2018年高中化学专题2营养均衡与人体健康第三单元优化食物品质的添加剂课件7苏教版选修1.ppt

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1、解密食物的美味-优化食物品质的添加剂,使食物显现一定的颜色,着色剂,天然色素,人工食用色素,柠檬黄、胭脂红、诱惑红、 落日黄、亮蓝、靛蓝等,-胡萝卜素、叶绿素、辣椒红等,分离着色剂的方法:,用纸层析法分析色素,为何没有绿色人工食用色素?,层析法分离色素,取长条滤纸,距滤纸一端1cm处用铅笔画一条直线。 用盖玻片点上混合溶液,晾干再点。重复3-4次。 将滤纸浸入层析液(水:甘油2:1)中。层析液不能浸没铅笔画的线。 观察并记录实验现象。,使食物呈现良好的色泽,发色剂,相关的化学方程式: NO2-+H+=HNO2 3HNO2=HNO3+2NO+H2O Mb+NO=MbNO(亮红色) 肌红蛋白 亚硝

2、基肌红蛋白,NaNO2,分解,肌红蛋白,酸化,HNO2,NO,肉类腌制加工过程中亚硝酸盐的发色原理:,调味剂:,使食物口味更鲜美,调味剂,你能列举出你家厨房里的调味剂吗?,咸味剂:食盐 甜味剂:蔗糖 辣味剂:辣椒粉 鲜味剂:味精、酱油 酸味剂:食醋 食用香料:花椒、茴香、桂皮等,无果汁的“果汁”饮料,调味剂,首先把柠檬黄色素溶于水,就变成了很漂亮的柠檬色。,接着,再加入维生素C和酸味剂柠檬酸 (其他口味可加酒石酸、苹果酸和乳酸)。然后,注入果葡萄糖浆。这样就变成了 酸甜味。,疏松剂:使食物口感更良好,疏松剂,疏松原理,疏松剂受热易分解,产生气体使食品内部形成均匀致密的海绵状多孔组织,使食品酥脆

3、疏松。,复合疏松剂,疏松剂,面包,疏松剂,油条为何松脆可口?,A1 3+3HCO 3-=Al(OH) 3+3CO 2,含铝食品不能多吃,多吃易患老年痴呆症,防腐剂:使食物保质更长久,防腐剂,我国规定允许使用的防腐剂有苯甲酸、苯甲酸钠、山梨酸、山梨酸钾、丙酸钙等。,苯甲酸,C6H5COOH C6H5COO +H+,使用防腐性的必要性,防腐剂除了能防止食物变质外,还可以 杀灭黄曲霉菌等产毒微生物,这无疑是有 益于人体健康的,防腐剂,食品添加剂,为了提高食品的质量,在生产过程中所加入的一些能改变食品某些性质(如颜色、味道等)的物质,叫食品添加剂。,食品添加剂,绿色食品市场及其标志,爱生活,爱化学!,

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