benefits as the infrastructure communications cable plant in an aircraft. Along with these benefits, there are significant challenges. WDM network architectures must be capable of supporting all communication needs aboard the aircraft. The different communications types may range from
11、 high priority with tight latency requirements, to low priority with loose latency requirements. High priority traffic may include flight controls, while low priority traffic may include data collection for post-mission analysis. Different communications types may also have a variety of quality of s
12、ervice (QoS) requirements. Initial work in the standards group was broken down into two primary tasks, and a separate subtask group was formed to work on those two separate tasks. The first of these tasks was to develop a requirements specification for WDM LANs for aerospace applications. Several do
13、cuments are in the process of being developed through the work in that subtask group. The second of these tasks was to develop a document identifying modeling and simulation capabilities required. This document is the output from this subtask group.Following the completion of the work in these first
14、 two subtask groups, additional subtask groups will be formed. Documents produced by these first two working groups, including this present document, will be used to continue the work towards the development the aerospace WDM LAN standard and deployment of systems based upon it. SAE AIR6006 Page 2 o
15、f 48TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. SCOPE 51.1 Purpose . 52. REFERENCES 52.1 Applicable Documents 52.1.1 SAE Publications . 52.2 Related Publications . 52.2.1 SAE Publications . 52.2.2 Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA) Publications 52.2.3 ARINC Publications 52.2.4 IEEE Publications 62.2.5 SPIE Publ
16、ications 62.2.6 U.S. Government Publications 62.2.7 Web Site References 73. OVERVIEW . 74. ARCHITECTURES CAPABLE OF BEING EVALUATED . 84.1 Point-to-point . 84.2 Bus 84.3 Star 94.4 Ring . 94.5 Mesh . 104.6 Combinations of the above . 115. EVALUATION CRITERIA FOR ARCHITECTURES . 115.1 Metrics . 115.1.
17、1 Eye diagrams 115.1.2 Optical/RF spectra 115.1.3 SNR . 115.1.4 OSNR 115.1.5 Noise Figure (NF) . 115.1.6 Q values 115.1.7 BER . 125.1.8 Jitter. 125.1.9 Power transients . 125.1.10 Interference between channels. 125.1.11 Spurious Free Dynamic Range (SFDR) . 125.1.12 Channel isolation. 125.1.13 Impair
18、ments within the same channel 125.1.14 Optical power/loss budget . 125.1.15 Latency 125.1.16 Data throughput 135.1.17 Goodput 135.1.18 Operational availability uptime . 135.1.19 Mean time to recovery (MTTR) . 135.1.20 Costs cost of equipment, weight, total lifecycle costs 135.2 Acceptance Criteria .
19、 136. METHODOLOGIES FOR APPLICATION OF MODELING AND SIMULATION 136.1 Business Case Analysis 146.1.1 Business case analysis model inputs . 15SAE AIR6006 Page 3 of 486.1.2 Applications . 156.1.3 Methodologies . 156.2 Network Planning 166.2.1 Network-level model inputs . 166.2.2 Applications - evaluati
20、on of network capacity . 176.2.3 Methodologies . 186.3 Discrete-Event Network Simulation 196.3.1 Network-level model inputs . 196.3.2 Applications . 196.3.3 Petri Net Formalism Methodology . 206.4 Loss Budget Analysis 206.4.1 Loss budget analysis model inputs . 216.4.2 Applications . 226.4.3 Methodo
21、logies . 226.5 Physical-Layer System-Level Simulation 236.5.1 Physical-layer model inputs 236.5.2 Applications . 256.5.3 Methodologies . 266.6 Operational Limits Analysis . 276.6.1 Model inputs 276.6.2 Applications . 276.6.3 Methodologies . 286.7 Failure Modeling 286.7.1 Failure model (Reliability B
22、lock Diagram) inputs . 286.7.2 Applications . 296.7.3 Methodologies . 296.8 Reliability, Maintainability and Supportability 296.8.1 Model inputs 306.8.2 Applications . 316.8.3 Methodologies . 317. TOOLS REQUIRED 327.1 Requirements 327.2 Available Tools (commercial or otherwise widely available) . 33
23、7.2.1 Business case analysis . 337.2.2 Network simulation 347.2.3 Power/loss budget analysis 357.2.4 Time-domain waveform-level system simulation 357.2.5 Tools that bridge the optical physical layer and network layer . 367.2.6 Reliability and required preventive maintenance simulation tools 378. NEE
24、DED TOOLS 388.1 Cost/benefit Analysis 388.2 Dynamic Transient Simulation of Network and Physical Components . 408.3 Bi-directional Fiber Optic Bus Modeling 419. DESIGNING A WDM NETWORK FOR AVIONICS APPLICATIONSUSING MODELING AND SIMULATION . 429.1 Overall description of design flow . 429.2 Network-L
25、ayer Design Methodology . 429.2.1 Fault Analysis 429.2.2 Wavelength allocation analysis . 439.2.3 Traffic management 439.2.4 Quality of Service (QoS) management . 43SAE AIR6006 Page 4 of 489.3 Reliability-based Network Design . 439.4 Examples Highlighting Various Segments of Design Flow . 459.4.1 Ph
26、ysical-Layer simulation of mesh architecture with 4 nearest neighbor connections 459.4.2 Network-layer simulation of mesh architecture with 4 nearest neighbor connections 4710. CONCLUSION 4811. NOTE 48SAE AIR6006 Page 5 of 481. SCOPE This document provides an overview of currently available and need
27、 to be developed modeling and simulation capabilities required for implementing robust and reliable Aerospace WDM LAN applications.1.1 Purpose The purpose of this document is to provide relevant information on modeling and simulation capabilities to architects and designers of WDM LAN standards and
28、systems. The document is intended to be utilized in conjunction with existing SAE standards documents, AIR-6004 “Optical Networking Glossary Terminology” 1 and AIR-6005 “General Requirements for Wavelength Division Multiplexed (WDM) Backbone Networks” 2. 2. REFERENCES 2.1 Applicable Documents The fo
29、llowing publications form a part of this document to the extent specified herein. The latest issue of SAE publications shall apply. The applicable issue of other publications shall be the issue in effect on the date of the purchase order. In the event of conflict between the text of this document an
30、d references cited herein, the text of this document takes precedence. Nothing in this document, however, supersedes applicable laws and regulations unless a specific exemption has been obtained. 2.1.1 SAE Publications 2.2 Related Publications The following publications are provided for information
31、purposes only and are not a required part of this SAE Aerospace Technical Report. 2.2.1 SAE Publications Available from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel. 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org AIR6004 Optical Networkin
32、g Glossary Terminology 1 AIR6005 General Requirements for Wavelength Division Multiplexed (WDM) Backbone Networks 2 AS1773 Fiber Optics Mechanization of a Digital Time Division Command/Response Multiplex Data Bus 5 AS5603 SAE Aerospace Digital Fiber Optic Link Loss Budget Methodology for Aerospace P
33、latforms 9 AS5750 Loss Budget Specification for Fiber Optic Links 11 2.2.2 Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA) Publications Available from TIA, 2500 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 300, Arlington, VA 22201, Tel. 703-907-7700, www.tiaonline.org TIA-529-1 Single-Mode Fiber Optic System Transmission
34、Design 12 2.2.3 ARINC Publications Available from the Aeronautical Radio, Inc., 2551 River Road, Annapolis, MD 21401, ARINC 429 Mark 33 Digital Information Transfer System 4 SAE AIR6006 Page 6 of 482.2.4 IEEE Publications Available from the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 445 Hoe
35、s Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854-1331, Tel: 732-981-0060, www.ieee.org I. Roudas, et al., “Wavelength-Domain Simulation of Multiwavelength Optical Networks,” IEEE J. of Sel. Topics in Quantum Electronics, vol. 6, no. 2, March/April 2000. 6 B. K. Whitlock, et al., “Comprehensive Design Optimization of th
36、e Physical Layer of Optical Networks,“ in OSA/IEEE OFC/NFOEC2005 Technical Proceedings, paper NTuB3, March 8, 2005. 13 M. W. Beranek, A. R. Avak, R. L. Van Deven, “Military Digital Avionics Fiber-Optic Network Design for Maintainability and Supportability,” IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems (AES
37、S) Magazine, Vol. 21, No. 9, pp 18-24, Sep. 2006. 16 M. W. Beranek, A. R. Avak , “Improving Avionics Fiber Optic Network Reliability and Maintainability,” IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems (AESS) Magazine, vol. 22, no. 5, May 2007. 17 C. Reardon, I. Troxel, and A. George, Virtual Prototyping of
38、WDM Avionics Networks, 2005 IEEE/LEOS Avionics Fiber-Optics and Photonics (AVFOP) Conference, Minneapolis, MN, Sep. 20-22, 2005. 21 A. A. R. Lee and S. D. Rayner, “Avionics Architectures Incorporating Fibre Optic Technologies,” Proceedings of the IEEE LEOS AVFOP 2006 conference, paper TuB2, pp. 1011
39、, 2006. 23 M. Mezhoudi, C.-H. K. Chu, C. Jing, and C. Y. Long, “Integrating network quality, performance and cost control through reliability analysis in optical network design,” Telecommunications Network Strategy and Planning Symposium NETWORKS 2004, pp. 397-403. 24 B. K. Whitlock, H. N. Poulsen,
40、D. H. Richards, D. J. Blumenthal, “Physical-layer Modeling and Simulation of WDM Fiber Optic Network Architectures for Aerospace Platforms,” 2006 IEEE/LEOS Avionics Fiber-Optics and Photonics Conference, 2006. 25 H. N. Poulsen, D. H. Richards, A. Ramapanicker, D. J. Blumenthal, “Network Layer Modeli
41、ng of WDM Fiber Optics Network Architectures for Aerospace Platforms,” 2007 IEEE/LEOS Avionics Fiber-Optics and Photonics Conference, 2007. 26 2.2.5 SPIE Publications Available from SPIE, 1000 20th St., Bellingham WA 98225-6705, Tel: 360-676-3290, www.spie.org G. Boggio, M. Burzio, N. Portinaro, J.
42、Cai, I. Cerutti, A. Fumagalli, M. Tacca, L. Valcarenghi, A. Carena, R. Gaudino, “NetworkDesigner - Artifex - OptSim: a suite of integrated software tools for synthesis and analysis of high speed networks,” Optical Networks Magazine, September-October 2001, pp 27-41. 22 2.2.6 U.S. Government Publicat
43、ions Available from the Document Automation and Production Service (DAPS), Building 4/D, 700 Robbins Avenue, Philadephia, PA 19111-5094, Tel: 215-697-6257, http:/assist.daps.dla.mil/quicksearchMIL-STD-1553 Aircraft Internal Division Command/Response Multiplex Data Bus 3 MIL-STD-2052 Fiber Optic Syst
44、ems Design 10 MIL-HDBK-217F Reliability Prediction of Electronic Equipment, 1995 15 MIL-STD-3018 Parts Management SD-19 Parts Management Guide SAE AIR6006 Page 7 of 482.2.7 Web Site References http:/ 7 http:/wombat.doc.ic.ac.uk/foldoc 8 JDSUs DWDM Pocket Guide 14 http:/ 20 3. OVERVIEW This document
45、will address the following: Describe the types of architectures that are capable of being evaluated within the scope of the modeling and simulation capabilities under consideration in this document Describe the criteria for evaluation of the architectures within the scope Describe the methodologies
46、used to apply modeling and simulation capabilities within the scope of this effort List what tools are required What tools exist General description of tools in each category of the modeling and simulation abstraction hierarchy List of major/common tools in category Assumptions for each Limitations
47、for each Validation status for each What tools are yet required General description of tools in each category of the modeling and simulation abstraction hierarchy List of major/common tools in category Anticipated assumptions Anticipated limitations Strategy for validation Designing a WDM Network fo
48、r Avionics Applications Using Modeling and Simulation Overall description of a design flow Examples highlighting various segments of design flow SAE AIR6006 Page 8 of 484. ARCHITECTURES CAPABLE OF BEING EVALUATED There are a variety of architectures used to deploy optical networks. The architecture is chosen based upon the key requirements identified for the target network, such as the network performance and reliability, physical topology, and cost. Simulation and m
