1、题型九 按要求完成句子,题型1,题型2,考情分析 1.考查方式: (1)按要求改写句子: 肯定句改为否定句; 陈述句改为一般疑问句; 就画线部分提问; 陈述句改为反意疑问句; 陈述句改为感叹句; 同义句转换; 单复数之间的转换; 陈述句改为祈使句。 (2)根据所给汉语提示完成下列句子:汉语句子给出,挖空式填写。 2.特点:都是单句,每空限填一词。,题型1,题型2,考纲解读 甘肃中考英语中按要求完成句子题分为两个题型:一是按要求改写句子;二是根据汉语意思完成句子。,题型2,题型1,一、按要求改写句子 中考中按要求改写句子主要分为以下情况: 1.肯定句改为否定句 一般情况下,将肯定句改为否定句时,
2、若句中有be动词,助动词do,have/has/had,或情态动词can,should,may等,则在其后直接加上not(nt)。若句中没有这些词,则分别在谓语动词的原形、第三人称单数形式或过去式前面加do not(dont),does not(doesnt)或did not(didnt),并将谓语动词改为原形。注意:am和may不能与not缩写在一起;shall not缩写为shant,can not缩写为cant(也可写为cannot),will not缩写为wont。,题型2,题型1,典例1(2018甘肃白银,5)This volleyball must belong to Carla.
3、(改为否定句) This volleyball Carlas. 解析:句意:这个排球一定是属于卡拉的。must是情态动词,在这表示肯定的猜测。变为否定句时,则需要改成表示否定的猜测,表否定的猜测应该用cant。 答案:cant be,题型2,题型1,2.陈述句改为一般疑问句 (1)若句中有be动词、have/has/had或情态动词shall,should等,改为一般疑问句时直接将这些词移到主语前。若陈述句中不含有这些词,那么根据谓语动词的形式在主语前加do,does或did,并将谓语动词改为原形。注意句首首字母要大写,问句句末用问号,读时用升调。还要注意一些缩写词,如:hes=he is或h
4、e has;youd=you had或you would;well=we shall或we will。 (2)对一般疑问句的回答,肯定用“Yes+肯定答语”,否定用“No+否定答语”。在答语中,原句主语是名词时要改为代词;指示代词this,that改为it;these,those要改为they。,题型2,题型1,典例2(2018四川乐山,76)The newly-opened supermarket had something on sale last Sunday.(改为一般疑问句)the newly-opened supermarket anything on sale last Sund
5、ay? 解析:had是谓语动词,改为一般疑问句时,需要在句首加Did,且将had还原为have。 答案:Did;have,题型2,题型1,3.就画线部分提问 所谓就画线部分提问,就是用一个合适的疑问词替代句中的画线部分,使之成为一个特殊疑问句。其方法主要是:先依据语意选择相应的疑问词或词组置于句首,但要把画线部分去掉,再把剩余部分变为一般疑问句,句末改用问号。变换时要注意以下几点: (1)对主语或主语的定语提问时,用陈述句语序。对定语提问时,所修饰的名词应放在疑问词后。对其他成分提问时,用“疑问词+一般疑问句”。 (2)选择恰当的疑问词。根据画线部分在句中所做的成分及具体意思选择恰当的疑问词。
6、,题型2,题型1,典例3(2018甘肃白银,1)The sweater is 20 dollars.(对画线部分提问) is the sweater? 解析:20 dollars“20美元”,表示的是价钱,提问应用How much。 答案:How much,题型2,题型1,4.陈述句改为反意疑问句 反意疑问句由“陈述句+附加问句”构成,要注意以下几点: (1)如前一部分用肯定形式,后一部分则用否定形式;否则反之。 (2)前后两部分谓语动词的时态要一致;如果陈述部分的主语是名词,则附加问句部分要改用相应的代词;陈述句如果是there be句型,则附加问句仍要用there。 (3)如果陈述部分含有
7、no,neither,nor,none,nothing,nobody,little,few,never,hardly等表示否定意义的词时,附加问句要用肯定形式。 (4)祈使句的反意疑问句都是will you;Lets开头的祈使句,反意疑问句用shall we。,题型2,题型1,典例4(2018甘肃天水,67)Dont throw away the rubbish everywhere, ?(改为反意疑问句) 解析:祈使句的反意疑问句用will you。 答案:will you,题型2,题型1,5.陈述句改为感叹句 将陈述句改为感叹句,首先根据上下文弄清句子中被强调的是哪一部分。如果被强调部分是
8、名词,该感叹句要用what引导;如果被强调部分是形容词或副词,该感叹句要用how引导。 感叹句的常见结构有以下几种: (1)What+a/an(+形容词)+单数可数名词(+主语+谓语+其他)! (2)What(+形容词)+不可数名词/复数可数名词(+主语+谓语+其他)! (3)How+形容词/副词(+主语+谓语+其他)!,题型2,题型1,典例5(2018贵州黔南,75)This movie is very interesting.(改为感叹句)this movie is! 解析:改为感叹句前先将句中修饰形容词和副词的very,so,too,quite,rather,as等去掉;interest
9、ing“有意思的”是形容词,应该套用感叹句结构:How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语+其他! 答案:How interesting,题型2,题型1,6.同义句转换 (1)简单句与简单句之间的转换。 运用同义词/词组或近义词/词组改写。 运用反义词或反义词的否定式改写。 典例6(2018甘肃白银,3)Hows the weather today?(改为同义句)the weather today? 解析:询问天气情况的句型Hows the weather today?相当于Whats the weather like? 答案:Whats;like,题型2,题型1,典例7I spent thirty y
10、uan on this ticket.(改为同义句) I thirty yuan this ticket. 解析:此题考查英语中“花费”的表达。句中的spend常用于sb.spend.on sth.(in doing sth.),可替换为sb.pay.for.。句中spent为一般过去时态的谓语动词,故同义句也应为一般过去时态。 答案:paid;for,题型2,题型1,(2)将两个句子或并列句改为简单句。 用both.and,either.or,neither.nor,not only.but also,not.but等并列连词改写。 用分词短语改写。 用too.to.,(not) enoug
11、h to等不定式结构改写。 典例8The thief ran so fast that the policeman could not catch him.(改为简单句) The thief ran fast for the policeman catch. 解析:句意:那个盗贼跑得太快,警察追不到他。so.that.此处可以和too.to.进行互换。 答案:too;to,题型2,题型1,(3)将复合句改为简单句。 用不定式改写。 He is so weak that he cant carry it. He is too weak to carry it. 用介词短语改写。 Bob bega
12、n to go to school when he was six. Bob began to go to school at the age of six. It is five years since he became a teacher. He has been a teacher for five years. 用分词短语改写。 When she heard the news,she began to cry. Hearing the news,she began to cry.,题型2,题型1,用名词短语改写。 Could you tell me how I can get to
13、the park? Could you tell me the way to the park? 用最高级改写。 He is shorter than any other student in his class. He is the shortest student in his class. She did worse than the other runners. She did the worst of all the runners. 用“疑问词+不定式”改写。 We dont know what we should do. We dont know what to do. Coul
14、d you tell me where I can find him? Could you tell me where to find him?,题型2,题型1,典例9(2018甘肃白银,4)At first,he didnt know what he could do in the new group.(改为简单句) At first,he didnt know do in the new group. 解析:宾语从句变简单句时需变成“特殊疑问词+to do”形式,即将宾语从句中的主语和情态动词变成to。 答案:what to,题型2,题型1,(4)将并列句或两个简单句改为一个复合句。 将并
15、列句改成含有条件状语从句的复合句。 Work hard,and youll pass the exam. If you work hard,youll pass the exam. Hurry up,or well be late. If we dont hurry up,well be late. 将并列句改成含原因状语从句的复合句。 He was ill,so I went to do it instead of him. I went to do it instead of him because he was ill. 将两个简单句合并为一个含有状语从句的复合句。 He is very
16、 tired.He cant walk any further. He is so tired that he cant walk any further.,题型2,题型1,将两个简单句合并为一个含有宾语从句的复合句。 Does he live here?Do you know? Do you know if/whether he lives here? 典例10“Who is responsible for the food safety problem?”asked the reporter.(改为间接引语) The reporter asked responsible for the f
17、ood safety problem. 解析此题是将两个简单句合并为含有宾语从句的复合句,要注意主从复合句时态保持一致。 答案who was,题型2,题型1,(5)将复合句改为另一复合句。 I went to bed after I finished my homework. I didnt go to bed until I finished my homework. 典例11Theyll go out to fly kites if it doesnt rain.(同义句转换) Theyll go out to fly kites it rains. 解析unless引导条件状语从句。 答
18、案unless,题型2,题型1,(6)一些常见句型及惯用法之间的转换。 Its time for dinner. Its time to have dinner. Lets play football,shall we? What about playing football? That machine doesnt work. There is something wrong with that machine. Jane likes coffee.Linda likes coffee,too. Jane likes coffee.So does Linda. Emma likes math
19、,but she likes English better. Emma prefers English to math.,题型2,题型1,典例12My father likes noodles better than rice.(改为同义句) My father noodles rice. 解析prefer.to.:比起更喜欢。句意:比起米饭,我父亲更喜欢面条。 答案prefers;to,题型2,题型1,7.单复数之间的转换 典例13(2018四川达州,86)The students need some unusual books to read after school every day.
20、(改为单数形式) The student unusual book to read after school every day. 解析:students的单数形式是student;need的第三人称单数形式是needs;some在变单数的时候去掉,可数名词单数前加a/an;books的单数形式是book;unusual是以元音音素开头的单词。 答案:needs an,题型2,题型1,8.陈述句改为祈使句 典例14(2018甘肃白银,2)Could you please be there at 5:00?(改为祈使句)at 5:00,please! 解析:以Could开头的一般疑问句表示建议或
21、请求,可与以动词原形开头的祈使句相互转化。 答案:Be there,题型2,题型1,二、根据汉语意思完成句子 要做好根据汉语意思完成句子题,应把握好以下四点: 1.读懂汉语,了解表达意思。跳过空格读英语句子,英汉对照,找准要翻译的中文部分。 2.确定句子种类,确定要完成的句子属于陈述句、祈使句、感叹句还是疑问句,是肯定句还是否定句等。句子种类的确定能帮助学生沿着正确的思路得出答案,少走弯路,缩短解题时间。 3.确定句子的时态和语态。仔细理解句子意思,抓住所给汉语句子中显示句子时态的时间状语、情景等,来确定所要完成的句子该用何种时态、语态等。 4.充分利用初中所学的主要句式及短语。初中生所应掌握
22、的大量句式和短语都频繁地出现在历年各地中考“完成句子”试题中,只有熟练地掌握这些句式和短语才能以不变应万变,答好这类试题。,题型2,题型1,典例15我们绝不放弃实现自己梦想的努力。 We will never give up to make our dream true. 解析:对比英汉句子可知要翻译的是“放弃做某事”,“使成为现实”。give up doing sth.;make e true。 答案:trying;come 典例16(2018甘肃白银,6)改过不嫌晚。 Its never late mend. 解析:too.to.“太而不能”,too后加形容词或副词的原极;to后加动词原形。 答案:too;to,
