2019高考数学二轮复习考前冲刺三突破6类解答题第六类函数与导数问题重在“分”——分离、分解课件.ppt

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1、第六类 函数与导数问题重在“分”分离、分解,以函数为载体、以导数为工具的综合问题是高考常考的压轴大题,多涉及含参数的函数的单调性、极值或最值的探索与讨论、复杂函数的零点的讨论、不等式中参数范围的讨论、恒成立和能成立问题的讨论等,是近几年高考试题的命题热点.对于此类综合试题,一般先求导,再变形或分解出基本函数,再根据题意处理.,【例6】 (2017全国卷)已知函数f(x)ax2axxln x,且f(x)0.,(1)求a; (2)证明:f(x)存在唯一的极大值点x0,且e2f(x0)22.,(1)解 f(x)的定义域为(0,), 设g(x)axaln x,则f(x)xg(x),(分离) f(x)0

2、等价于g(x)0, 因为g(1)0,g(x)0,故g(1)0,,当01时,g(x)0,g(x)单调递增, 所以x1是g(x)的极小值点,故g(x)g(1)0. 综上,a1. (2)证明 由(1)知f(x)x2xxln x,f(x)2x2ln x, 设h(x)2x2ln x,(分解),因为f(x)h(x),所以xx0是f(x)的唯一极大值点. 由f(x0)0得ln x02(x01),故f(x0)x0(1x0).,因为xx0是f(x)在(0,1)的最大值点, 由e1(0,1),f(e1)0得f(x0)f(e1)e2. 所以e2f(x0)22.,探究提高 1.(1)分离:把函数f(x)分离为x与g(

3、x)的积. (2)分解:构造h(x)2x2ln x. 2.破解策略:函数与导数压轴题计算复杂、综合性强、难度大.可以把参变量分离,把复杂函数分离为基本函数;可把题目分解成几个小题;也可把解题步骤分解为几个小步;注重分步解答,这样,即使解答不完整,也要做到尽可能多拿步骤分.,【训练6】 (2018石家庄调研)已知函数f(x)(2xb)ex,F(x)bxln x,bR.(1)若bb对任意x(0,)恒成立,求实数b的取值范围.,解 (1)f(x)ex(2xb2),,b0,F(x)0,即F(x)在(0,)上单调递减. f(x)和F(x)在区间M上具有相同的单调性,,(2)由F(x1)b得ln(x1)bx0.,g(x)在(0,)上递减,g(x)g(0)0.,因此实数b的取值范围是1,).,

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