1、 Collection of SANS standards in electronic format (PDF) 1. Copyright This standard is available to staff members of companies that have subscribed to the complete collection of SANS standards in accordance with a formal copyright agreement. This document may reside on a CENTRAL FILE SERVER or INTRA
2、NET SYSTEM only. Unless specific permission has been granted, this document MAY NOT be sent or given to staff members from other companies or organizations. Doing so would constitute a VIOLATION of SABS copyright rules. 2. Indemnity The South African Bureau of Standards accepts no liability for any
3、damage whatsoever than may result from the use of this material or the information contain therein, irrespective of the cause and quantum thereof. ISBN 978-0-626-21415-9 SANS 1100:2009Edition 1.1Any reference to SABS 1100 is deemedto be a reference to this standard(Government Notice No. 1373 of 8 No
4、vember 2002)SOUTH AFRICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Industrial laminated sheets based on phenolic resin Published by SABS Standards Division 1 Dr Lategan Road Groenkloof Private Bag X191 Pretoria 0001Tel: +27 12 428 7911 Fax: +27 12 344 1568 www.sabs.co.za SABS SANS 1100:2009 Edition 1.1 Table of changes Ch
5、ange No. Date Scope Amdt 1 2009 Amended to change the designation of SABS standards to SANS standards, to change the definition of “acceptable”, and to update referenced standards. Acknowledgement The SABS Standards Division wishes to acknowledge the valuable assistance derived from publications of
6、the following organizations: International Electrotechnical Commission International Organization for Standardization National Electrical Manufacturers Association Foreword This South African standard was approved by National Committee SABS SC 67B, Electricity distribution systems and components Low
7、-voltage switchgear, in accordance with procedures of the SABS Standards Division, in compliance with annex 3 of the WTO/TBT agreement. This document was published in May 2009. This document supersedes SABS 1100:1976 (first edition). A vertical line in the margin shows where the text has been techni
8、cally modified by amendment No. 1. SANS 1100:2009 Edition 1.1 1 Contents Page Acknowledgement Foreword 1 Scope 3 2 Definitions . 3 3 Type designation and general requirements . 4 4 Constructional requirements . 6 5 Electrical and physical requirements . 10 6 Packing and marking . 15 7 Sampling and c
9、ompliance with the specification. 15 8 Inspection and methods of test . 16 8.1 Inspection . 16 8.2 Preparation of specimens and conditions of testing 16 8.3 Dimensions . 17 8.4 Flexural strength (sheets of thickness at least 1,6 mm only) . 17 8.5 Impact strength (applicable only to types X, XX, XXX,
10、 C, CE, L, and LE of thickness at least 3,15 mm) 19 8.6 Water absorption (not applicable to types X, XP, and XX of thickness less than 0,8 mm) 20 8.7 Breakdown voltage (not applicable to types X, XP, XPC, C, and L and, in the edgewise direction, to sheets of thickness less than 6,3 mm) . 21 8.8 Insu
11、lation resistance after immersion in water (not applicable to types X, XP, XPC, C, and L and sheets of thickness greater than 3,15 mm) 23 8.9 Dielectric dissipation factor and relative permittivity at 1 MHz (type XXX of thickness not exceeding 6,3 mm, types XXXP and XXXPC, and copper-clad sheets onl
12、y) 25 8.10 Solder float test 28 8.11 Peel strength test . 29 8.12 Purity of copper foil. 29 Figures 1-9 . 30-37 Appendix A Applicable standards 38 Appendix B Notes to purchasers . 38 Appendix C Type designation of sheets. 39 SANS 1100:2009 Edition 1.1 2 This page is intentionally left blank SANS 110
13、0:2009 Edition 1.1 3 Industrial laminated sheets based on phenolic resin 1 Scope 1.1 This specification covers the mechanical and electrical requirements for laminated sheet materials for industrial purposes. The laminated sheets have a cellulose paper-base or a cotton fabric-base and are bonded tog
14、ether under heat and pressure by a thermosetting phenolic type of resin. 1.2 It also covers laminated paper-base sheets that have copper foil bonded to one or both surfaces and intended primarily for use in printed-circuit wiring. NOTE a) The titles of standards referred to by number in the specific
15、ation are given in appendix A. b) Requirements that must be specified by the purchaser and a requirement that must be agreed upon between the manufacturer and purchaser are listed in appendix B. c) In cases where the laminated sheets are to be used at a working temperature higher than 90 C the manuf
16、acturer must be consulted. 2 Definitions For the purposes of this specification the following definitions shall apply: acceptable acceptable to the authority administering this standard, or to the parties concluding the purchase contract, as relvant Amdt 1 central value the middle result of an odd n
17、umber of tests or the mean of the two middle results of an even number of tests, when the results are arranged in ascending order centre of percussion the point in a rotating body at which a blow, delivered in a tangential direction, will cause no reactive force at the centre of rotation crosswise a
18、nd lengthwise two directions in a plane of laminated sheet that are mutually at right angles, the lengthwise direction being parallel to the direction in which the material is fed into the machine NOTE a) The lengthwise dimension is not necessarily the longer one. b) Physical tests carried out on sh
19、eets in the lengthwise direction generally give higher values than those carried out in the crosswise direction. SANS 1100:2009 Edition 1.1 4 defective a laminated sheet that fails in one or more respects to comply with the relevant requirements of the specification dielectric dissipation factor (of
20、 an insulating material) the tangent of the loss angle dielectric loss angle (of an insulating material) the angle by which the phase difference between applied voltage and resulting current deviates from /2 rad when the dielectric of the capacitor consists exclusively of the dielectric material edg
21、ewise parallel to the planes of the laminations flatwise perpendicular to the planes of the laminations lot not less than 3 and not more than 500 laminated sheets of the same type designation, dimensions, and colour, from one manufacturer, submitted at any one time for inspection and testing primary
22、 insulation insulation that is in direct contact with terminals, conductors, or other current-carrying members relative permittivity r(of an insulating material) the ratio of capacitance Cxof a capacitor in which the space between and around the electrodes is entirely and exclusively filled with the
23、 insulating medium or material, x, to the capacitance Coof the same configuration of electrodes in vacuum, i.e. oCxCr =NOTE a) At normal atmospheric pressure, the relative permittivity rof dry air that is free from carbon dioxide equals 1,000 53 so that, in practice, the capacitance Caof the configu
24、ration of electrodes in air can normally be used instead of Coto determine the relative permittivity rwith sufficient accuracy. b) The permittivity of an insulating material is the product of its relative permittivity rand the electric constant (or permittivity of vacuum) o. c) In the SI system, the
25、 absolute permittivity is expressed in farads per metre (F/m), and the electric constant ohas the following value: o= 8,854 1012F/m 3 Type designation and general requirements 3.1 Type designation The laminated sheets are classed as cellulose paper-base or cotton fabric-base according to the base ma
26、terial used for their construction. Each class of laminated sheets is subdivided into types (according to the intended use). The type of sheet shall be as specified by the purchaser and shall be designated by the appropriate of the following symbols: SANS 1100:2009 Edition 1.1 5 a) X: indicates a pa
27、per base and good mechanical properties only (not recommended for electrical applications); b) XX: indicates a paper base and improved electrical properties with some sacrifice of mechanical properties; c) XXX: indicates a paper base and electrical properties suitable for radio frequency application
28、s but with greater sacrifice of mechanical properties; d) P: used as a suffix after X, XX, or XXX indicates a sheet capable of being punched after warming; e) PC: used as a suffix after X or XXX indicates suitability for cold punching (i.e. the sheet needs little or no warming before punching); f) 3
29、5/0: used as a suffix after XXXPC indicates that the sheet has on one side a copper foil of thickness 35 m; g) 35/35: used as a suffix after XXXPC indicates that the sheet has on each side a copper foil of thickness 35 m. (Similarly, a suffix 70/0 or 70/70 applies in the case of copper foil of thick
30、ness 70 m); h) C: indicates a coarse fabric base and good mechanical properties only; i) CE: indicates a coarse fabric base and good mechanical and electrical properties; j) L: indicates a fine fabric base and good mechanical properties only; k) LE: indicates a fine fabric base and good mechanical a
31、nd electrical properties. NOTE For a more comprehensive summary of the type designation of sheets, their application and distinguishing properties see appendix C. 3.2 Colour The preferred colours for sheets are as follows: a) types X, XP, XPC, XX, XXP, XXX, C, CE, and L: natural or black; and b) typ
32、es XXXP, XXXPC, and XXXPC copper-clad: natural. The colour shall be as specified by the purchaser. NOTE Natural colour is produced by the natural undyed paper or fabric combined with unpigmented resin. The natural colour of phenolic material will vary from a light tan to a dark brown. Experience has
33、 shown that colours other than those given above have ingredients that prevent laminated sheets from complying with some or all of the mechanical or electrical requirements of the specification. 3.3 Purity of copper foil The purity of the copper foil, determined in accordance with 8.12, shall be at
34、least 99,5 % (silver being considered as copper). SANS 1100:2009 Edition 1.1 6 4 Constructional requirements 4.1 General finish The edges and ends of a sheet shall be free from splits and the finish of the surfaces of a sheet shall, except within 12,5 mm of an edge or end, be such as to comply with
35、the following requirements: a) A copper-clad surface shall be acceptably free from defects (such as blisters, wrinkles, cracks, holes, pits, dents, and scratches) that may affect its use in service. Other surfaces of laminated sheets shall be acceptably free from blisters, wrinkles, cracks and other
36、 deleterious defects such as scratches and dents. b) The number of pinholes of average diameter (i.e. the average of the smallest and largest diameters of a pinhole) greater than 0,13 mm shall not exceed 10/m and there shall be no pinholes of average diameter greater than 0,38 mm. c) The number of i
37、nclusions of length greater than 0,5 mm shall not exceed 50/m. d) The unclad surface of copper-clad laminated sheets shall have a semi-gloss or a dull finish. e) Laminated sheets of types X, XX, XXX, C, CE, L, and LE shall have a gloss or semi-gloss finish, and types XP, XPC, XXP, XXXP, and XXXPC a
38、gloss, semi-gloss or dull finish. 4.2 Flatness When any sheet of nominal thickness at least 3,15 mm is placed without restraint on a flat horizontal surface, the clearance, at any point between the upper surface of the sheet and a straight-edge, laid so that its mass does not influence the measureme
39、nt at any position on the sheet, shall not exceed that given by the formula: Amdt 1 6210L7,5Clearance= where L = the length in millimetres over which the measurement is made. NOTE The recommended length of the straight-edge is 1 m. 4.3 Dimensions 4.3.1 Size of sheets The laminated sheets shall be re
40、ctangular and their nominal size shall be as specified by the purchaser and should be one of the following preferred nominal sizes (width times length): 0,9 m 1,2 m; 1,2 m 1,2 m; 1,2 m 1,8 m; and 1,2 m 2,4 m. The actual value of any width or length, measured in accordance with 8.3.1, shall not diffe
41、r from the nominal value by more than 25 mm. SANS 1100:2009 Edition 1.1 7 4.3.2 Thickness a) The nominal thickness shall be as specified by the purchaser and should be one of the applicable values given in column 1 of table 1 or column 1 of table 1A, as relevant. The thickness shall be within the ap
42、propriate range of thicknesses given in table 2 except that, by agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser, sheets of thickness greater than the upper limit of that range may be specified. b) Any difference between the actual thickness of a sheet, measured in accordance with 8.3.2, and the
43、 nominal value shall not exceed the appropriate tolerance given in table 1 or table 1A, as relevant. c) In addition, in the case of copper-clad sheets, the actual thickness of the copper foil shall not differ from the nominal value by more than +10 m or -5 m in the case of foil of nominal thickness
44、35 m, and by more than +18 m or -8 m in the case of foil of nominal thickness 70 m. SANS 1100:2009 Edition 1.1 8 Table 1 Tolerances and preferred thicknesses 1 2 3 4 5 6 Types X, XP, XPC, XX, XXP, XXX, XXXP, XXXPC (as applicable - see table 2) Type C Type CE Type L Type LE Preferred nominal thicknes
45、s mm* Tolerance on nominal thickness mm+0,40 0,07 - - 0,12 0,12 0,50 0,08 - - 0,13 0,13 0,63 0,09 - - 0,14 0,14 0,80 0,11 - 0,19 0,15 0,15 1,0 0,12 - 0,20 0,16 0,16 1,25 0,14 - 0,22 0,17 0,17 1,6 0,17 0,24 0,24 0,19 0,19 2,0 0,19 0,26 0,26 0,21 0,21 2,5 0,22 0,29 0,29 0,25 0,25 3,15 0,27 0,32 0,32 0
46、,27 0,27 4,0 0,30 0,36 0,36 0,32 0,32 5,0 0,34 0,42 0,42 0,36 0,36 6,3 0,40 +0,95 0,48 +0,84 0,40 8,0 0,47 +1,10 0,55 +0,98 0,47 10 0,55 +1,26 0,63 +1,12 0,55 12,5 0,64 +1,45 0,70 +1,30 0,64 16 0,75 +1,70 0,85 +1,52 0,75 20 0,86 +1,90 0,95 +1,74 0,86 25 1,00 +2,20 1,10 +2,04 + 1,00 31,5 1,15 +2,50 1
47、,25 +2,30 1,15 40 1,35 +2,90 1,45 +2,70 1,35 50 1,55 +3,30 1,65 +3,10 1,55 63 - +3,80 - - - 80 - +4,40 - - - 100 - +5,00 - - - *Based on the R10 series of preferred numbers in accordance with ISO 1553. + When a plus tolerance only is given, no minus tolerance shall be allowed, and in the case of a t
48、hickness intermediate between two preferred values, the tolerance(s) applicable to the higher preferred value shall apply. Amdt 1 SANS 1100:2009 Edition 1.1 9 Table 1A Tolerances and preferred thicknesses 1 2 3 Type XXXPC, copper-clad XXXPC 35/0 XXXPC 35/35 XXXPC 70/0 XXXPC 70/70 Preferred nominal t
49、hickness (including copper foil) mm* Tolerance on nominal thickness mm+0,40 0,10 0,11 0,50 0,11 0,12 0,63 0,12 0,130,80 0,14 0,15 1,00 0,15 0,17 1,25 0,17 0,19 1,60 0,20 0,22 2,00 0,22 0,24 2,50 0,25 0,28 3,15 0,30 0,33 *Based on the R10 series of preferred numbers in accordance with ISO 1553. +In the case of a thickness intermedia
