1、_ SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising there
2、from, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be revised, reaffirmed, stabilized, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2012 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this p
3、ublication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: +1 724-776-497
4、0 (outside USA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.org SAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http:/www.sae.org/technical/standards/AS6165 AEROSPACE STANDARD AS6165 Issued 2012-12 Interface Standard, Airborne EO/I
5、R Systems, Maintenance and Test RATIONALE This document was created to standardize the use of the electrical and data interfaces between aircraft and EO-IR sensors for the purposes of maintenance and test to reduce the overall cost of development of sensors and their associated support equipment as
6、well as the associated life cycle support costs. This activity was initiated at the request of the U.S. Navy in 2009. While this standard was written with aircraft platforms as it primary intended application it is applicable to any platform that integrates EO/IR sensor systems. FOREWORD AS6165 is a
7、 standard that utilizes the electrical and data interfaces defined by AS6129 and AS6135. In particular, it defines the communication protocols and parameters and other data that would be required to support maintenance and test of an EO/IR system especially when installed on an aircraft or other pla
8、tform. This document was prepared by the AS-1C2, EO/IR Sensor System Maintenance and Test Interface Task Group, under the jurisdiction of the AS-1C Subcommittee, Avionic Subsystems, of the AS-1 Committee, Platform Systems and System Integration. SAE AS6165 Page 2 of 15 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. SCOPE 3 1
9、.1 Relationship Between Platform/Sensor Interfaces and SAE Standards 3 1.2 Purpose . 4 1.3 Application . 4 2. REFERENCES 4 2.1 Applicable Documents 4 2.1.1 SAE Publications . 4 2.1.2 NATO Publications 4 2.1.3 Industry Documents 5 2.2 Order of Precedence . 5 2.3 Definitions . 5 2.4 Acronyms 8 3. GENE
10、RAL REQUIREMENTS . 8 3.1 Power 9 3.2 Command, Status, and Response 9 3.2.1 Maintenance Mode Control . 11 3.3 Safety Discretes 11 3.4 Upload Software Updates and Sensor Configuration/Calibration Data 11 3.5 Diagnostics and Prognostics. 11 3.6 Imagery . 11 4. DETAILED REQUIREMENTS 12 4.1 Power 12 4.2
11、Command, Status, and Response Messages (CSRM) 12 4.2.1 Maintenance Mode . 12 4.2.2 Safety 13 4.3 Geospatial Position Data 13 4.4 Time Stamping and Time Synchronization . 13 4.5 Hand Controller . 13 4.6 Uploading Software Updates 13 4.7 Diagnostics and Prognostics. 14 4.7.1 Diagnostic State Variables
12、 14 4.7.2 File Download . 15 4.8 Imagery . 15 5. NOTES 15 FIGURE 1 RELATED SAE STANDARDS 3 FIGURE 2 M b. external initiation of built-in-test (BIT) functions; c. performance of other diagnostic tests of system health; d. downloading M e. uploading software changes. This standard does not cover mecha
13、nical or electrical interfaces, nor does it define the basic platform-to-sensor communication protocols and formats. Furthermore, this standard does not address software changes that are made by the manufacturer and not accessible at the sensor interfaces. Data protocols and formats are covered by A
14、S6135. Electrical interfaces are covered by AS6129. This standard covers the use of the interfaces defined by AS6129 and AS6135 for the purposes described herein. 1.1 Relationship Between Platform/Sensor Interfaces and SAE Standards Figure 1 shows the relationship between the interfaces and the vari
15、ous SAE standards. Standard AS6129 (Electrical) covers Power, Connectors, and Communications (transport, the physical layer). Standard AS6135 (Data), covers both the Communications and the various data (e.g., imagery, meta-data, Command and Status). AS6135 overlaps AS6129 in the area of Communicatio
16、ns, in particular protocols for data transport. AS6135 and AS6129 are closely bound together in that the data types, volumes, formats, and protocols defined in one standard force certain selections in the creation or update of the other. AS6165 (Maintenance and Test) overlaps both AS6129 and AS6135.
17、 A separate standard, AS6169, will cover the mechanical interface. FIGURE 1 - RELATED SAE STANDARDS SAE AS6165 Page 4 of 15 1.2 Purpose The intent of this standard is to enhance interchangeability and interoperability amongst equipment provided by various EO/IR system vendors and associated electron
18、ic systems with respect to M http:/nsa.nato.int/nsa/. STANAG 4586 UAV Control Systems (USCS) Architecture STANAG 4609 NATO Digital Motion Imagery Standard SAE AS6165 Page 5 of 15 2.1.3 Industry Documents 2.1.3.1 IEEE Publications Available from Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 445
19、Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854-1331, Tel: 732-981-0060, www.ieee.org. IEEE-802.3ab Physical Layer Parameters and Specifications for 1000 Mb/s Operation Over 4 Pair of Category 5 Balanced Copper Cabling, Type 1000BASE-T IEEE-802.3ae Media Access Control (MAC) Parameters, Physical Layers, and Managem
20、ent Parameters for 10 Gb/s Operation 2.1.3.2 IETF Publications Available at http:/www.ietf.org/. RFC 959 File Transfer Protocol (FTP) 2.2 Order of Precedence In the event of a conflict between the text of this document and the references cited herein, the text of this document takes precedence. Noth
21、ing in this document, however, supersedes applicable laws and regulations unless a specific exemption as been obtained. 2.3 Definitions COMMAND, STATUS, AND RESPONSE INTERFACE: The data elements and message sets passed between the host platform and the sensor used to control the operation of the sen
22、sor. This interface may also be used to check sensor operation. The protocol for passing these messages is handled in coordination with the AS6129. AS6129 also covers the requirements for conductors/fiber optics. The following types of information are passed through the Command, Status, and Response
23、 Interface: a. COMMANDS: The set of all digital instructions transmitted to the EO/IR system from the controller which directs its operation. These instructions come from an operator, from the platform, or from a pre-programmed set of instructions. These commands, for example, instruct the EO/IR sys
24、tem where to point and which features to utilize in gathering images, such as: slew left; turn on stabilization; lock onto a geo-location; change magnification to X; display black as hot vs. white hot; turn on image fusion; etc. b. STATUS: Digital information returned from the EO/IR system back to t
25、he operator, platform, or recorder which provides feedback on sensor operation and other indications of its condition. Examples of this information include: magnification level, azimuth and elevation, stabilization setting, output scale setting for thermal sensors, heading, etc. Another example is t
26、he Built-In Test (BIT) information which might occur periodically, in response to a command, or only if a fault or warning is detected. Status information can overlap with metadata. Status can include non-embedded Imagery metadata, Geospatial Position and Time, Hand Controller, and/or Maintenance da
27、ta. c. RESPONSES: Digital information returned from the EO/IR system back to the operator, platform, in reply or reaction to a command. Responses are a sub-set of Status. For example, if the command is to turn on stabilization, the response could be “stabilization is on”. SAE AS6165 Page 6 of 15 COM
28、MONALITY: A shared feature or attribute. Or a shared set of features or attributes.1ELECTRONICS CONTROL UNIT (ECU): An electronic unit logically between the platform and the sensor, typically inside the platform, which is part of the sensor system, but external to the turret. ELECTRO-OPTIC/INFRARED
29、(EO/IR) SENSOR: A sensor which generates images based on a specific region of the electromagnetic spectrum (UV, Visible, Near-Infrared (NIR), Short Wave Infrared (SWIR), Mid-Wave Infrared (MWIR) and/or Long Wave Infrared (LWIR). It can be either the imager itself (e.g., a night vision camera) or a t
30、urret (gimbal) or pod which includes the imager. The turret or pod may also contain lasers operating in the EO/IR spectrum EO/IR SENSOR POD: An aerodynamically shaped fixed housing containing EO/IR sensors external to the aircraft, typically mounted on a pylon. EO/IR SENSOR TURRET: A motorized gimba
31、led mount for one or more EO/IR sensors permitting rotation about one or more axes. This rotation allows the sensors to be pointed relatively independent of the platform on which it is mounted. FRAME: A single image from a sensor. GEOSPATIAL POSITION DATA: Data in reference to translational and rota
32、tional position, velocity, and acceleration, etc., of the platform and current time. Characteristics of the data include: (1) Minimum rate data to be provided, (2) Data latency, (3) Maximum time stamp error (if data latency cannot be met), and (4) Data format to be reported in WGS 84 Height Above El
33、lipsoid. IMAGE: 1. A visible impression obtained by a camera, telescope, microscope, or other device, or displayed on a computer or video screen.22. An optical counterpart or appearance of an object, as is produced by reflection from a mirror, refraction by a lens, or the passage of luminous rays th
34、rough a small aperture and their reception on a surface.3IMAGE COMPRESSION: Compression is the encoding of information while reducing the bandwidth or bits required. Image Compression is the compression of an image for storage or transmission.4a. TRUE LOSSLESS IMAGE COMPRESSION: A form of image comp
35、ression where the decompressed image is numerically identical to the source image. b. VISUALLY LOSSLESS IMAGE COMPRESSION: A form of image compression where there is no subjective loss of image quality. c. LOSSY IMAGE COMPRESSION: A form of image compression wherein there may be loss in subjective i
36、mage fidelity. IMAGE FORMAT: The horizontal and vertical pixel densities and the temporal update rate. It may also denote how an image or image sequence is packaged, stored and transported. This includes compression methods such as H.264, formats such as National Imagery Transmission Format (NITF),
37、and interface standards such as SMPTE ST 292-1. IMAGERY: Visual images collectively. 1Derived from definition in: the American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition copyright 2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company, updated in 2009. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights re
38、served. 2(http:/ 4/10/2012 3http:/ visited 4/1/2011 4http:/ SAE AS6165 Page 7 of 15 INTERCHANGEABILITY: A condition which exists when two or more items possess such functional and physical characteristics as to be equivalent in performance and durability, and are capable of being exchanged one for t
39、he other without alteration of the items themselves, or of adjoining items, except for adjustment, and without selection for fit and performance5. INTEROPERABILITY: The ability of two or more systems or components to exchange information and to use the information that has been exchanged.6METADATA:
40、Data about the Imagery. Examples include: a. the time the image was generated; b. the location of and information about the platform (e.g., latitude, longitude, altitude, pitch, roll, and heading of the platform); c. information about the sensor (e.g., azimuth and elevation of the gimbal, the zoom l
41、evel); d. information about the target at the time the image(s) were taken (e.g., latitude and longitude). Metadata can be incorporated into the image file and/or be sent in parallel. MOTION IMAGERY: A sequential or continuous stream of images, utilizing Motion Imagery Standards Board (MISB) formats
42、, that enable observation of the dynamic behavior of objects within the scene. SOFTWARE: The programs, routines, and symbolic languages that control the functioning of the hardware and direct its operation.7STILL IMAGERY: One or more individual images that use the NITF format. TRANSPORT: A mechanism
43、 to move, carry, convey or transfer data and/or signals from one place to another. VIDEO: A type of Motion Imagery, typically at frame rates used in television broadcasting. The word “video” has also been used to include non-television formats such as those found in the consumer internet community.
44、5Federal Standard 1037C, Telecommunications: Glossary of Telecommunication Terms. http:/www.its.bldrdoc.gov/fs-1037/fs-1037c.htm Visited on March 22, 2011. 6IEEE Glossary 7The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition copyright 2000 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Updated in
45、2009. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. SAE AS6165 Page 8 of 15 2.4 Acronyms Table 1 shows the list of acronyms. TABLE 1 - ACRONYMS Acronym Description ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange BIT Built-In-Test COTS Commercial Off The Shelf CSR Command, Stat
46、us, and Response CSRM Command, Status and Response Message ECU Electronics Control Unit EO/IR Electro-Optic Infrared FPA Focal Plane Array FTP File Transfer Protocol GPS Global Positioning System ICD Interface Control Document IMU Inertial Measurement Unit M b. execution of external diagnostics; c.
47、facilitating automated in-air reporting; d. calibration functions. The commands required to execute these functions shall conform to the requirements of AS6135. 3.6 Imagery EO/IR systems typically have multiple imagery/video output channels that can be routed to any number of platform subsystems suc
48、h as monitors, recorders, microwave downlink, etc. The formats of these imagery data and their associated metadata are described in AS6135. As illustrated in Figure 3, if one or more of those channels are required for M&T purposes, and there is a desire to avoid disconnecting the J3 and/or J4 video interfaces, then the specific installation of the sensor system on the platform can route those channels to a test point or directly to a piece of test equipment on the platform. Alternatively, on systems that are Ethernet and compressed video enabled, multiple channels of compressed video will be
