2018年中考化学真题分类汇编2我们身边的物质考点10碳和碳的化合物2二氧化碳2制法碳酸钙含量的测定(无答案).doc

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2018年中考化学真题分类汇编2我们身边的物质考点10碳和碳的化合物2二氧化碳2制法碳酸钙含量的测定(无答案).doc_第1页
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1碳和碳的化合物(18 嘉兴)32.大理石是含杂质的碳酸钙,因具有美丽花纹而被广泛用于建筑物外墙、内壁的贴面和地面铺设。某同学想测出大理石样品中碳酸钙的含量,进行了如下实验和分析。(1)取一定量的大理石样品置于图甲的发生装置中,用分液漏斗向下滴加盐酸(方程式:CaCO3+2HCl=CaCl2+H2O+CO2,杂质不参加反应),产生的气体用含有碱性物质的吸收装置充分吸收。分液漏斗中所加液体不选用硫酸,理由是_。(2)反应前,测得图甲中锥形瓶内物质的总质量和吸收装置的总质量都为 m 克。实验后,根据实验数据绘制了图乙,曲线 a、b 分别表示锥形瓶内物质的总质量和吸收装置的总质量随反应时间变化的情况。请根据曲线 b 计算出大理石样品中碳酸钙的质量。(3)请综合分析曲线 a、b,计算出实验中所用盐酸的溶质质量分数。(4)计算后,该同学对上述实验进行了反思。他认为分液漏斗中选用的盐酸浓度偏大,2会对实验结果造成较大影响,其原因是_。

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