1、第一编,专题三 完形填空,文体3 议论文和说明文,(二)说明文,真 题 体 验,(2015重庆) Imagine the first days in a new time zone. Slow to respond to the 1. _ ，your body clock is confused. Youre sleepy all day，but when its time for bed，you can hardly fall asleep. Obviously youre 2. _ jet lag (时差反应). Travelers have traditionally fought th
2、is 3. _ with sleeping pills or alcohol. There are actually healthier ways that can work just as 4. _ .,B,A,B,D,For example，the moment you get on the airplane，start 5. _ your biological clock to the destinations time. If its daytime in your destination，try to stay 6. _ . Walking around the cabin (客舱)
3、 can be of help. When its nighttime，try to sleep. In that case，eat before the flight， 7. _ an empty stomach will prevent you from sleeping. These tips will help you start a new 8. _ of sleep and wakefulness. 文章大意：本文讲述在旅行中如何调整你的生物钟。,C,A,D,B, Aflight Bchange Cdemand Dclimate 解析：考查名词辨析。Aflight航班；Bchang
4、e变化；Cdemand要求；Dclimate气候。根据上下文可知，到达新时区之后，体内的生物钟会混乱。此处指的是身体对这种时间的改变反应很慢。 Asuffering from Bworking on Clooking into Dleading to 解析：考查动词短语辨析。suffer from遭受之苦；work on从事于；look into调查；lead to导致。根据时区的变化可知很明显会导致时差反应，让人苦不堪言，故选A项。, Adanger Bproblem Cwaste Dfear 解析：考查名词辨析。Adanger危险；Bproblem问题；Cwaste浪费；Dfear恐惧。句
5、意：游客会用药片和酒精来处理这个问题。根据语境可知是对待时差反应的问题，故选B项。 Abriefly Bslowly Csuddenly Deffectively 解析：考查副词辨析。Abriefly简洁地；Bslowly慢慢地；Csuddenly突然地；Deffectively有效地。句意：有几种健康的方法，并且很有效。根据语境可知选D项。, Achecking Bsending Cadjusting Dstopping 解析：考查动词辨析。Achecking 检查；Bsending送到；Cadjusting调整；Dstopping停止。句意：一登机就开始调整你的生物钟，使之适应新的时区。a
6、djust. . . to. . . 把调整到，故选C项。 Aawake Balone Chungry Dcalm 解析：考查形容词辨析。Aawake清醒的；Balone单独的；Chungry饥饿的；Dcalm平静的。句意：如果是白天到目的地，试着保持清醒。stay awake保持清醒，故选A项。, Athough Bso Cwhile Dor 解析：考查连词辨析。Athough虽然；Bso因此；Cwhile虽然；Dor否则。句意：在这种情况下，提前吃饭，否则，空腹会阻止你入睡。or表示转折，故选D项。 Aunderstanding Bcycle Cresearch Dtrend 解析：考查名
7、词辨析。Aunderstanding明白；Bcycle周期；Cresearch研究；Dtrend趋势。句意：这些建议能帮你开始新的作息时间“周期”。根据语境可知选B项。,在说明文型完形填空题中，作者一般是首先提出一个要说明的对象，如某种理论、某种方法、某种技巧、某项活动，然后按照时间、空间、事情发展的顺序，运用举例、对比、演绎、归纳等方式进行介绍或说明。说明文型完形填空常就某一个问题从不同的角度来加以说明。文章可以是用来说明某一个存在的社会现象、一个产品的制作过程、一种产品的使用方法、某个科学成就或人类生活中所面临的某个具体的难题。对于这一类型的完形填空，对考生而言最重要的还是要抓住作者说明的
8、中心。,名 师 点 津,说明文所呈现的方式往往较为单一，作者往往一开始就交代说明的对象，然后再从不同的角度进行说明。由于以上特点，这类文章的每一段往往就是其中的一个角度或侧面。因此，考生要注意概括每一个段落的主旨大意。在文章每一段的开头或结尾，作者往往会对说明的话题进行概括说明。,技 法 例 析,1掌握说明顺序 为了清楚、条理地说明事物，作者通常会使用列举等各种方法来说明顺序和步骤，考生需要格外注意这些线索和走势。 关键词：,First of all. Then. _2_ ，the pen should make a thick，dark line. Fineline pens may com
9、pensate for bad handwriting，but fine，delicate lines do not command attention next to printed text，as，for example，a signature on a printed letter. A broader line，on the other hand，gives an impression of confidence and authority(权威). AMeanwhile BGenerally CAfterwards DFinally,典 例,解题模板,3利用逻辑关系 完形填空通常通过
10、上下文的逻辑关系来命题。理清上下文是怎样的逻辑关系，找准关键信息词，可以帮助我们解题。,Hundreds of people have formed impressions of you through that little device(装置) on your desk. And theyve never actually met you. Everything they know about you came through this device，sometimes from hundreds of miles away. _43_ they feel they can know yo
11、u just from the sound of your voice. Thats how powerful the telephone is. AThus BYet CThen DIndeed,典 例,解题模板,4明白所举事例 作者为了说明一件事情或一个道理，通常会举出具体的事例。举例说明是说明文的常用手法，也是做题的突破口。例如：,To find the meaning from textbased clues，you should look for clues in the sentence. A second kind of clue does not rely on specifi
12、c words to indicate the meaning. This kind of context clue is called a frameworkbased clue. Your knowledge of the meaning of surrounding words helps you discover the meaning of a word or sentence. Common sense and your knowledge of the part of speech also help define unknown words. For example，the a
13、ngry driver shouted vehemently during his fight with the other driver. What does “vehemently” _56_ ？ You know what _57_ means，and you know how people feel when they argue. From this，you can figure out that “vehemently” has something to do with strong emotion or intense feelings.,典 例,56Amean. Buse Cc
14、ontain Dcomplete 57Aangry Bgrateful Chappy Danxious,解题模板,剖析：56. A 57. A 本文主要介绍在阅读过程中学习生词的方法和技巧。有时候在阅读中所遇到的生词的意思可以通过语境知道其含义。空格前面的句子说，常识和对词性的了解也有助于(读者)给生词下定义。为了表达上文的意思，作者举例说，一个发怒的司机与另一个司机吵架的过程中喊叫着。这里用副词vehemently来修饰动词shouted。作者这里肯定问的是：“vehemently”是什么意思呢？因此56题选A项，与下文中的“You know what _57_ means”形成呼应。57题选A，意思是“你知道angry是什么意思，而且你(也)知道人们在争辩时的感受”，也与上文中的“the angry driver”相呼应。因此理解所举例子对理解文章所述道理非常有帮助。,
