1、第一编,专题一 阅读理解,考点4 词义猜测题,真 题 体 验,When combined with berries or slices of other fruits，frozen bananas make an excellent base for thick，cooling fruit shakes and low fat “ice cream”. For this purpose，select ripe bananas for freezing as they are much sweeter. Remove the skin and place them in plastic bags
2、 or containers and freeze. If you like，a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them turning brown. Frozen bananas will last several weeks，depending on their ripeness and the temperature of the freezer.,If you have a juicer，you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or
3、sliced fruit. Out comes a “softserve” creamy dessert，to be eaten right away. This makes a fun activity for a childrens party；they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below. 文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了七月给我们带来的多种浆果和核果，并告诉我们它们富含的营养和可以制成的美食。,
4、 What does the author seem to like about cherries？ _ AThey contain protein. BThey are high in vitamin A CThey have a pleasant taste. DThey are rich in antioxidants. 解析：细节理解题。由第二段中的“As for cherries，they are so delicious who cares？至于樱桃，它们味道甜美，(至于其他方面)谁会在乎呢？”可知，C项陈述与之吻合。,C, Why is fresh lemon juice use
5、d in freezing bananas？ _ ATo make them smell better. BTo keep their colour. CTo speed up their ripening. DTo improve their nutrition. 解析：细节理解题。根据题干中的fresh lemon juice可以定位到第三段最后部分。由“If you like，a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them turning brown. ”可知，往香蕉上挤一些新鲜的柠檬汁能保护香蕉在冷冻的时候
6、不变色，故选B项。,B, What is “a juicer” in the last paragraph？ _ AA dessert. BA drink. CA container. DA machine. 解析：词义猜测题。最后一段中画线词处的语境提到“喂食”(feed in)，“吐出”(out comes)，“放进机器的顶部” (into the top of the machine)，从这些信息词判断画线词指的是一种机器，因此选D。,D, From which is the text probably taken？ _ AA biology textbook. BA health ma
7、gazine. CA research paper. DA travel brochure. 解析：推理判断题。本题考查文章的出处。从全文内容看，第一段提到丰收的七月带来的果实，说这些水果好比储存营养的小“动力室”；第二段提到山莓等各种水果含有的维生素等营养成分；第三、四段提到利用这些水果制作各种美食。因此本文应该摘选自健康类的杂志。故选B项。,B,Americans use more than 100 billion thin film plastic bags every year. So many end up in tree branches or along highways tha
8、t a growing number of cities do not allow them at checkouts(收银台). The bags are prohibited in some 90 cities in California，including Los Angeles. Eyeing these headwinds，plastic bag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most peopl
9、e assume. Among the bag makers arguments：many cities with bans still allow shoppers to purchase paper bags，which are easily recycled but require more energy to produce and transport. And while plastic bags may be ugly to look at，they represent a small percentage of all garbage on the ground today.,T
10、he industry has also taken aim at the product that has appeared as its replacement：reusable shopping bags. The stronger a reusable bag is，the longer its life and the more plasticbag use it cancels out. However，longerlasting reusable bags often require more energy to make. One study found that a cott
11、on bag must be used at least 131 times to be better for the planet than plastic. Environmentalists dont dispute(质疑)these points. They hope paper bags will be banned someday too and want shoppers to use the same reusable bags for years.,文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。主题是“人与自然”，人与自然如何和谐相处？一个小小塑料购物袋的使用就体现了人与自然的相处之道。塑料购
12、物袋产生“白色垃圾”，在美国加利福尼亚州约有90个城市禁止使用塑料购物袋；塑料购物袋制造商想出了对策用可以重复利用的购物袋，虽然这种购物袋的制作和运输成本高；环保专家认为塑料袋和纸袋都不要用。, What has Steven Stein been hired to do？ _ AHelp increase grocery sales. BRecycle the waste material. CStop things falling off trucks. DArgue for the use of plastic bags. 解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句“. are hirin
13、g scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume. ”可知，塑料购物袋制造商雇用像Stein这样的科学家来说明他们的产品并不像大多数人认为的那样对地球有那么大的坏处，所以D项“据理支持使用塑料袋”正确。,D, What does the word “headwinds” in paragraph 2 refer to？ _ ABans on plastic bags. BEffects of city developme
14、nt. CHeadaches caused by garbage. DPlastic bags hung in trees. 解析：词义猜测题。画线单词所在句意为“看到这种逆风，塑料购物袋制造商雇用像Stein这样的科学家来说明他们的产品不像大多数人认为的那样对地球有那么大的坏处”。联系上一句“The bags are prohibited in some 90 cities in. ”可知，A项“禁止使用塑料袋”为正确选项。,A, What is a disadvantage of reusable bags according to plasticbag makers？ _ AThey a
15、re quite expensive. BReplacing them can be difficult. CThey are less strong than plastic bags. DProducing them requires more energy. 解析：细节理解题。根据题干信息“可重复使用的购物袋的缺点”可定位到文章第四段倒数第二句“. longerlasting reusable bags often require more energy to make. ”，这种长期可重复使用的购物袋的制作需要更多的能源，故选D项。,D, What is the best title
16、for the text？ _ APlastic，Paper or Neither BIndustry，Pollution and Environment CRecycle or Throw Away DGarbage Collection and Waste Control 解析：主旨大意题。本文主要叙述了三方面的内容：塑料购物袋产生“白色垃圾”；塑料购物袋制造商想出了对策用可重复使用的购物袋；环保专家希望塑料袋和纸袋都不用。故A项“塑料袋、纸袋或者两者都不用”可作为文章的最佳标题。,A,词句猜测题主要考查根据阅读材料提供的信息，结合所应有的常识和经验，正确判断生词、词组的合义和熟词在特定语
17、境中表达的具体含义以及某一句子的意思。做题时需要注意：,名 师 点 津,1明晰三类常见设问方式： (1)词意义：The underlined word/phrase. probably means/can be replaced by _ . Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined world/phrase. ？ (2)指代类：What does the underlined word “this/that/it/they. ” refer to？The underlined part “this/that/
18、it/they. ” refers to _ . (3)句意类：The underlined sentence in the . paragraph probably means _ . What can we infer from the underlined sentence in Paragraph. ？,2判断三种正确选项特征： (1)合义和其字面意思没有任何的关系。 (2)上下文逻辑通顺。 (3)与原句意思最接近。 3识别三类干扰选项特点： (1)与所考词汇形似。 (2)如果考的是熟词，含有常规词义的往往是错误选项。 (3)句子解释中含有过多原句中已有的词和短语的选项一般是错误选项。
19、,技 法 例 析,1语境分析猜词义 文章中的任何单词和句子在内容上都不是孤立的，都与其所在的句子、段落及整篇文章有关。因此，应该利用上下文提供的情景和线索，进行符合逻辑的分析，并依此来猜测词义或者句意。 (1)同义或定义解释法。上下文中以某种方式对其进行解释，如利用or，that is (to say)，in other words，namely等词语进行解释，或利用破折号、同位语(从句)、定语从句等进行解释。,(2)因果推断法。对生词词义的猜测需要结合上下文的因果关系进行。 (3)前后对比法。上下文中往往对生词提供一定的对比背景，并且通常以反义或对照的方式出现，以此可推测生词意思。 (4)语
20、境理解法。生词词义的推测大多根据语境进行，做题时要根据上下文语境信息进行分析、推理，从而猜测出生词的意义。 (5)基本构词法。根据前缀、后缀，合成及词性转换猜测词义。,(2016全国，C片段) I am Peter Hodes，a volunteer stem cell courier. Since March 2012，Ive done 89 trips of those，51 have been abroad. I have 42 hours to carry stem cells(干细胞)in my little box because Ive got two ice packs and
21、 thats how long they last. In all，from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor(捐献者) to the time they can be implanted in the patient，weve got 72 hours at most. So I am always conscious of time. Which of the following can replace the underlined word “courier” in Paragraph 1？ Aprovider Bdel
22、ivery man Ccollector Dmedical doctor,典例 1,解题思路 第一步 确定题干中的关键信息 _ 第二步 定位到原文信息句，并标出关键词 _ 第三步 比对选项得出答案 _,the underlined word “courier” in Paragraph 1 Ive done 89 trips I have 42 hours so carry stem cells in my little box.,B,(2017全国，D片段) A buildityourself solar still(蒸馏器) is one of the best ways to obtai
23、n drinking water in areas where the liquid is not readily available. Developed by two doctors in the US. Department of Agriculture，its an excellent water collector. Unfortunately，you must carry the necessary equipment with you，since its all but impossible to find natural substitutes. The only compon
24、ents required，though，are a 5 5 sheet of clear or slightly milky plastic，six feet of plastic tube，and a containerperhaps just a drinking cupto catch the water. These pieces can be folded into a neat little pack and fastened on your belt.,典例 2,To construct a working still，use a sharp stick or rock to
25、dig a hole four feet across and three feet deep. Try to make the hole in a damp area to increase the water catchers productivity. Place your cup in the deepest part of the hole. Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs upand outthe side of
26、 the hole. What does the underlined phrase “the water catcher” in paragraph 2 refer to？ AThe tube. BThe still. CThe hole. DThe cup.,解题思路 第一步 确定题干中的关键信息 _ 第二步 定位到原文信息词 _ 第三步 对比选项得出答案 _,the underlined phrase “the water catcher” in paragraph 2 To construct a working still,B,(2016全国，C片段) There are also
27、varieties developed to suit specific local conditions. One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette，but youll need a warm，sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it，so its a pipe dream for most apple lovers who fall for it. What does the underlined phrase “a pipe dream” in
28、 Paragraph 3 mean？ AA practical idea. BA vain hope. CA brilliant plan. DA selfish desire.,典例 3,解题思路 第一步 确定题干中的关键信息 _ 第二步 定位到原文信息词 _ 第三步 对比选项得出答案 _,the underlined phrase “a pipe dream” in Paragraph 3 One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette， but youll need a warm， shelter
29、ed place with perfect soil to grow it， so.,B,(2018全国，C片段) Soon afterwards，many of those people started settling down to become farmers，and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries，trade，industrialisation，the development of the nationstate and the spread of uni
30、versal compulsory education，especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades，all have caused many languages to disappear，and dominant languages such as English，Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.,典例 4,Which of the following best explains “dominant” underlined
31、in paragraph 2？ AComplex. BAdvanced. CPowerful. DModern.,解题思路 第一步 确定题干中的关键信息 _ 第二步 定位到原文信息词 _ 第三步 比对选项得出答案 _,best explains “dominant” under lined in Paragraph 2 In recent centuries. all have caused many languages to disappear，and dominant languages such as English，Spanish and Chinese are increasingl
32、y taking over.,C,2就近原则判指代 代词指代判断三法 此类题目要求考生根据语境判断代词(this，that，it，they，them，one，which等)或助动词(do，does，did等)究竟指代什么。具体方法： (1)返回原文，找出指代词(it，they，them，this. )。 (2)向上(有时向下)搜索，找最近的名词、代词、短语或句子(就近原则)。 (3)将找到的词、词组或句子代入替换该指代词，看其意思、逻辑关系是否通顺，并最终确定最佳答案。,(2017全国，C片段) Despite the celebrations，though，in the US. the ja
33、zz audience continues to shrink and grow older，and the music has failed to connect with younger generations. Its Jason Morans job to help change that. As the Kennedy Centers artistic adviser for jazz，Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz，make the music more accessible，and preserve its history a
34、nd culture. What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 3 refer to？ AJazz becoming more accessible. BThe production of jazz growing faster. CJazz being less popular with the young. DThe jazz audience becoming larger.,典 例,解题思路 第一步 确定题干中的关键信息 _ 第二步 定位到原句，并找出该词所代替的词语 _ 第三步 综合判断得出答案 _,the underlin
35、ed word “that” in paragraph 3 the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older， and the music has failed to connect with younger generations,C,3意义吻合定句意 句意猜测两注意 句意猜测题要求考生通过阅读文章。用合适的语句对其进行解释性的描述。 (1)返回原文，找到该句，对原句进行语法和逻辑关系的准确分析。对于需要推理的句意理解，首先要理解句子前后的语境，其次对此句在文章中的意思进行合理的推断，最后再归纳总结。 (2)一般来说，正确选项的意思与原
36、句的意思完全相同，只是用其他的英语词汇和句式来表达相同的意思。,(2017全国，D片段) Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs when being attacked. Its a plants way of crying out. But is anyone listening？ Apparently. Because we can watch the neighbors react. Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away. Bu
37、t others do double duty. They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers. Once they arrive，the tables are turned. The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch.,典 例,What does the author mean by “the tables are turned” in paragraph 3？ AThe attackers get attacked. BThe insects gather under the table. CThe plants get ready to fight back. DThe perfumes attract natural enemies.,解题思路 第一步 确定题干中的关键信息 _ 第二步 定位到原句，并找出与该句相关的信息句 _ 第三步 综合判断得出答案 _,mean by “the tables are turned” in paragraph 3 The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch.,A,
