1、 Table of Contents Page Foreword . 3 Intellectual Property 3 Introduction 3 1 Scope 4 2 Conformance Notation 4 3 Normative References 4 4 Definitions . 5 5 Active Format Description . 5 5.1 Line and pixel numbers for AFD . 10 5.2 Aspect ratio of coded frame 10 6 Bar Data 10 6.1 Bar Data flags . 11 6
2、.1.1 top_bar_flag . 11 6.1.2 bottom_bar_flag . 11 6.1.3 left_bar_flag . 12 6.1.4 right_bar_flag . 12 6.2 Line number end of top bar . 12 6.3 Line number start of bottom bar 12 6.4 Pixel number end of left bar 12 6.5 Pixel number start of right bar . 12 6.6 Line and pixel numbering 12 7 Conversion to
3、 Other Video Formats . 13 8 Relationship Among AFD, Bar Data and Pan-Scan Information 13 9 Coding of AFD and Bar Data 13 9.1 Active Format Description coding . 13 9.2 Bar Data coding 13 9.2.1 Bar Data flags 13 9.2.2 Bar Data values 14 9.3 Data repetition rate 14 Page 1 of 21 pages SMPTE ST 2016-1:20
4、09 Revision of SMPTE 2016-1-2007 Copyright 2009 by THE SOCIETY OF MOTION PICTURE AND TELEVISION ENGINEERS 3 Barker Avenue, White Plains, NY 10601 (914) 761-1100 Approved December 23, 2009 SMPTE STANDARD Format for Active Format Description and Bar Data SMPTE ST 2016-1:2009 Page 2 of 21 pages Annex A
5、 Bibliography (Informative) . 15 Annex B Example of Bar Data (Informative) . 16 B.1 Example of Bar Data for progressive scan active image with aspect ratio 16:9 . 16 B.2 Example of Bar Data for interlaced scan active image with aspect ratio 16:9 17 Annex C Road Map to Related Standards for AFD, Bar
6、Data and Pan-Scan (Informative) . 19 Revision Notes . 20 Figures Figure 1 Explanation of AFD diagrammatic representations (informative). 7 Figure 2 AFD diagrammatic representations for images in a 4:3 coded frame (informative) . 8 Figure 3 AFD diagrammatic representations for images in a 16:9 coded
7、frame (informative). 9 Figure B.1 2.4:1 letterbox image in a 1280 x 720 16:9 frame 16 Figure B.2 2.4:1 letterbox image in a 1920 x 1080 16:9 frame 17 Figure C.1 Road Map AFD, Bar Data, and Pan-Scan information 19 Tables Table 1 Active Format Description codes . 6 Table 2 Video format information . 1
8、0 Table 3 Bar Data element syntax . 11 Table 4 AFD information byte . 13 Table 5 Bar Data flags byte 14 Table B.1 Bar Data for a 2.4:1 letterbox image in 16:9 coded frame . 16 Table B.2 Example of Bar Data line numbering for 1920x1080i 17 Table B.3 Bar Data for a 2.4:1 letterbox image in 16:9 coded
9、frame . 18 SMPTE ST 2016-1:2009 Page 3 of 21 pages Foreword SMPTE (the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers) is an internationally-recognized standards developing organization. Headquartered and incorporated in the United States of America, SMPTE has members in over 80 countries on six
10、 continents. SMPTEs Engineering Documents, including Standards, Recommended Practices and Engineering Guidelines, are prepared by SMPTEs Technology Committees. Participation in these Committees is open to all with a bona fide interest in their work. SMPTE cooperates closely with other standards-deve
11、loping organizations, including ISO, IEC and ITU. SMPTE Engineering Documents are drafted in accordance with the rules given in Part XIII of its Administrative Practices. SMPTE ST 2016-1 was prepared by Technology Committee 22TV. Intellectual Property At the time of publication no notice had been re
12、ceived by SMPTE claiming patent rights essential to the implementation of this Standard. However, attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. SMPTE shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. I
13、ntroduction Image formatting information describes certain spatial characteristics of a high definition or standard definition video image. It may be generated and carried through all or some of the video production, distribution, and emission chain. The image formatting metadata types are Active Fo
14、rmat Description (AFD), Bar Data, and Pan-Scan information. AFD and Bar Data are intended to be broadcast with the video signal that they describe. AFD information is intended to guide DTV receivers and/or intermediate professional video equipment regarding the display of video of one aspect ratio o
15、n a display of another aspect ratio. Bar Data information is used to signal the precise unused areas of active video when the active image does not completely fill the picture area, in particular widescreen cinema material carried letterboxed in a frame with bars top and bottom. Pan-Scan information
16、 is a set of data that is intended to guide professional video equipment in extracting an image to be presented in an aspect ratio that is different from that in which the material was produced or distributed. Independent parameters are provided for pan (horizontal offset), tilt (vertical offset), v
17、ertical size, horizontal size, and output aspect ratio. Pan-Scan information is not intended for use beyond the production and distribution environments. The following suite of SMPTE standards defines the origination and carriage of AFD, Bar Data, and Pan-Scan information: SMPTE ST 2016-1 Format for
18、 Active Format Description and Bar Data SMPTE 2016-2 Format for Pan-Scan Information SMPTE ST 2016-3 Vertical Ancillary Data Mapping of Active Format Description and Bar Data SMPTE 2016-4 Vertical Ancillary Data Mapping of Pan-Scan Information SMPTE 2016-5 KLV Data Coding for Active Format Descripti
19、on, Bar Data, and Pan-Scan Information Other SMPTE standards may be used for alternative transport methods for this data. The relationship among these and related standards is shown in the Road Map in Annex C. SMPTE ST 2016-1:2009 Page 4 of 21 pages 1 Scope This Standard defines Active Format Descri
20、ption (AFD) and Bar Data for origination and conveyance through the production and distribution processes for standard definition or high definition television signals. AFD and Bar Data are intended to be ultimately broadcast with the video signals that they describe, therefore references to emissio
21、n and DTV receivers are included to ensure compatibility between the origination of the AFD and Bar Data and its ultimate use. Associated standards define how this information is placed into ancillary data packets and is KLV coded as SMPTE metadata. Annex C shows the relationship among the standards
22、. 2 Conformance Notation Normative text is text that describes elements of the design that are indispensable or contains the conformance language keywords: “shall“, “should“, or “may“. Informative text is text that is potentially helpful to the user, but not indispensable, and can be removed, change
23、d, or added editorially without affecting interoperability. Informative text does not contain any conformance keywords. All text in this document is, by default, normative, except: the Introduction, any section explicitly labeled as “Informative“ or individual paragraphs that start with “Note:” The
24、keywords “shall“ and “shall not“ indicate requirements strictly to be followed in order to conform to the document and from which no deviation is permitted. The keywords, “should“ and “should not“ indicate that, among several possibilities, one is recommended as particularly suitable, without mentio
25、ning or excluding others; or that a certain course of action is preferred but not necessarily required; or that (in the negative form) a certain possibility or course of action is deprecated but not prohibited. The keywords “may“ and “need not“ indicate courses of action permissible within the limit
26、s of the document. The keyword “reserved” indicates a provision that is not defined at this time, shall not be used, and may be defined in the future. The keyword “forbidden” indicates “reserved” and in addition indicates that the provision will never be defined in the future. 3 Normative References
27、 The following standards contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of this standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid. All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this standard are encouraged to investig
28、ate the possibility of applying the most recent edition of the standards indicated below. ANSI/SMPTE 125M-1995, Television Component Video Signal 4:2:2 Bit-Parallel Digital Interface ITU-R BT.656-4, Interfaces for Digital Component Video Signals in 525-Line and 625-Line Television Systems Operating
29、at the 4:2:2 Level of Recommendation ITU-R BT.601 (Part A) ITU-R BT.1358, Studio Parameters of 625 and 525 Line Progressive Scan Television Systems SMPTE 274M-2008, Television 1920 x 1080 Image Sample Structure, Digital Representation and Digital Timing Reference Sequences for Multiple Picture Rates
30、 SMPTE 293M-2003, Television 720 x 483 Active Line at 59.94-Hz Progressive Scan Production Digital Representation SMPTE 296M-2001, Television 1280 x 720 Progressive Image Sample Structure Analog and Digital Representation and Analog Interface SMPTE ST 2016-1:2009 Page 5 of 21 pages 4 Definitions act
31、ive image: The portion of the video picture area that is being utilized for program content. Also referred to in CEA-CEB16 as the useful image inside the video frame. Active image excludes letterbox bars and pillarbox bars. active video: The portion of the video signal that is used to carry picture
32、information. For baseband digital systems, it has the specific meaning of the picture area where the V bits and H bits are both set to 0. alternative center: A contraction of “alternative center cut” indicating an alternate aspect ratio subset of the active image, containing all of the critical acti
33、on and centered on the active image. bslbf : Bit string, left bit first, where “left” is the order in which bit strings are written. In this standard, bit strings are written as a string of 1s and 0s within single quote marks; e.g. 1000 0001. Blanks within a bit string are for ease of reading and ha
34、ve no significance. coded frame: The video frame as coded in a compressed bitstream for emission. For consistency with ATSC, CEA, ETSI, and other standards, the Active Format Description and Bar Data specifications in this document refer to the term coded frame. For the purpose of this SMPTE standar
35、d, use of the words “coded frame” shall be taken to apply also to the active video area defined by the applicable production format standard for the video signal being described by the AFD and Bar Data. letterbox: “Letterbox“ describes a frame that the active image does not fill vertically, requirin
36、g bars without active image information at the top and/or the bottom of the image. pillarbox: “Pillarbox“ describes a frame that the active image does not fill horizontally, requiring bars without active image information at the left and/or right sides of the image. Some publications, including SMPT
37、E RP 199, refer to pillarbox in a 16:9 display area by the term “sidebar”. reconstructed frame: The video frame at the output of a compressed bitstream decoder. For consistency with ATSC, ETSI, and other standards, the Active Format Description and Bar Data specifications in this document refer to t
38、he term reconstructed frame. For the purpose of this SMPTE standard, use of the words “reconstructed frame” shall be taken to apply also to the image area defined by the applicable production format standard for the video signal being described by the AFD and Bar Data. uimsbf: Unsigned integer, most
39、 significant bit first. The byte order of multi-byte words is most significant byte first. 5 Active Format Description The Active Format Description (AFD) is a 4-bit code describing a video picture in terms of the aspect ratio and other characteristics of the active image within the coded frame. The
40、 complete set of Active Format Description codes is shown in Table 1, where in every case the term image refers to the active image. NOTE A DTV receiver or intermediate processing equipment interprets the AFD in conjunction with the aspect ratio of the coded frame. SMPTE ST 2016-1:2009 Page 6 of 21
41、pages Table 1 Active Format Description codes Active Format Description AFD Code In a 4:3 coded frame In a 16:9 coded frame a3, a2, a1, a0 Undefined (see below) Undefined (see below) 0000 Reserved Reserved 0001 Letterbox 16:9 image, at top of the coded frame (see note 1) Full frame 16:9 image, the s
42、ame as the coded frame (see notes 1 and 2) 0010 Letterbox 14:9 image, at top of the coded frame (see note 1) Pillarbox 14:9 image, horizontally centered in the coded frame (see notes 1 and 3) 0011 Letterbox image with an aspect ratio greater than 16:9, vertically centered in the coded frame (see not
43、e 1) Letterbox image with an aspect ratio greater than 16:9, vertically centered in the coded frame (see note 1) 0100 Reserved Reserved 0101 Reserved Reserved 0110 Reserved Reserved 0111 Full frame 4:3 image, the same as the coded frame Full frame 16:9 image, the same as the coded frame 1000 Full fr
44、ame 4:3 image, the same as the coded frame (see note 4) Pillarbox 4:3 image, horizontally centered in the coded frame 1001 Letterbox 16:9 image, vertically centered in the coded frame with all image areas protected (see note 5) Full frame 16:9 image, with all image areas protected (see note 5) 1010
45、Letterbox 14:9 image, vertically centered in the coded frame Pillarbox 14:9 image, horizontally centered in the coded frame 1011 Reserved Reserved 1100 Full frame 4:3 image, with alternative 14:9 center (see note 6) Pillarbox 4:3 image, with alternative 14:9 center (see note 6) 1101 Letterbox 16:9 i
46、mage, with alternative 14:9 center (see note 6) Full frame 16:9 image, with alternative 14:9 center (see note 6) 1110 Letterbox 16:9 image, with alternative 4:3 center (see note 6) Full frame 16:9 image, with alternative 4:3 center (see note 6) 1111 If Bar Data is not present (see 9.2.1), AFD 0000,
47、indicates that exact information is not available and the active image should be assumed to be the same as the coded frame. AFD 0000, when accompanied by Bar Data, signals that the active images aspect ratio is narrower than 16:9, but is not 4:3 or 14:9. As the exact aspect ratio cannot be conveyed
48、by AFD alone, wherever possible, AFD 0000 should be accompanied by Bar Data to define the exact vertical or horizontal extent of the active image. AFD code 0100 signals that the active image aspect ratio is wider than 16:9. As the exact aspect ratio cannot be conveyed by AFD alone, wherever possible
49、, AFD 0100 should be accompanied by Bar Data to define the exact vertical extent of the active image. AFD codes may be applicable to 4:3 coded frames, 16:9 coded frames, or both and may have different meanings for each. Example illustrations in Figures 2 and 3 show AFD representations for both 4:3 and 16:9 coded frames. The AFD codes may also be used with coded frames of other aspect ratios but such use is outside the scope of this standard. NOTES 1 In
