2018_2019学年高中生物第5章生态系统及其稳定性本章整合课件新人教版必修3.ppt

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本章整合,一、能量流动、物质循环和信息传递的比较,二、光合作用、呼吸作用与能量流动和碳循环1.光合作用的实质是把CO2和H2O转化成有机物,从而使碳由无机环境进入生物群落;同时把光能转变成化学能贮存在有机物中。自然生态系统中生产者固定的太阳能是进入生态系统的总能量。光合作用为呼吸作用提供原料,是生态系统能量流动的起点。 2.呼吸作用是指生物体氧化分解有机物并释放能量的过程。它为生命活动的各项具体过程提供能量。在生态系统中,各种生物通过呼吸作用将流入群落的能量和碳释放回环境。所以说呼吸作用也是碳循环中联系生物群落和无机环境的桥梁。,三、图解生态系统抵抗力稳定性、恢复力稳定性和总稳定性的关系1.图中两条虚线之间的部分表示生态系统功能正常的作用范围。 2.y表示一个外来干扰使之偏离这一范围的大小,偏离的大小可以作为抵抗力稳定性的定量指标,偏离大说明抵抗力稳定性弱;反之,抵抗力稳定性强。如热带雨林与草原生态系统相比,受到相同干扰,草原生态系统的y值要大于热带雨林的y值。,3.x可以表示恢复到原状态所需的时间:x越大,表示恢复原貌的难度越大,反之,恢复原貌的难度越小。 4.TS表示曲线与正常范围之间所围成的面积,可作为总稳定性的定量指标,这一面积越大,即x与y越大,则说明这个生态系统的总稳定性越低或破坏的程度越大。,

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