1、1专题十九 任务型阅读第 8 讲（上）海淀二模五选五1. 掌握本篇五选五中出现的高频词及长难句。2. 掌握五选五的解题技巧, 并能够指出本篇五选五中运用到的解题技巧。3. 通过五选五高频词、长难句等语料的积累, 及五选五解题技巧的练习, 灵活应对各种五选五习题。知识篇“巧妇难为无米之炊”, 在英语学习的过程中, 语料的积累至关重要。对于五选五高频词和长难句的梳理, 能够为我们今后的学习和提升打 下良好的基础。亲爱的同学, 老师已经为你梳理出了本篇文章中的一些高频词和长难句, 快来看看你掌握了吗？高频词（课前检测学生的词汇量储备, 以教师提问的形式进行。能够准确翻译的为优, 模糊翻译的良, 不会
2、翻译的为差。）掌握情况单词/短语 词性 词义 拓展优 良 差favorite adj. 最喜欢的start a business创业put up 举起，建造，whether conj. 是否，无论 易混词：weather 天气roll v. 滚动，转动asas 和一样right away 立刻popular adj. 流行的，受欢迎的remain v. 保持教 学目标名 师点拨2come along 出现长难句（课前检测学生的句型储备, 以教师提问的形式进行。能够准确翻译的为优, 模糊翻译的良, 不会翻译的为差。）1. The theater was as big as a football
3、field.（优 良 差 ）_句意：电影院和足球场一样大。本句中包含着一个中考高频句型“asas”，意为“和一样”，中间用形容词的原级。2. But people who live near the theater still enjoy this fun activity.（优 良 差 ）_句意：但是住在电影院附近的人仍然能享受这项有趣的活动。本句中包含着一个由 who 引导的定语从句，修饰 people。方法篇“方法得当, 事半功倍。”只有语料的积累, 没有好方法的辅助也是不够的。对于五选五解题方法的梳理, 能够帮助我们更好地理解五选五的命题逻辑, 在有足够语料积累的基础上, 能够帮助我们
4、争取高分。亲爱的同学, 老师已经为你精心整理了五选五的解题技巧, 快来看看你掌握了多少？一、五选五解题步骤第一步 读选项，画关键词，暗排序 通读选项，了解每个选项的意思，做到心中有数，至少能知道可供选择的意思范围，以便在短时间内找出正确答案。第二步 读文章，抓过渡词，找逻辑 通读文章，关注段中各句子之间的逻辑关系，抓住表示并列、转折、因果关系及其他关系的过渡词，为下一步解题做准备。第三步 先易后难来解题 先填较容易的空，例如文章的段首句、段尾句或与选项有明显逻辑关系的句子；再填较难的空，这时选择范围会变小，可以反复对比分析，进行选择。第四步 回读文章定答案 全部题目做完后，把所选择的选项代入原
5、文，检查文章前后是否连贯，所选选项是否和文章的主旨大意相吻合，再次确定答案。二、五选五解题技巧在五选五题型中，设空位置一般为三种：段首、段尾和段中。正确选项与空格前后句子关系紧密，主要依赖句子之间的逻辑关系进行选择。接下来将从并列逻辑、转折逻辑、指代逻辑、因果逻辑和总分逻辑五方面进行说明。题型 题型一：并列逻辑解题技巧如果空格所在段落要求补全说明本段主题的其他细节，通常选项中会出现表示 并列或递进关系的关联词或与前文类似的句式结构，或出现同义词等其他线索。典题精析例题：Make good word choices. When were not sure which word is the ri
6、ght one for a sentence, look it up in a dictionary. Many of us choose words in a hurry and dont take the time to decide if theyre proper. 2 .解析：本题考察的是并列逻辑。空格出现在第二段的段末，是用来对第二段的黑体小标题进行解释的，浏览选项可知 E 选项中的关键词 good word choices 与小标题一致，故选 E，意为“好的词汇选择对好的作品是重要的”。3答案：E “Good word choices are necessary for good
7、 writing.”题型 题型二：转折逻辑解题技巧1. 空格前后意思相反或矛盾，找含转折含义的选项；2. 选项含转折逻辑，另一种常见的考查方式是空格后对该选项进行详细阐述、说明和例证。典题精析例题：5 . But with a few simple steps, we can improve our writing skills and learn how to write better articles.解析 ：本题考察的是转折逻辑。根据空格后转折连词 but 可以判定空格前后意思相反，空格后句意为“但是有了简单的几步，我们能够提高我们的写作技巧。”，所以空格处应与其意思相反，故选D，意为“
8、成为一个更好的作家不容易”。答案：D “It is not easy to become a better writer.”题型 题型三：指代逻辑解题技巧1. 如果选项中含有代词，则判断哪个空格前的句中所含有的名词代入后使上下文连贯；2. 如果空格后句中有代词，则判断哪个选项所含名词代入后上下文连贯。典题精析例题：Every year in April, the London marathon（马拉松）takes place. The race covers a fantastic route(线路) in which runners pass lots of the famous place
9、s like the London Eye and Big Ben._3_.解析：本题考察的是指代逻辑。根据空格所在段第一句 Every year in April, the London marathon（马拉松）takes place.“伦敦马拉松在每年四月举行”，可知本段讲述的重点为伦敦马拉松，浏览选项可知 B 项 People come from all over the world to run in it.中的 it 代替的是London marathon，故可推断出正确答案。答案：B “People come from all over the world to run in i
10、t.”题型 题型四：因果逻辑解题技巧如果选项含有因果逻辑词，则判断哪个空格前后句与之符合因果逻辑关系；典题精析例题：Mr. Longman and Mr. Martin were both badly ill1 . Mr. Longman was able to sit up in his bed for an hour each afternoon.解析：本题考察的是因果逻辑。根据空格前句子可知“Mr. Longman 和 Mr. Martin 都病的很严重”，这是事件的原因，那么空格处应该填的是事件的结果，浏览选项可知应填 C，意为“他们住在相同的病房里”，即可推断出正确答案。答案：C “
11、They were in the same hospital room”.题型 题型五：总分逻辑解题技巧1. 如果选项的表达类似于“There are mainly three types of ”则该选项一般位于文章较前面的位置，用于引出后文对这几种类型的详细阐述；2. 如果空格位于某段段首，则一般是本段的主旨句；如果空格位于某段段尾，通常是结论、概括性语句。典题精析例题：Many of us dont spend a lot of time improving our writing skills. This can be a problem when we hand in our art
12、icles. Good writing skills will help us improve our grades and benefit us later in life. 1 .4解析：本题考察的是总分逻辑。浏览全文可以发现本文是一篇“总-分”类型的文章，主要介绍的是一些关于写作的小窍门，而第二段起的一些黑体字则是 tips 的具体内容，所以第一段空格处应填的是一句总述句，故选 B，意为“下面的小窍门可能会有帮助”。答案：B “The following tips can be helpful.”浏览选项（抓住选项中的关键词，以便有目的性的通读文章）题号 选项A Every testhe
13、 tried was successfulB And it was big enough for about 400 carsC Sound for the movie came from the radioD People could watch movies from their carsE Today there are fewer than 800 driver-in movie theaters通读文章话题 体裁 字数 建议用时 实际用时 正确率 星级日常生活类 记叙文 280 5-7 分钟 _/5 Driven to See MoviesHave you ever thought
14、of a new idea that you would like to try? In the 1930s, a man named Richard Hollingshead did. He thought of an idea to bring together his two favorite interests: cars and movies. He wanted to start a business. 1 .Richard tested the idea in his driveway. First he put a machine called a movie projecto
15、r（放映机） on his car. Then he put up a sheet（床单）between two trees. The sheet was like the white screen used in theaters. Richard played a movie on the screen using the movie projector. Next, Richard placed a radio behind the sheet.2 . He tried to test whether the sound could be heard from the car. He r
16、olled his car windows up and down to find the best way to hear the movie. Finally, he tested whether a movie could be seen and heard in the rain.3 .In 1933, he opened the first drive in movie theater. The theater was as big as a football field.4 . The screen was 30 feet high and 40 feet wide. Speake
17、rs were placed next to the screen so the sound could be heard. Right away, the drive in movie theater became popular. The cost to see a movie was just 25 cents per person. By the 1950s,there were about 5 ,000 drive in movie theaters. They remained popular until the television came along.5 .But peopl
18、e who live near the theater still enjoy this fun activity. Today drive in movie theaters give people the same joy as they did more than 80 years ago.语 篇精讲5A. Every test he tried was successfulB. And it was big enough for about 400 carsC. Sound for the movie came from the radioD. People could watch m
19、ovies from their carsE. Today there are fewer than 800 driver-in movie theaters逐题分析语篇解读：本篇文章是一篇日常生活类的记叙文，主要讲述了 Richard Hollingshead 是怎样将车和电影结合在一起，创造了一种新的观影形式及这种观影形式的发展及现状。1. 解析：本题考察的是并列逻辑。空格前句意为“他想要创业”，那么空格处就应该填他创业的具体内容是什么？浏览选项可知 D 项为创业的具体内容，意为“人们能够从他们的车里观看电影”。答案：D2. 解析：本题考察的是并列逻辑。空格前句意为“Richard 把一个
20、收音机放在了床单的后面”，那么空格处应该是他这样做的目的是什么，浏览选项可知应选 C，意为“电影的声音是来自收音机的”。答案：C3. 解析：本题考察的是并列逻辑。空格前句意为“最后，他测试在雨里电影是否能够被看到和听到”，那么空格处应该填的是测试的结果是什么，浏览选 项可知应该可选 A，意为“他尝试的每个测试都成功了”。答案：A4. 解析：本题考察的是因果逻辑。空格前句意为“电影院像足球场一样大”，接下来应该描述的是选择这样大的电影院的原因是什么呢？浏览选项可知应该选 B，意为“它足够大可以容纳约 400 辆车”。答案：B5. 解析：本题考察的是转折逻辑。空格后句意为“但是住在电影院附近的人仍
21、然能享受这项有趣的活动”，看到了转折连词 but，那么空格出句意应该与其相反，浏览选项可知应选 E，意为“现在有不足 800 个驾驶电影院”，很多人可能享受不到这种看电影的方式了。答案：E精讲笔记（学生在教师的指导下, 回顾本讲中积累的五选五的知识和方法）语篇中积累的词汇（至少积累 10 个）单词 词性及词义 单词的运用（鼓励学生用所学词汇造句）6语篇中的学到的方法（至少掌握 2 种）并列逻辑 1、2、3转折逻辑 5指代逻辑因果逻辑 4总分逻辑基础过关一、词汇/短语英汉互译单词/短语 词性 词义adj. 最喜欢的start a businessput upconj. 是否，无论v. 滚动，转动
22、asasright awayadj. 流行的，受欢迎的v. 保持come along二、句子英汉互译1. 这部电影和那部电影一样有趣。_.2. 你能够立刻就到我的办公室来吗？_.3. The theater was as big as a football field._.4. But people who live near the theater still enjoy this fun activity._.5. He went to Paris whenever the chance came along._.阅读练习能 力提升7话题 体裁 字数 建议用时 实际用时 正确率 星级科普环
23、保类 说明文 217 5-7 分钟 _/5 Great white sharks have become well known in a bad way, for being scary. _1_ However, you are more likely to be hit by lightning than attacked by a great white shark.One r eason why people dont like great white sharks is that they are huge. They grow to be nearly 21 feet long a
24、nd can weigh up to 5,000 pounds. That is about two cars long! But the size is not typical. Most great whites are smaller, about 10 to 15 feet long. _2_.Great whites are called apex predators(捕食者) because they are at the top of the food chain. They have no predators and arent that picky about what th
25、ey eat. Great whites are known to eat fish, squid, other sharks, otters, turtles, dolphins, whales, seals, and sea lions. _3_ Great whites al so eat carrion, which is the remains of dead animals floating(漂浮) in the water._4_ They have 3,000 teeth, and each is up to 3 inches long! Their very sharp te
26、eth are shaped like triangles and have rough edges that tear into things. Great whites dont even chew their food. They just swallow it down. _5_.But, like other sharks, great whites dont intentionally(主动地) eat or attack humans. So swim without fear.A. Those last two kinds are their favorite food.B.
27、Thats still longer than one car, though.C. Movies and popular stories make them scary.D. A big meal can satisfy a great white shark for about two months.E. Another reason why people fear great whites is their frightening teeth. 参考答案基础过关一、词汇/短语英汉互译单词/短语 词性 词义favorite adj. 最喜欢的start a business 创业put u
28、p 举起，建造，whether conj. 是否，无论roll v. 滚动，转动asas 和一样right away 立刻popular adj. 流行的，受欢迎的remain v. 保持come along 出现二、句子英汉互译。1. This film is as interesting as that one.82. Can you come to my office right away?3. 电影院和足球场一样大。4. 但是住在电影院附近的人仍然能享受这项有趣的活动。5. 他一有机会就去巴黎。阅读练习1. C 2. B 3. A 4. E 5. D第 8 讲（下）海淀二模阅读表达1.
29、 掌握本篇阅读表达中出现的高频词及长难句。2. 掌握阅读表达的解题技巧, 并能够指出本篇阅读表达中运用到的解题技巧。3. 通过阅读表达高频词、长难句等语料的积累, 及阅读表达解题技巧的练习, 灵活应对各种阅读表达习题。知识篇“巧妇难为无米之炊”, 在英语学习的过程中, 语料的积累至关重要。对于阅读表达高频词和长难句的梳理, 能够为我们今后的学习和提升打下良好的基础。亲爱的同学, 老师已经为你梳理出了本篇文章中的一些高频词和长难句, 快来看看你掌握了吗？高频词（课前检测学生的词汇量储备, 以教师提问的形式进行。能够准确翻译的为优, 模糊翻译的良, 不会翻译的为差。）掌握情况单词/短语 词性 词义
30、 拓展优 良 差plenty of 大量，许多a bit of 一点教 学目标名 师点拨9keep fit 保持健康waist n. 腰regularly adv. 定期地，有规律地add v. 增加，添加suitable adj. 适当的，相配的eager adj. 渴望的impress v. 给予某人深刻印象come around 来，回来长难句（课前检测学生的句型储备, 以教师提问的形式进行。能够准确翻译的为优, 模糊翻译的良, 不会翻译的为差。）1. Once youve learned how to keep the hoop moving around your waist, yo
31、u can try a round your arms, legs and even neck!（优 良 差 ）_句意：一旦你学会了怎样让呼啦圈在你的腰周围移动，那么你也能尝试让它在你的胳膊，腿甚至脖子周围移动。本句中包含着一个由 once 引导的条件状语从句，once 意为“一旦”。2. To people who don t like the sound of hula hooping, perhaps diabolo is more suitable.（优 良 差 ）_句意：对于那些不喜欢呼啦圈声音的人，也许空竹更合适。本句中包含着一个由 who 引导的定语从句修饰 people。方法篇
32、“方法得当, 事半功倍。”只有语料的积累, 没有好方法的辅助也是不够的。对于阅读表达解题方法的梳理, 能够帮助我们更好地理解阅读表达的命题逻辑, 在有足够语料积累的基础上, 能够帮助我们争取高分。亲爱的同学, 老师已经为你精心整理了阅读表达的解题技巧, 快来看看你掌握了多少？一、阅读表达解题步骤第一步 认真审题，读懂题意 做题时我们应先阅读所给的任务，明确任务是什么，再带着任务去阅读材料，这样就能做到心中有数，有针对性的去读，并能提高阅读效率。第二步 快速浏览，掌握大意 明确任务后，应迅速阅读全文来了解文章主要内容，以及文章的感情基调，作者的意图、态度倾向。第三步 细读题目，完成任务 泛读全文
33、之后，就可以采用“跳读”的方式来寻找细节在原文中的对应，“跳读”的目的就是为细节寻找答案。第四步 复读文章，核实任务 完成所有任务后，还应结合题目再把全文通读一遍，认真核实答案，要注意句子的人称、单复数、时态、语态、词性、主谓一致等。二、阅读表达解题技巧10在阅读表达题型中，要求学生在阅读理解的基础上，去完成一项任务或解决一个问题，主要考察学生捕捉信息的能力，综合概括信息的能力和组织信息的能力。接下来将从细节题，是非题，主旨题和活用题四种题型的解题技巧进行讲解。题型 题型一：细节题解题技巧细节题一般对人，事，地点，时间，原因及方式等进行提问，首先要审清题目要求，然后找出题目在文中出现的对应段落
34、，直接作答或用自己的话进行转述。设题方式1. What is the writers question in Letter A?2. Where were the researchers from? 3. Who can help shy people?4. Why did Burton decide to have the slides painted? 5. When was Burton Holmes born? 6. How are parents jobs different from childrens jobs according to Letter A. 典题精析On Nove
35、mber 30, 1906, George Bidder dropped a bottle from a boat into the North Sea. The weighted glass bottle sank almost to the sea floor, and then it move slowly for 108 years and 138 days.问题：How long did the weighted glass bottle move in the sea?解析：本题为细节题。题干意为“这个玻璃瓶在海里移动了多长时间？”，根据关键词“the weighted glass
36、 bottle move in the sea”可将答案锁定在第一段第二句中“The weighted glass bottle sank almost to the sea floor, and then it move slowly for 108 years and 138 days.”，故填“For 108 years and 138 days”。答案：For 108 years and 138 days. 题型 题型二：是非题解题技巧提问形式为一般疑问句，首先锁定范围，在范围内划出依据，然后使用 Yes / No 作答。设题方式1. Do parents have homework
37、according to letter B?2. Is being shy always a big problem according to the passage?3. Could Francis and Craig read the “map” of DNA in 2000?4. Will the step-by-step guide show you how to start a club?典题精析Its journey ended when Marianne Winkler found the bottle in 2015. Winkler was then on vacation
38、on Amrum Island. She picked up the bottle when it was washed up onto the beach. She saw a piece of paper inside, but didnt break it open. She could tell that the bottle was old. So she didnt want to damage it. 问题：Did Marianne Winkler find the bottle in 2015?解析：本题为是非题。题干意为“Marianne Winkler 是在 2015 年发
39、现这个瓶子的吗？”，根据第二段第一句 Its journey ended when Marianne Winkler found the bottle in 2015.可以判定答案是肯定的，故填“Yes”。答案：Yes.题型 题型三：主旨题解题技巧抓住文章结构，先总后分，先分后总还是总分总，确定总写在篇首还是篇尾，然后作答。如果不符合上述几种情况，则综合全文或段落，用自己的话进行概括。中考阅读表达中的主旨大意题一般由两点11或三点构成，常用的句型有：1. 介绍某个物体，新兴事物或抽象概念时：Whatis.2. 介绍某个人物时：Whois.3. 介绍做某事的方法时：How to do / How
40、 4. 介绍某事物的优/缺点时：The benefits / advantages / disadvantages of 例 1. What is the passage mainly about?解答：What shyness is and how to deal with it. 例 2. What is the main idea of the passage?解答：How to run a studio system? 例 3. What is the passage mainly about?解答：Who Andrew Matthews is and his book.设题方式1.
41、What is the passage mainly about?2. What does the writer mainly tell us in passage?3. What is the main idea of paragraph 4?4. What do you learn from this story?5. What is the purpose of this passage?典题精析Scientists now understand that a fire can be a natural part of a healthy forest. As a result, cou
42、ntries like Australia allow more fires to burn naturally. Sometimes, fire fighters even start fires to get rid of（去除） dead wood. Of course, they carefully control the fires. The fire thins out old trees. This allows sunlight to reach the ground. As a result, fires help new trees to grow. Therefore,
43、if a fire is not a serious threat（威胁）to people, firefighters may let it burn naturally.问题：What is the main idea of paragraph 4?解析：本题为段落主旨题。题干意为“第四段的主要意思是什么？”，根据第四段段首句可知“澳大利亚允许更多的火自然燃烧”，而后面的内容解释的是这样做的原因是保持森林健康，综合这两点并运用 in order to 短语即可得出正确答案，应填 “In order to keep forests healthy, some fires may be all
44、owed to burn naturally.”。答案：In order to keep forests healthy, some fires may be allowed to burn naturally.题型 题型四：活用题解题技巧主观性最强，需要准确把握主旨，围绕文章的中心观点列出要点，扩点成句，进行润色，但要注意不能不着边际，离题万里。设题方式1. Do you think the selfie is good? Why?2. What can be filled in the blank（空白）at the end of letter B?典题精析I think its only
45、 fair that teenagers help out a bit at home. They might not like it, but its good for them. It teaches them how to look after themselves. This is really useful when _.（北京朝阳期末）问题：What can be filled in the blank（空白）at the end of letter B?解析：本题为活用题。题干意为“在 letter B 结尾的空白处能够填什么？”，这类题的答案比较灵活，不是唯一的，只要和文章的主
46、旨一致就可以。本段主要说的是孩子们在家里做一些家务能够帮助她们学会照顾自己，当_, 这一点是有用的。那么一定是孩子离开家，独自生活的时候，答案与此主题一致即可。12答案：they leave home to go to college/ live on their own 浏览问题（抓住选项中的关键词，以便有目的性的通读文章）题号 选项1 Do a lot of teenagers stay at home during summer holidays?2 Why is hula hooping a good choice?3 What do most juggling beginners start with?4 Where can most of the equipment be found?5 What does the passage mainly talk about?通读寻读话题 体裁 字数 建议用时 实际用时 正确率 星级日常生活类 记叙文 327 6-8 分钟 _/5 Clowning AroundIts almost time for the summer holidays. The thought of sunshine, no school or homework and t
