1、短文改错解题指导,李仕才,短文改错题考查学生发现和纠正错误的能力。这种题型不仅要求学生牢固掌握一定的词汇和语法知识，还要求学生具有一定的阅读理解和逻辑思维能力。学生在平时写作中容易出现的错误是短文改错题考查的重点。,解题步骤,第一步：通读全文, 了解大意。通过浏览全文, 从宏观上把握文章的主旨、时态、人称, 为下一步的纠错做好准备。 第二步：逐句推敲, 纠正错误。仔细阅读每个句子, 同时找出并纠正错误。 第三步：重读全文, 检查答案。再次仔细阅读全文, 检查已修改的部分是否正确且符合逻辑, 并尽可能发现漏掉的错误。,应试策略,做短文改错时，同学们应当注意以下几种 情况： 1. 看到名词、代词结
2、构时，要检查是否有数、格或指代不一致的错误； 2. 看到转折、因果、对比等结构时，要检查是否有逻辑方面的错误； 3. 看到多重结构句，要检查是否有时态、语态、引导词或成分残缺等错误；,4. 看到平行结构，要检查是否有时态、语态、词性不一致或成分缺失引起的句子不平衡错误； 5. 看到固定短语、词组时，要检查副词、介词、冠词等是否有使用错误或缺失。,考点汇总,短文改错的考点虽然涉及面广、综合性 强，但是有一定的规律性。 一、冠词 主要考查冠词表示泛指、特指的用法及其 在固定短语中的用法。 1. . I learnt a impressive lesson about gravity!（2014陕西
3、卷）,【解析】考查不定冠词。此处泛指一节令人印象深刻的课, 且冠词后的impressive 的读音为元音音素开头, 故应将a改为an。 2. I asked Mom to stay in the sitting room and I cooked in kitchen. （2016四川卷） 【解析】考查定冠词the 的用法。此处特指作者家的厨房, 故应在kitchen前加the。,3. But in that case, we will learn little about world. （2016全国卷II）【解析】考查冠词在固定短语中的用法。表示“存在的一切事物、世界”等一般都用the w
4、orld。故应在world前加the。,二、名词 主要考查可数名词和不可数名词的辨析、可 数名词单复数等。 1. . she has to do most of the houseworks. （2016四川卷） 【解析】考查可数名词和不可数名词的辨析。housework 表示“家务活”, 是不可数名词, 故应将houseworks 改为housework。,2. The teenage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me. （2016全国卷III）【解析】考查名词单复数。由后文的from 13 to 19可知，应将ye
5、ar改为years。,三、动词 主要考查动词的时态、语态等。 1. I thought that it is a good idea. （2016全国卷II） 【解析】考查动词的时态。通读全文可知，本文的主体时态是一般现在时。故应将thought 改为think。,2. Every day he makes sure that freshvegetables and high quality oil are using for cooking. （2016 全国卷I）【解析】考查动词的语态。fresh vegetables and high quality oil 与use 之间是被动关系，应
6、用被动语态。故应将using改为used。,四、形容词、副词 主要考查形容词和副词的辨析、比较级和 最高级、动词-ing形式和动词-ed形式的形 容词辨析等。 1. . his business will grow steady. （2016 全国卷I） 【解析】考查形容词和副词的辨析。修饰动词grow应用副词。故应将steady改为steadily。,2. They were also the best and worse years in my life. （2016全国卷III）【解析】考查形容词的最高级。and 连接并列成分，再由and 前的the best 可知，应将worse 改为
7、worst。 3. It was both excited and frightening to be up there! （2016 浙江卷）【解析】考查动词-ing 形式和动词-ed 形式的形容词辨析。由语境可知，本句的意思是“在上面既令人兴奋又让人害怕”。故应将excited 改为exciting。,五、代词 主要考查各类代词的用法及指代错误。 1. It does not cost many, yet we can still learn a lot. （2016全国卷II）【解析】考查代词的用法。结合语境可知, 本句的意思是“去附近的旅游景点玩不会花很多钱, 而我们还能学到很多。”“
8、钱”是不可数名词, 应用代词much; many 指代可数名词复数。故应将many改为much。,2. . we can broaden your view . （2016全国卷II）【解析】考查代词指代错误。前后代词要一致；由主语we可知，应将your 改为our。,六、介词 主要考查介词的意义、用法。 1. Now I am leaving home to college. （2016 全国卷III）【解析】leave . for . 离开某地到另外一个地方。故应将to改为for。,2. Dad cleaned the house, and then went on shopping. （
9、2016 四川卷）【解析】go on doing sth. 继续做某事。go shopping 去购物。由语境可知，本句意为“爸爸打扫完房间后去购物了”。故应去掉on。,七、连词 主要从逻辑关系角度考查连词的误用，有时 也考查连词的多用。 1. If we stay at home, it is comfortable but there is no need to spend money. （2016全国卷II）【解析】考查连词的误用。“舒服”和“没必要花钱”都是讲呆在家里的好处，二者是并列关系。故应将but改为and。,2. Though not very big, but the res
10、taurant is popular in our area. （2016全国卷I）【解析】考查连词的多用。前后是转折关系，但因句首已有表示转折的连词Though，所以应去掉but。,八、从句的引导词 主要考查从句引导词的误用。 1. My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live. （2016 全国卷I）【解析】考查宾语从句的引导词。close to 后接宾语从句；I live 缺少地点状语。故应用where 引导宾语从句。应将that改为where。,2. The dishes what I cooked were Mo
11、msfavorite. （2016 四川卷）【解析】考查定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知，dishes 后跟的是定语从句，且引导词在从句中作宾语，可省略。what 不能引导定语从句。故应将what改为that或which，或去掉what。,九、主谓一致 主要考查主语和谓语在人称和数上的一致 性。 He would ask who we was . （2016 浙江卷） 【解析】考查主语和谓语在数上的一致性。 由从句中的主语we可知, 应将was改为were。,十、非谓语动词 1. I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes.
12、 (2016全国卷III)【解析】考查动词-ing 形式作介词宾语。by 是介词，其后应用动词-ing 形式。故应将wear 改为wearing。,2. My favorite picture . is of my coach and me enjoy the biscuits . （2015 陕西卷）【解析】考查动词-ing 形式作后置定语的用法。is 是谓语动词；介词of 后是复合宾语。my coach and me 与enjoy 是逻辑上的主谓关系，应用动词-ing形式。故应将enjoy改为enjoying。,十一、固定搭配或固定短语 1. . he never dreams becom
13、ing rich . （2016 全国卷I）【解析】dream of doing sth. 梦想做某事，是固定搭配。故应在becoming前加of。 2. Both Dad or I planned to do something onMothers Day. （2016 四川卷）【解析】both . and . 是固定搭配，表示“和都”，故应将or 改为and。,3. At the first, I thought I knew everything . （2016 全国卷III）【解析】at first 是固定短语，表示“起初”。故应去掉the。,巩固练习,文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最
14、多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（），并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2. 只允许修改10处, 多者(第11处起)不计分。,A I share a bedroom and the desk with my younger sister. She continually distracts me because shes noisy but disorganized. I think shes respectful. Iv
15、e got exams in a fortnight and I desperate need to revise. I cant concentrate when shes studying either and the desk is always overflowing with stuff so I cant find everything. If I try to have a dialogue with my sister, she gets annoying. Maybe I should study at the local library a few day a week.
16、Or maybe I should try messaging her and explain how awful I feel instead talking face to face. Anyway, something has to be done with.,a,and,disrespectful,desperately,too,annoyed,days,of,anything,B My favoritest book is The Kite Runner. It became a bestseller after being printing. It was a number one
17、 New York Times bestseller for over two years, with over seven millions copies sold in the US. A book tells the story of Amir and his closest friend Hassan, that is the son of Ali, Amirs fathers servant. They spend their days kite fight in the peaceful city of Kabul. Hassan is a great runner for Ami
18、r. He knows where the kite will land on without watching it. Amirs father loves both boys, and is often critical of Amir, considers him weak and lacking in courage. Amir finds a kinder fatherly figure in Rahim Khan, who supports his interest writing. Read it when you are free. I am sure it wont disa
19、ppoint you.,favorite,printed,million,The,who,fighting,but,consider -ing,in,C At first I thought my parents were just being polite but helping people out, but then I noticed anything. I noticed the joy on their faces when they saw other people succeeded and feel happy because something they did. For
20、example, my mom chose to be a educational assistant to help children with abilities. And every day when she got home she was always talking about how she helped someone in reading problems or made a program for a specific child to make it easier to teach him. Another example would be my dad always t
21、rying to make teachers work easier with technology. Tried to help brought them a joy I honestly do not know what to describe. Seeing them happy like this always made me to want to be like them.,and,something,succeed,of,an,disabilities,with,Trying,how,D My hero is my dad. If you meet him on the stree
22、t and you may think he is just a ordinary man, but the truth is that he is a real-life super hero. He is a firefighter, whose job is to put out fires. He is the person you call when everything is gone wrong. He puts his life on the line to saving innocent people. And I think it is both the scary thi
23、ng imaginable and the most courageous. He has to go to work sometime he is needed. I often hear him leave quiet when the darkness just begins to lose it color. To me he is the most amazed person in world.,an,going,save,scariest,anytime,quietly,its,the,E When my uncle was a store clerk, he tried to c
24、onvince his boss to have 10-yuan sale to reduce unsold goods. The boss agreed with, and the sale was a complete success, that inspired my uncle to open his own store. However, he needs money for it. So he asked his boss to supply the capital for a part of the profits. His boss turned him down, says
25、“Your idea is too risk.” My uncle went ahead with his bosss backing, and he not only was successful in his first store, but eventually owned a chain of stores cross the nation. Lately on, his former boss said every word he used to turning my uncle down cost him about one million yuan.,a,which,needed,saying,risky,without,across,Later,turn,
