1、 TIASTANDARDFOTP-192H-Parameter Test Method forPolarization-MaintainingOptical FiberTIA-455-192May 1999TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY ASSOCIATIRepresenting the telecommunications industry inassociation with the Electronic Industries Alliance ANSI/TIA/EIA-455-192-1999Approved: May 13, 1999Reaffirmed: Ma
2、y 10, 2005 Copyright Telecommunications Industry Association Provided by IHS under license with EIANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-NOTICE TIA Engineering Standards and Publications are designed to serve the public interest through eliminating misund
3、erstandings between manufacturers and purchasers, facilitating interchangeability and improvement of products, and assisting the purchaser in selecting and obtaining with minimum delay the proper product for their particular need. The existence of such Standards and Publications shall not in any res
4、pect preclude any member or non-member of TIA from manufacturing or selling products not conforming to such Standards and Publications. Neither shall the existence of such Standards and Publications preclude their voluntary use by Non-TIA members, either domestically or internationally. Standards an
5、d Publications are adopted by TIA in accordance with the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) patent policy. By such action, TIA does not assume any liability to any patent owner, nor does it assume any obligation whatever to parties adopting the Standard or Publication. This Standard does n
6、ot purport to address all safety problems associated with its use or all applicable regulatory requirements. It is the responsibility of the user of this Standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations before its use. (From S
7、tandards Proposal No. 3-3781-RF1, formulated under the cognizance of the TIA FO-4.2 Subcommittee on Optical Fibers and Cables). Published by TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION Standards and Technology Department 2500 Wilson Boulevard Arlington, VA 22201 U.S.A. PRICE: Please refer to current Cat
8、alog of TIA TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION STANDARDS AND ENGINEERING PUBLICATIONS or call Global Engineering Documents, USA and Canada (1-800-854-7179) International (303-397-7956) or search online at http:/www.tiaonline.org/standards/search_n_order.cfm All rights reserved Printed in U.S.A.
9、 Copyright Telecommunications Industry Association Provided by IHS under license with EIANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-NOTICE OF COPYRIGHT This document is copyrighted by the TIA. Reproduction of these documents either in hard copy or soft copy (i
10、ncluding posting on the web) is prohibited without copyright permission. For copyright permission to reproduce portions of this document, please contact TIA Standards Department or go to the TIA website (www.tiaonline.org) for details on how to request permission. Details are located at: http:/www.t
11、iaonline.org/about/faqDetail.cfm?id=18 OR Telecommunications Industry Association Standards (b) there is no assurance that the Document will be approved by any Committee of TIA or any other body in its present or any other form; (c) the Document may be amended, modified or changed in the standards d
12、evelopment or any editing process. The use or practice of contents of this Document may involve the use of intellectual property rights (“IPR”), including pending or issued patents, or copyrights, owned by one or more parties. TIA makes no search or investigation for IPR. When IPR consisting of pate
13、nts and published pending patent applications are claimed and called to TIAs attention, a statement from the holder thereof is requested, all in accordance with the Manual. TIA takes no position with reference to, and disclaims any obligation to investigate or inquire into, the scope or validity of
14、any claims of IPR. TIA will neither be a party to discussions of any licensing terms or conditions, which are instead left to the parties involved, nor will TIA opine or judge whether proposed licensing terms or conditions are reasonable or non-discriminatory. TIA does not warrant or represent that
15、procedures or practices suggested or provided in the Manual have been complied with as respects the Document or its contents. TIA does not enforce or monitor compliance with the contents of the Document. TIA does not certify, inspect, test or otherwise investigate products, designs or services or an
16、y claims of compliance with the contents of the Document. ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, ARE DISCLAIMED, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY AND ALL WARRANTIES CONCERNING THE ACCURACY OF THE CONTENTS, ITS FITNESS OR APPROPRIATENESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR USE, ITS MERCHANTABILITY AND ITS NON-
17、INFRINGEMENT OF ANY THIRD PARTYS INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS. TIA EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ANY AND ALL RESPONSIBILITIES FOR THE ACCURACY OF THE CONTENTS AND MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES REGARDING THE CONTENTS COMPLIANCE WITH ANY APPLICABLE STATUTE, RULE OR REGULATION, OR THE SAFETY OR HEALTH E
18、FFECTS OF THE CONTENTS OR ANY PRODUCT OR SERVICE REFERRED TO IN THE DOCUMENT OR PRODUCED OR RENDERED TO COMPLY WITH THE CONTENTS. TIA SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY AND ALL DAMAGES, DIRECT OR INDIRECT, ARISING FROM OR RELATING TO ANY USE OF THE CONTENTS CONTAINED HEREIN, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION AN
19、Y AND ALL INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING DAMAGES FOR LOSS OF BUSINESS, LOSS OF PROFITS, LITIGATION, OR THE LIKE), WHETHER BASED UPON BREACH OF CONTRACT, BREACH OF WARRANTY, TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE), PRODUCT LIABILITY OR OTHERWISE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBIL
20、ITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. THE FOREGOING NEGATION OF DAMAGES IS A FUNDAMENTAL ELEMENT OF THE USE OF THE CONTENTS HEREOF, AND THESE CONTENTS WOULD NOT BE PUBLISHED BY TIA WITHOUT SUCH LIMITATIONS. Copyright Telecommunications Industry Association Provided by IHS under license with EIANot for ResaleNo repro
21、duction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-TIA-455-192iTIA/EIA-455-192h-parameter test method for polarization-maintaining optical fiberContents1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Normative
22、references . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Apparatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 Sampling and specimens. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
23、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 Calculations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67 Do
24、cumentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .78 Specification information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7Annex A Source coherence length criterion . . . . . . . . . . .
25、 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8Annex B Comparison between this standard and IEC or ITU Standards. . . . . . . . . . . .8Figure 1 h-parameter measurement system schematic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5Copyright Telecommunications Industry Association Provided by IHS und
26、er license with EIANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-TIA-455-192iiThis page left blankCopyright Telecommunications Industry Association Provided by IHS under license with EIANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IH
27、S-,-,-TIA-455-192iii_Foreword_This Standard comes from TIA Project No. 3781 and was formulated under thecognizance of TIA joint working group FO-6.6.3/6.9.3. This FOTP is part of a series of test procedures included within RecommendedStandard EIA/TIA-455.This Standard describes a new test method. Th
28、ere two annexes to this Standard: oneis normative and the other informative.Key words: h-parameter, polarization crosstalk, polarization-maintaining optical fiber.Copyright Telecommunications Industry Association Provided by IHS under license with EIANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permi
29、tted without license from IHS-,-,-TIA-455-192ivThis page left blank.Copyright Telecommunications Industry Association Provided by IHS under license with EIANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-TIA-455-1921FOTP-192h-parameter test method for polarization-
30、maintaining optical fiber_1 Introduction_1.1 IntentThis Standard specifies a method of measuring the h-parameter of single mode, highlylinearly birefringent optical fiber (commonly called polarization-maintaining fibers).In the case of fibers having connectors attached to one or both ends, or for tw
31、o or moresuch fibers joined in series, the polarization crosstalk is a more meaningful measure ofperformance than the h-parameter. The test method for measuring polarizationcrosstalk is the subject of FOTP-193. In theory, if perfectly linearly polarized light is launched into a high birefringence fi
32、berwith its plane of polarization exactly aligned to either of the fibers principal axes, thenthe light radiated at the distal end will also be perfectly polarized. In practice, some lightgradually couples to the not-launched polarization, and at the distal end of the fiber asmall, unintended, compo
33、nent is present. This Standard describes a test method formeasuring this imperfection.The coupling between polarization states is due to both fiber characteristics andenvironmental influences. To differentiate these effects and allow for comparativeevaluations of fibers, this procedure suggests stan
34、dard configurations for the testspecimen (See section 4).1.2 DefinitionsFor the purposes of this Standard, the following definitions apply.h-parameter. A length normalized form of polarization crosstalk. h has units of inversemeters and is given by the equationh = tanh-1(Pmin/Pmax) / L (1)where L is
35、 the fiber length; Pmaxand Pminare the portion of the emitted power withpolarization plane parallel and orthogonal, respectively, to the excited axis.Copyright Telecommunications Industry Association Provided by IHS under license with EIANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without
36、license from IHS-,-,-TIA-455-1922The plane of polarization of the light launched into the fiber is parallel to either principaloptical axis, The function tanh-1() is the inverse hyperbolic tangent. For Pmin/Pmaxlessthan 0.1, a sufficient approximation to the above equation ish = (Pmin/Pmax) / L. (2)
37、Birefringent material. A material in which orthogonal polarizations propagate atdifferent speeds. A linearly birefringent material is one in which the orthogonalpolarizations are linear. Materials may also be circularly or elliptically birefringent.Principal optical axes. The axes for which the spee
38、d of light in a linearly birefringentmaterial is a maximum or a minimum.Polarizer/analyzer. Optical elements designed to transmit light of a single polarizationstate - most commonly, a linear state. When a polarizer is placed at the output of anoptical system, it is called an analyzer.Extinction. Th
39、e ratio of the optical power passed in the transmitted polarization state tothe power passed in the orthogonal polarization state. The extinction of a polarizingelement can be measured with unpolarized light incident.Polarization crosstalk. The ratio of the power that crosses over to the initiallyun
40、excited polarization state to the power that remains in the initially excited state (bothpowers measured at the elements distal end). The polarization crosstalk of abirefringent element is measured with polarized light incident, aligned in succession toeach of the elements principal axes.Coherence l
41、ength. The coherence length, lc, of an optical light source shall be definedby the following relation:lc = 2/ (3)where is the center wavelength of the light source; is the line-width of the light source at the -3 dB intensity level.Beat length. The length of fiber needed to create a 2 phase differen
42、ce betweenorthogonal polarization states. It can be expressed by the following relation:LB = /B (4)where is the center wavelength of the source;Copyright Telecommunications Industry Association Provided by IHS under license with EIANot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without licens
43、e from IHS-,-,-TIA-455-1923B is the birefringence of the fiber given as (ne no)neis the extraordinary refractive index of the specimennois the ordinary refractive index of the specimen_2 Normative references_The following standards contain provisions that, through reference in this text, constitutep
44、rovisions of this Standard. At the time of publication, the editions indicated were valid.All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreements based on this Standardare encouraged to investigate the possibility of applying the most recent editions of thestandards indicated below. ANSI an
45、d TIA maintain registers of currently valid nationalstandards published by them.ANSI/TIA/EIA 440-A Fiber Optic TerminologyANSI/TIA/EIA 455-A Standard Test Procedure for Fiber Optic Fibers, Cables,Transducers, Sensors, Connecting and TerminatingDevices, and Other Fiber Optic ComponentsANSI/TIA/EIA 49
46、20000-A Generic Specification for Optical Waveguide FibersANSI/TIA/EIA 455-80B Cut-off Wavelength Measurement ProcedureANSI/TIA/EIA 455-57 Optical Fiber End Preparation and ExaminationANSI/TIA/EIA 455-193 Polarization Crosstalk Test Method for Polarization-Maintaining Optical Fiber_3 Apparatus_3.1 L
47、ight sourceThe amount of light the source emits must be either stable over the duration of the testor normalized by means of a reference. Without a reference, the source powerfollowing the polarizer must not vary by more than 5% during the measurement.The source power must be kept below the level required to induce nonli
