1、Unit 21 Human Biology Que sti on 1 : W h at is t h e be n e f it of t akin g physic al e xe r c is e e v e ry day ? Que sti on 2 : Ho w m an y m i n u tes doe s th e WH O e n c our age adul t s to t ake e v e ry day ? 答案: Q1 : It c an st r e ngthe n bo dy c oor di nati on, kee p bod y bal ance and k
2、ee p f it m e ntally . Q2 : A t le ast 30 m in ute s o f m oder at e ph ysic al e xe r c ise . How t o ad d 5 ye ar s to your li f e Half an h our of e xe r c is e a d ay c an add an e xt r a f ive ye ar s t o your li f e , a gr oun d b r e aki n gr e se ar c h h as r e ve ale d. He alth e xper t s
3、said t h at w alk in g or c yc li n g ge n t ly h as b ig lon g t e r m b e n e f its. Ac c or d in g t o t h e W o r ld He alth Or gani z at ion , r e se ar c h c ar r ied out in Brit ain an d De n m ar k sh ow s t h at ge n t le w or k outs ( 段炼 ) an d e ve n h ous e w or k e ve r y d ay c an b oo
4、stli f e sp a n s b y as m u c h as f ive ye ar s. Th e n e w s will p r ovid e e n c ourage m e n t f or t h ose c ouch p ot at oe s t o sta r t t aki n g e xe r c ise. Brit ain is i n t h e gr ip of an obesity e p id e m ic ( 肥胖症 ) , wit h j u st 35 % of m e n and 24 % o f w om e n t aki n g r e g
5、ul ar e xe r c ise. “ En c ouragi n g p e opl e t o b e p h ysica ll y ac t ive e ve r y d ay h as so m any h e alth b e n e f its , ” said Dr . M ar c Da n z on, WHO r e gion al d ir e c t o r f or E u r ope. “ Th e se in c lu d e r e d u c in g t h e r isk of d e ve lop in g c e r t ain d isease s
6、 and o f b e c om in g obese , as w e ll as c ontr ib u t in g t o p h y sical c oor d in at ion, b ala n c e , str e n gt h and m e n t al w e ll b e in g. It is a ve r y c ost e f f e c t ive p u b li c h e alth too l. ” Th e or gani z at ion is s o c once r n e d t h at t h e p u b l ic is n ot g
7、e t t in g t h e m e ssage on e xe r c ise t h at it w il l la u n c h a “M ove f o r He alth” c am p aign t o boost pu b li c a w ar e n e ss. “ Th e WHO e n c ourag e s adu lts t o t ake at lea st 30 m in u t e s of m oder a tep h ysica l e xe r c ise a d ay , d e f in e d as any b ody m ov e m e
8、n t t h at r e su lts in e n e r gy e xpend itur e ( 消耗 ) , ” said Dr . Da n z on. “Th is i n c lu d e s w a lk i n g, c yc li n g, p la yin g, h o u se w or k , c li m b in g sta irs as w e ll as sp or t s.” He add e d t h at c h il d r e n sh oul d t ake at lea st 6 0 m in u t e s of e xe r c ise
9、e v e r y day . 每天动一动 寿命长 5 年 一项具有突破性的研究表明,每天锻炼一小时能让你多活 5年。健康专家们说,慢走或慢速骑车对于健康具有重大而且长远的好处。据世界卫生组织介绍,这项在英国和丹麦进行的研究表明,每天进行适度的锻炼,甚至是做家务活都能让人的寿命延长 5 年。 这一调查结果将会鼓励那些不爱运动的 “ 懒骨头 ” 开始锻炼身体。英国的肥胖症患者较多,但在这一人群中,只有 35 %的男性和 24 % 的女性定期进行体育锻炼。 世界卫生组织欧洲区域主任马克 坦桑博士说: “ 鼓励人们要每天 锻炼身体,这对健康会有很多好处。 ”“ 包括减少患某些疾病和变肥胖的风险,加强
10、身体的协调性、平衡能力和力量,对心理健康也有好处。 ”“ 这种改善大众身体健康状况的方式十分划算。 ” 世界卫生组织担心公众不知道此项关于锻炼身体的调查结果,因此,它将启动一项名为 “ 健康大行动 ” 的计划,以此增强大众的健康意识。 坦桑博士说: “ 世卫组织鼓励成年人每天进行至少 30 分钟的适度锻炼,能够消耗能量的任何身体运动都可以。 ”“ 包括行走、骑车、玩耍、做家务、爬楼梯以及各项体育运动。 ” 他补充说,儿童每天至少要锻炼 1 小时。 【注】 gr ou n d b r e aki n g adj .开创性的 r e ve al v t . 显示;透露 b oost v t .推起
11、;举起 c oor d i n at ion n 平等;协调 m oder at e adj . 适度的;有节制的 Section Warmup w oul d h ave se e n h e r 2. . althou gh t h e y e n h ance p e r f or m ance , t h e y also c aus e se r iou s h e alth p r obl e m s in late r li f e f or t h ose who abu se t h e m . 信息提取 altho u gh 引导让步状语从句,不能与 but 连用,但可以与
12、 ye t 连用。 例句仿写 尽管雨下得很大,他还是按时到了。 _ , h e ar r ive d on ti m e . 答案: A lthoug h it r ain e d h ar d/ hea vily 3. . it is p ar t o f e ve r y sp or t w h e r e at h let e s se e k t o ac h iev e b e yond t h e ir n at u r al li m its and ar e p r e p ar e d t o c h e at t o do so. 信息提取 w h e r e 在此引导定语
13、从句。 例句仿写 在日常生活中,我们经常可以碰到人们不能正确使用英语的情况。 In e ve r yday li f e , w e of t e n c om e ac r oss c ase s _. 答案: w her e pe ople c ant use Engl ish pr op e r ly 4. Unf or t u n at e ly , it is n ot e asy t o c at c h at h let e s u sin g il leg al d r u gs. 信息提取 it 作形式主语,不定式 t o c at c h . drugs 是真正的主语。 例
14、句仿写 对于人们来说,学会团队精神是很必要的。 _ f o r p e op le _. 答案: It is ne c e ssar y; t o le ar n te a m spirit 5. Th e Olym p ic sp iri t t h e sp irit of c om p e t ition which e m p h asises t aki n g p ar t r at h e r t h an w in n in g h as b e e n violate d b y t h e d e sir e t o su c c e e d at all cost s.
15、信息提取 t h e sp irit of c o m p e t ition 作 t h e Olym p ic sp irit 的同位语。 例句仿写 王兵,我们的班长,是班里最优秀的学生之一。 W ang Bi n g, _ _ _ _ , is o n e of t h e t op stud e n t s in our c lass. 答案: m onito r of our c lass 语篇理解 Choose t h e b e st a n sw e r ac c or d in g t o t h e p assage . 1. Whi c h of t h e f ollo
16、 w i n g is NOT t h e r e ason f or i m p r ove d p e r f or m anc e ? A. Bet t e r e q u ip m e n t . B. T r ain i n g. C. Bet t e r c oa c h e s. D. Die t . 答案: C 根据第 34 页课文第二段中信息 “ . du e t o bet t e r e qu ip m e nt, t r ain in g and di e t . ” 可知 C 项符合题干。 2. Why i s d op in g il leg al ? A. Bec
17、 aus e d opi n g is n o t good enou gh. B. B e c aus e d opi n g c an c aus e d isease s. C. Bec aus e onl y a sm all n u m b e r of at h let e s c an u se it. D. Bec aus e it is a f or m of c h e at in g. 答案: D 根据第 34 页课文第四段中信息 “ . d opi ng as it is a f u nd am e ntal f or m of c heat in g. ” 可知 D
18、项正确。 3. What c an w e k n o w a b out t h e w or ld r e c or d s in t h e 1980s? A. Alt h ough Ben Joh n son b r oke t h e 100 m e t e r s w or ld r e c o r d , he w as c augh t t aki n g drug s in t h e 1988 Olym p ics. B. Alt h ough Ben Joh n s on t ook d r u gs i n t h e 19 88 Olym p ics, h e d i
19、d n s b r e ak the w or ld r e c or d . C. F lo r e n c e G r if ith s 100 m e t e r s r e c or d is co n vin c in g. D. M ar ion Jones w as n ot c augh t t aki n g d r u g s in t h e 1988 Olym p ics. 答案: A 根据第 34 页课文第四段第二句可知 A 项正确。 4. What w oul d t h e e f f e c t of ge n e t h e r apy b e on s p
20、or t ? A. Its a good w ay t o im p r ove t h e at h let ic pe r f or m ance . B. If ge n e t h e r apy w e r e u se d n o w , it w o u ld b e e asy t o f i n d out. C. Th e ge n e t h e r apy w oul d c ontr adi c t t h e w h ole sp irit o f sp or t . D. P e opl e agr e e t o u se it in s p or t , an
21、d h o p e f or f u r t h e r r e se a r c h in t o it. 答案: C 根据第 34 页课文倒数第二段最后一句可知 C 项正确。 5. What is the Olym p ic sp irit ? A. T o t r y ones b e st t o g e t t h e gold m e d al. B. T o c om p e t e and su c c e e d . C. T o e m p h asize t aki n g p ar t r at h e r t h an w in n in g. D. T o w or
22、 k t oge t h e r . 答案: C 根据第 34 页课文最后一段第一句可知 C 项正确。 课文浓缩 Due t o b e t t e r e q u ip m e n t , t r ain in g and d iet , at h let ic p e r f or m anc e s h ave im p r ove d and m any w or ld r e c o r d s h ave b e e n b r oken. Bu t r e c e n t ly , im p r ove m e n t s h ave b e gun t o slo w _ 1
23、_ . When w e t alk abou t b r e aki n g r e c o r d s, w e c o m e ac r oss t h e issu e of p e r f or m ance e n h ancin g d r u g s k n o w n as _ 2 _ , w h ich c an e n h ance p e r f or m ance , b u t also c au se se r iou s _ 3 _ p r obl e m s in late r li f e f o r t h ose abu sin g t h e m .
24、Th e sp or t s w or ld d o e sn t _ _ 4 _ d opi n g as it is a f u n d am e n t al f or m of c h e at in g. It is n ot on ly a p r obl e m in at h let ics, it is also p ar t of e ve r y sp or t whe r e at h let e s se e k t o ac h iev e b e yond t h e ir n at u r al _ 5 _. Bu t it i s n ot ve r y e
25、asy t o c at c h at h let e s u sin g _ _ 6 _ drugs. Exce p t d opi n g, ge n e t h e r apy w il l b e t h e n e xt b ig t h r e at . G e n e t h e r apy c an b u il d m u sc le and in c r e ase str e n gt h b y _ 7 _ p e opl e s ge n e s. Bu t it is _ 8 _ and m any p e opl e opp ose f u r t h e r r
26、 e se ar c h in t o it. Th e Olym p ic sp irit e m p h asises _ 9 _ p ar t r at h e r t h an w in n in g, w h ich h as b e e n violate d b y t h e d e sir e t o su c c e e d _ 10 _ all c ost s. If d opi n g a n d ge n e t h e r apy c ontin u e t o af f e c t t h e outc o m e s of m aj o r sp or t in g e ve n t s, t h e w or d “her o” w il l h ave lost all m e ani n g. 1. _ 2. _ _ 3. _ 4. _ _ 5. _ _ 6. _ _ 7. _ 8. _ _ 9. _ 10. _ _