七年级数学上册第三章《有理数的运算》复习课件1(新版)青岛版.ppt

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1、第3章 有理数的运算 复习课,数字诗欣赏,一去二三里, 烟村四五家,亭台六七座, 八九十枝花 。,第一关:加 减 关,有理数加、减法法则,同号两数相加,取_的符号,并把_ 绝对值不相等的异号两数相加,取_的符号,并用 _。互为相反数的两个数相加得_。 一个数同0相加,_。 减去一个数,等于加上_。,与加数相同,绝对值相加,绝对值较大的加数,较大绝对值减去较小绝对值,仍得这个数,0,这个数的相反数,直接写出结果,(1) (-17) + (-15)= (2)(+12)+ (+14)= (3) (+3) + (-5)= (4) -0.3+4.7= (5) (-2)+2=,有理数的加法,0,2,26,

2、32,4.4,计算,(1)( 14) (+16)= (2)(+6) ( 13)= (3)( 7) ( 10)= (4)(+5) (+9)= (5)15 ( 15)= (6)0 13= (7) 16 38=,有理数的减法,30,19,3,4,30,13,54,第二关:乘 除 关,有理数乘、除法法则,两数相乘,同号_,异号_,并把_。任何数同0相乘,都得_。 几个不等于0的数相乘,积的符号由_决定。当 _, 积为负,当 _,积为正。 几个数相乘,有一个因数为0,积就为_. 除以一个数(不等于0),等于_. 两数相除,同号_,异号_,并把_。 0除以任何一个 _的数,都得0 。,得正,得负,绝对值相

3、乘,零,零,负号的个数,负号的个数为奇数,负号的个数为偶数,乘以这个数的倒数,得正,得负,绝对值相除,不等于0,直接写出结果,(1)4(-3)= (2)(-6) 0= (3)(-0.5) (-9)= (4)35(-5)= (5)(-2) (-6)= (6),有理数的乘除法,12,0,4.5,7,16,第三关:乘 方 关,幂的运算法则,正数的任何次幂都是_; 负数的_是负数;负数的_是正数。,正数,偶次幂,奇次幂,直接写出结果,有理数的乘方,9,4,81,(1)32= (2)53 = (3)(-3)4 = (4)(-3)3 = (5) 22 = (6)(7),125,27,=,=,例题,解:原式

4、第四关:混合运算关,有理数混合运算法则,先算_,再算_,最后算_。 如果有括号,就 _。,乘方,乘除,加减,先进行括号里的运算,解: (1)(2)(3)2 = (2)9 = 18(2)3(1)2 = 31 = 3(3)22(2)2 = 44 = 0(4)322 = 92 = 7,计算: (1)(2)(3)2(2)3(1)2 (3)22(2)2 (4)322,请细心完成右边的题目,(1) (2) 222(4)2,(3),当堂检测,1、直接写出答案: 178= ,36= , (3)( )= , 2( )= , (3)3= 。 2、计算下列各题: (1)53( ) (2)329( )2,第五关:近似数关,填一填,与实际情况 的数成为准确数.,与实际情况 的数成为近似数.,一个近似数的可用 表述.,练一练,用四舍五入法,按括号内的要求对下列各数取近似值.,0.225 13(精确到千分位) 52.3(精确到各分位) 3.587 9(精确到0.01) 0.060 57(精确到0.001) 97 530(精确到百位,并用科学记数 法表示),

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