2019版八年级数学下册第五章分式与分式方程5.4分式方程(第1课时)一课一练基础闯关(新版)北师大版.doc

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1、- 1 -分式方程一课一练基础闯关题组 分式方程的概念及解法1.下列方程: =2; =2; y= x; = ;x5 5 23 1+5+12y+1= ; 1+3(x-2)=7-x; y 2-3= .2 y3其中,分式方程有_个. ( )A.1 B.2 C.3 D.4【解析】选 C.下列方程: =2; =2;y= x; = ;y+1= ;1+3(x-2)=7-x;y 2-3= .x5 5 23 1+5+12 2 y3是分式方程的是:,共 3 个.【方法技巧】判断分式方程的方法判断一个方程是不是分式方程关键是看分母中是否含有未知数.若有,则是分式方程;若没有,则不是分式方程.2.(2017成都中考)

2、已知 x=3 是分式方程 - =2 的解,那么实数 k 的值为 世纪金榜导学号k12110164121( )A.-1 B. 0 C.1 D.2【解析】选 D.根据题意,得 - =2,解得 k=2.3312133.(2017河南中考)解分式方程 -2= ,去分母得 ( )11 31A.1-2(x-1)=-3 B.1-2(x-1)=3C.1-2x-2=-3 D.1-2x+2=3【解析】选 A.1-x=-(x-1),- 2 -原方程可变形为 -2=- ,11 31方程左右两边同时乘以最简公分母(x-1),得:1-2(x-1)=-3.4.分式方程 = 的解是_.1223【解析】 = ,1223方程两边

3、同乘以 2x(x-3),得 x-3=4x,解得 x=-1,检验:当 x=-1 时,2x(x-3)0,故原分式方程的解是 x=-1.答案:x=-15.如图,点 A,B 在数轴上,它们所对应的数分别是-4, ,且点 A,B 到原点的距离相等,求 x 的值.2+235世纪金榜导学号 10164122【解析】根据题意得, =|-4|,解得 x= .2+235 115经检验 x= 是原方程的解,115所以 x 的值为 .115题组 已知分式方程的根的情况求待定字母1.(2017聊城中考)如果关于 x 的分式方程 - =1 时出现增根,那么 m 的值为 ( )m2 22A.-2 B.2 C.4 D.-4【

4、解析】选 D.去分母得,m+2x=x-2,把增根 x=2 代入得,m=-4.- 3 -2.下列分式方程一定不会产生增根的是 ( )A. =1 B. =12+1 21|+1C. =m D. =12+3 x2+【解析】选 B.因为分式方程一定不会产生增根,所以分母一定不会等于零.能保证分母不等于零的只有 B选项|x|+1 一定会大于零.3.若分式方程 =a 无解 ,则 a 的值 ( )x+1世纪金榜导学号 10164123A.1 B.-1 C.1 D.0【解析】选 C.在方程两边同乘(x+1)得:x-a=a(x+1),整理得:x(1-a)=2a,当 1-a=0 时,即 a=1,整式方程无解,当 x

5、+1=0,即 x=-1 时,分式方程无解,把 x=-1 代入 x(1-a)=2a 得:-(1-a)=2a,解得:a=-1.4.(2017龙东中考)若关于 x 的分式方程 = 的解为非负数,则 a 的取值范围是 ( )2212A.a1 B.a1C.a1 且 a4 D.a1 且 a4【解析】选 C.去分母得:2(2x-a)=x-2,解得:x= ,223由题意得: 0 且 2,223 223解得:a1 且 a4.- 4 -5.当 a 为何值时,关于 x 的方程 + = 会产生增根 ? 世纪金榜导学号 1016412422 a24 3+2【解析】方程两边都乘(x+2)(x-2),得2(x+2)+ax=

6、3(x-2),整理得(a-1)x=-10若原分式方程有增根,则 x=2 或-2 是方程(a-1)x=-10 的根.把 x=2 或-2 代入方程(a-1)x=-10 中,解得 a=-4 或 6.(2017泸州中考)关于 x 的分式方程 + =3 的解为正实数,则实数 m 的取值范围是x+2 22_.【解析】 + =3,x+2 22- =3,x+2 22x+m-2m=3x-6,x= .62由题意得 x= 0,解得 m6,62又 x= 2,m2,m6.62答案:m6变式二当 m 为何值时,关于 x 的分式方程 + =3 无解?x+2 22【解析】 + =3,x+2 22- =3,x+2 22x+m-2m=3x-6,x= .62关于 x 的分式方程 + =3 无解,x+2 22 =2,解得 m=2.62当 m=2 时,关于 x 的分式方程 + =3 无解.x+2 22- 6 -

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