1、SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirelyvoluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising therefro
2、m, is the sole responsibility of the user.”SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions.Copyright 2003 Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.All rights reserved. No part of this
3、 publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE.TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada)Tel: 724-776-4970 (
4、outside USA)Fax: 724-776-0790Email: custsvcsae.orgSAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.orgAEROSPACE RECOMMENDED PRACTICEARP5483/2Issued 2003-01Rolling Element Bearing Hardness Test1. SCOPE:This method outlines the standard procedure for testing the hardness of bearing components. Bearings covered by this
5、test method shall be any rolling element bearing used in airframe control.2. REFERENCES:2.1 Applicable Documents:The following publications form a part of this document to the extent specified herein. The latest issue of SAE publications shall apply. The applicable issue of other publications shall
6、be the issue in effect on the date of the purchase order. In the event of conflict between the text of this document and references cited herein, the text of this document takes precedence. Nothing in this document, however, supersedes applicable laws and regulations unless a specific exemption has
7、been obtained.2.1.1 ISO Publications: Available from ANSI, 25 West 43rd Street, New York, NY 10036-8002.ISO 3290 Metal Balls2.1.2 ASTM Publications: Available from ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor, West Conshohocken, PA 10036-2959.ASTM E 3 Standard Methods of Preparation of Metallographic SpecimensASTM E 18 St
8、andard Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness and Rockwell Superficial Hardness of Metallic MaterialsASTM E 140 Standard Hardness Conversion Tables for Metals, (Relationship Between Brinell Hardness, Vickers Hardness, Rockwell Hardness, Rockwell Superficial Hardness, and Knoop HardnessASTM E 384 Standar
9、d Test Method for Microhardness of MaterialsCopyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-SAE ARP5483/2 - 2 -2.2 Definitions:Case Hardness: The hardness measured on the surface of a case hardened par
10、t.Core Hardness: The hardness measured at a point below the total case depth which represents hardness of the product not affected by the case hardening operation.Effective Case Depth: The perpendicular distance below the surface of the part, at which the specified level of hardness is reached.Total
11、 Case Depth: The perpendicular distance below the surface at which no further decrease in hardness is observed.2.3 Order of Precedence:Text of standards and specifications that reference this test method takes precedence over the text of this document.3. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS:3.1 Measuring Hardness:3
12、.1.1 Hardness Tester: The hardness tester shall be capable of both Rockwell Hardness and Rockwell Superficial Hardness tests. Otherwise obtain a separate tester for each type of hardness test. Operation and standardization of the Rockwell Hardness and Rockwell Superficial Hardness tester shall be in
13、 accordance with ASTM E 18. Conversions between hardness scales may be made using the tables given in ASTM E 140. All cylindrical specimens tested must be corrected using Tables 6, 7, 13, and 14 from ASTM E 18.3.1.2 Microhardness Tester: The microhardness tester shall have a precision x-y stage accu
14、rate to 0.0005 inch in both axes. Operation and standardization of the microhardness tester shall be in accordance with ASTM E 384. Conversions between hardness scales may be made using the tables given in ASTM E 140.3.1.3 Metallographic Equipment: Standard metallographic mounting, grinding and poli
15、shing equipment shall be available.3.2 Test Bearings:Where applicable, bearings shall be disassembled by sectioning the inner and outer rings. The hardness of the inner ring raceway, outer ring raceway and of three rolling elements shall be tested. Hardness of the rod end body or riveted flanges of
16、bellcrank bearings shall be tested also.Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-SAE ARP5483/2 - 3 -3.3 Sample Preparation:3.3.1 Case Hardened Materials: Cut test specimens approximately 1/4 inc
17、h thick from both the inner and outer rings and rolling elements. Cuts shall be made perpendicular to the hardened surface. Mount, grind and polish each specimen in accordance with ASTM E 3.3.3.2 Through Hardened Materials:3.3.2.1 Rings: Rockwell hardness test specimens from inner and outer rings sh
18、all have at least a 1/8 inch cross sectional thickness and parallel edges. Specimens having a cross sectional thickness less than this shall be tested on a superficial hardness tester. If the specimen is to be tested on a microhardness tester it shall be mounted, ground and polished in accordance wi
19、th ASTM E 3.3.3.2.2 Rolling Elements: Rollers that are tapered shall be sectioned and prepared for microhardness testing. Non-tapered rollers shall be tested on a Rockwell hardness (or microhardness) tester or a Rockwell superficial hardness tester. Small diameter rollers may be sectioned and prepar
20、ed for microhardness testing if the accuracy of non-sectioned results is in question. Balls shall be inspected per ISO 3290. Plain spherical bearing balls shall be treated as rings per 3.3.2.1.4. DETAILED REQUIREMENTS:4.1 Case Hardened Materials:4.1.1 Case Depth: On each polished specimen make a mic
21、rohardness traverse perpendicular to the hardened surface. The first test shall be 0.001 to 0.003 inch from the surface. Continue testing inwards at 0.005 inch increments until a hardness of below 50 Rockwell C (542 Knoop, 500 gm) is achieved. Graph hardness versus distance from the surface. The eff
22、ective case depth is defined as the distance below the surface where the hardness reaches 50 Rockwell C.4.1.2 Core Hardness: In the central region of each polished sample take five microhardness measurements. The average of these readings shall be defined as the core hardness.4.2 Through Hardened Ma
23、terials:4.2.1 Balls: Balls shall be tested in accordance with ISO 3290. Conversions between hardness scales may be made using the tables given in ASTM E 140.4.2.2 Specimens to be Tested for Rockwell Hardness or Rockwell Superficial Hardness: Sectioned inner and outer ring specimens shall be tested u
24、sing the Rockwell C scale taking the average of five readings. Rollers shall be tested on a Rockwell hardness, Rockwell Superficial Hardness or other hardness testing equipment. Small diameter rollers may be sectioned and prepared for microhardness testing if the accuracy of non-sectioned results is
25、 in question. In all cases, the average of five readings shall be taken.Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-SAE ARP5483/2 - 4 -4.2.3 Specimens to be Tested for Microhardness: On all polishe
26、d specimens the average of five readings shall be taken. Conversions between hardness scales may be made using the tables given in ASTM E 140. All cylindrical specimens tested must be corrected using Tables 6, 7, 13, and 14 from ASTM E 18.4.3 Bellcrank Bearings:Rod end shanks and riveting flanges of
27、 bellcrank bearings shall be tested using the Rockwell 30N scale. Readings on the rod end shanks shall be taken as close to the end as possible. The average of five readings shall be taken. Ensure keyslots and/or threads are not damaged.4.4 Hardness Test Data:A traceable record of the hardness data
28、for the bearings being evaluated shall be required and established by recording the hardness readings for each component along with the date, bearing part number, lot number, and manufacturers name. Bearings whose hardness readings meet the requirements specified on the applicable specification, spe
29、cification sheet or MS shall be judged acceptable (see 6.3).5. DOCUMENTATION:5.1 Test Parameters:The following parameters shall be specified in the individual specification or standard:a. Failure criteria5.2 Test Data:The following information shall be recorded in report format:5.2.1 Bearing Descrip
30、tion:a. Part numberb. Lot identificationc. Manufacturer5.2.2 Test Equipment:a. Equipment name, model number, and serial numberb. Calibration datac. Operatord. Date testedCopyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without li
31、cense from IHS-,-SAE ARP5483/2 - 5 -5.2.3 Results:a. Requirementsb. Measured valuesc. Measurement units5.2.4 Failures or Problems:a. Description of failuresb. Corrective action takenc. Description of any malfunction resulting in an invalid or interrupted test6. NOTES:6.1 Intended Use:This test metho
32、d is intended to evaluate the hardness of bearing components.6.2 Method of Reference:The following note shall be used to reference this test method:NOTE: The bearings shall be tested in accordance with ARP5483/2.6.3 Key Words:Metallographic, microhardness, Rockwell superficial hardnessPREPARED UNDER THE JURISDICTION OFSAE SUBCOMMITTEE ACBGREB, ROLLING ELEMENT BEARING OFCOMMITTEE ACBG, AIRFRAME CONTROL BEARINGS GROUPCopyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-
