2019年高考化学艺体生百日突围系列专题1.8高中化学中的颜色基础知识速记手册素材.doc

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1专题 1.8 高中化学中的颜色1、黑色固体:石墨、炭粉、铁粉、FeS、 CuS、CuO、MnO 2、Fe 3O42、红色固体 :Cu、Cu 2O、Fe 2O3、HgO、红磷 3、淡黄色固体:S、Na 2O2、AgBr4、紫黑 色固体:KMnO 4、I 25、 黄色固体:AgI、Ag 3PO412、不溶于水的白色沉淀 CaCO3(溶于酸)、BaCO 3(溶于酸)、Al(OH) 3、Mg(OH) 2等。13、具有刺激性气体的气体:NH 3、SO 2、HCl(皆为无色)。 无色无味的气体:O 2、H 2、N 2、CO 2、CH 4、CO(剧毒)。红棕色气体:Br 2(气体)NO 2。 黄绿色气体:Cl 2。臭鸡蛋气味气体:H 2S。15、具有刺激性气味的液体:盐酸、硝酸、醋酸、酒精。16、有毒物质:气体:CO、SO 2、H 2S;液体:CH 3OH;固体:NaNO 2、重金属盐。其它:部分蛋白质遇浓硝酸变黄、碘遇淀粉 变蓝、苯酚遇氯化铁溶液显紫色。常见的焰色反应:Na 黄色;K 浅紫色(透过蓝色钴玻璃观察,因为钾里面常混有钠,黄色掩盖了浅紫色)。

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