1、 Collection of SANS standards in electronic format (PDF) 1. Copyright This standard is available to staff members of companies that have subscribed to the complete collection of SANS standards in accordance with a formal copyright agreement. This document may reside on a CENTRAL FILE SERVER or INTRA
2、NET SYSTEM only. Unless specific permission has been granted, this document MAY NOT be sent or given to staff members from other companies or organizations. Doing so would constitute a VIOLATION of SABS copyright rules. 2. Indemnity The South African Bureau of Standards accepts no liability for any
3、damage whatsoever than may result from the use of this material or the information contain therein, irrespective of the cause and quantum thereof. ISBN 978-0-626-22642-8 SANS 10037:2009 Edition 2 and ISO corr. 1 ISO 37:2005 Edition 4 and corr. 1SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Rubber, vulcanized or t
4、hermoplastic Determination of tensile stress-strain properties This national standard is the identical implementation of ISO 37:2005 and is adopted with the permission of the International Organization for Standardization. Published by SABS Standards Division 1 Dr Lategan Road Groenkloof Private Bag
5、 X191 Pretoria 0001 Tel: +27 12 428 7911 Fax: +27 12 344 1568 www.sabs.co.za SABS This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS. SANS 10037:2009 Edition 2 and ISO corr. 1 ISO 37:2005 Edition 4 and corr. 1 Table of changes Change No. Date Scop
6、e ISO corr. 1 2008 Corrected to replace a subclause. National foreword This South African standard was approved by National Committee SABS TC 45, Rubber and rubber products, in accordance with the SABS Standards Division, in compliance with annex 3 of the WTO/TBT agreement. This SANS document was pu
7、blished in April 2009. This SANS document supersedes SANS 10037:2003 (edition 1). This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS.ICS 83.060 Ref. No. ISO 37:2005/Cor.1:2008(E) ISO 2008 All rights reserved Published in Switzerland INTERNATIONAL
8、STANDARD ISO 37:2005 TECHNICAL CORRIGENDUM 1 Published 2008-01-15 INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDIZATION ORGANISATION INTERNATIONALE DE NORMALISATIONRubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic Determination of tensile stress-strain properties TECHNICAL CORRIGENDUM 1 Caoutchouc vulcanis ou thermoplas
9、tique Dtermination des caractristiques de contrainte-dformation en traction RECTIFICATIF TECHNIQUE 1 Technical Corrigendum 1 to ISO 37:2005 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 45, Rubber and rubber products, Subcommittee SC 2, Testing and analysis. Page 9 Replace Subclause 12.3 by the followi
10、ng: 12.3 Comparison of groups of test pieces If two groups of test pieces (either dumb-bells or rings) are being compared, the median thickness of each group shall be within 7,5 % of the grand median thickness of the two groups. SANS 10037:2009This standard may only be used and printed by approved s
11、ubscription and freemailing clients of the SABS. Reference number ISO 37:2005(E) ISO 2005INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 37 Fourth edition 2005-07-15 Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic Determination of tensile stress-strain properties Caoutchouc vulcanis ou thermoplastique Dtermination des caractristiqu
12、es de contrainte-dformation en traction SANS 10037:2009This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS.ISO 37:2005(E) PDF disclaimer This PDF file may contain embedded typefaces. In accordance with Adobes licensing policy, this file may be prin
13、ted or viewed but shall not be edited unless the typefaces which are embedded are licensed to and installed on the computer performing the editing. In downloading this file, parties accept therein the responsibility of not infringing Adobes licensing policy. The ISO Central Secretariat accepts no li
14、ability in this area. Adobe is a trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated. Details of the software products used to create this PDF file can be found in the General Info relative to the file; the PDF-creation parameters were optimized for printing. Every care has been taken to ensure that the file is
15、 suitable for use by ISO member bodies. In the unlikely event that a problem relating to it is found, please inform the Central Secretariat at the address given below. ISO 2005 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or b
16、y any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-m
17、ail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2005 All rights reservedSANS 10037:2009This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS.ISO 37:2005(E) ISO 2005 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword iv 1 Scope. 1 2 N
18、ormative references. 1 3 Terms and definitions. 1 4 Principle. 3 5 General. 4 6 Test pieces 5 7 Apparatus 6 8 Number of test pieces 7 9 Preparation of test pieces 7 10 Conditioning of sample and test pieces. 8 11 Marking of dumb-bell test pieces 8 12 Measurement of test pieces. 9 13 Procedure 9 14 T
19、emperature of test 10 15 Calculation of results . 10 16 Expression of results. 12 17 Test report. 13 Annex A (informative) Preparation of type B ring test pieces . 14 Annex B (informative) Precision . 17 Annex C (informative) Analysis of ITP data and dumb-bell shape 21 Bibliography . 25 SANS 10037:2
20、009This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS.ISO 37:2005(E) iv ISO 2005 All rights reservedForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The w
21、ork of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-govern
22、mental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The
23、 main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote.
24、 Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 37 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 45, Rubber and rubber products, Subcommittee SC 2,
25、 Testing and analysis. This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition (ISO 37:1994). The major changes incorporated in this revision are as follows: The addition of a new dumb-bell test piece designated type 1A. The addition of a new annex, Annex B, with precision data on type 1, type 2
26、and type 1A test pieces. The addition of a new annex, Annex C, with an analysis of the dependence of the precision data on dumb-bell test piece shape. SANS 10037:2009This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS.INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 37:
27、2005(E) ISO 2005 All rights reserved 1 Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic Determination of tensile stress-strain properties 1 Scope This International Standard describes a method for the determination of the tensile stress-strain properties of vulcanized and thermoplastic rubbers. The properties wh
28、ich can be determined are tensile strength, elongation at break, stress at a given elongation, elongation at a given stress, stress at yield and elongation at yield. The measurement of stress and strain at yield applies only to some thermoplastic rubbers and certain other compounds. 2 Normative refe
29、rences The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 5893, Rubber and plastics test equipme
30、nt Tensile, flexural and compression types (constant rate of traverse) Specification ISO 23529:2004, Rubber General procedures for preparing and conditioning test pieces for physical test methods 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.
31、1 tensile stress S stress applied so as to extend the test piece NOTE It is calculated as the applied force per unit area of the original cross-section of the test length. 3.2 elongation E tensile strain, expressed as a percentage of the test length, produced in the test piece by a tensile stress 3.
32、3 tensile strength TS maximum tensile stress recorded in extending the test piece to breaking point NOTE See Figures 1a) to 1c). SANS 10037:2009This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS.ISO 37:2005(E) 2 ISO 2005 All rights reservedKey E e
33、longation S ystress at yield E belongation at break TS tensile strength E yelongation at yield TS btensile strength at break S stress Y yield point Figure 1 Illustration of tensile terms SANS 10037:2009This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the
34、 SABS.ISO 37:2005(E) ISO 2005 All rights reserved 3 3.4 tensile strength at break TS btensile stress recorded at the moment of rupture NOTE 1 See Figures 1a) to 1c). NOTE 2 The values of TS and TS bmay be different if, after yield at S y , the elongation continues and is accompanied by a drop in str
35、ess, resulting in TS bbeing lower than TS see Figure 1c). 3.5 elongation at break E btensile strain in the test length at breaking point NOTE See Figures 1a) to 1c). 3.6 elongation at a given stress E stensile strain in the test length when the test piece is subjected to a given tensile stress 3.7 s
36、tress at a given elongation S etensile stress in the test length required to produce a given elongation NOTE In the rubber industry, this definition is widely identified with the term “modulus”, and care should be taken to avoid confusion with the other use of “modulus” to denote the slope of the st
37、ress-strain curve at a given elongation. 3.8 tensile stress at yield S ytensile stress at the first point on the stress-strain curve where some further increase in strain occurs without any increase in stress NOTE This may correspond to either a point of inflection see Figure 1b) or to a maximum see
38、 Figure 1c). 3.9 elongation at yield E ytensile strain at the first point on the stress-strain curve where some further increase in strain is not accompanied by an increase in stress NOTE See Figures 1b) and 1c). 3.10 test length of a dumb-bell initial distance between reference points within the le
39、ngth of the narrow portion of a dumb-bell test piece used to measure elongation NOTE See Figure 2. 4 Principle Standard test pieces, either dumb-bells or rings, are stretched in a tensile-testing machine at a constant rate of traverse of the driven grip or pulley. Readings of force and elongation ar
40、e taken as required during the uninterrupted stretching of the test piece and when it breaks. SANS 10037:2009This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS.ISO 37:2005(E) 4 ISO 2005 All rights reserved5 General Dumb-bell and ring test pieces d
41、o not necessarily give the same values for their respective stress-strain properties. This is mainly because in stretched rings the stress is not uniform over the cross-section. A second factor is in the existence of “grain” which may cause dumb-bells to give different values depending whether their
42、 length is parallel or at right angles to the grain. The main points to be noted in choosing between rings and dumb-bells are as follows: a) Tensile strength Dumb-bells are preferable for determination of tensile strength. Rings give lower, sometimes much lower, values than dumb-bells. b) Elongation
43、 at break Rings give approximately the same values as dumb-bells, provided that 1) the elongation of rings is calculated as a percentage of the initial internal circumference and 2) dumb-bells are cut at right angles to the grain if this is present to a significant degree. Dumb-bells shall be used i
44、f it is required to study grain effects for which rings are not suitable. c) Elongation at a given stress and stress at a given elongation The larger dumb-bells (types 1, 2 and 1A) are generally preferred. Rings and dumb-bells give approximately the same values provided that 1) the elongation of rin
45、gs is calculated as a percentage of the initial mean circumference and 2) the average value is taken for dumb-bells cut parallel and at right angles to the grain if this is present to a significant degree. Rings may be preferred in automated testing, due to the ease of handling of the test pieces, a
46、nd in the determination of stress at a given strain. d) Miniature test pieces may give somewhat different, usually higher, values for tensile strength and elongation at break than the larger test pieces. Seven types of test piece are provided, i.e. dumb-bell-shaped types 1, 2, 3, 4 and 1A and ring-s
47、haped types A (normal) and B (miniature). The results obtained for a given material are likely to vary according to the type of test piece used, and the results obtained for different materials should therefore not be regarded as comparable unless the same type of test piece has been used. Type 3 an
48、d 4 dumb-bell test pieces and type B ring test pieces shall only be used where insufficient material is available for the larger test pieces. These test pieces are particularly suitable for testing products and are used in certain product standards, e.g. type 3 dumb-bells have been used for testing
49、pipe sealing rings and cables. When preparation of test pieces requires buffing or thickness adjustment, results may be affected. SANS 10037:2009This standard may only be used and printed by approved subscription and freemailing clients of the SABS.ISO 37:2005(E) ISO 2005 All rights reserved 5 6 Test pieces 6.1 Dumb-bells Dumb-bell test pieces shall have the outline shown in Figure 2. Key 1 test length (see Table 1) Figure 2 Shape of dum
