八年级生物上册5.2.2《先天性行为和学习行为》课件(新版)新人教版.ppt

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第二节 先天性行为和学习行为,你养过猫、狗等宠物吗?它们不用你教,就会吃东西、睡觉,但是要想让它们学会到规定地方去大小便,那可就费劲了。你知道这是为什么吗?,learning content,学习内容,区分先天性行为和学习行为,由生活经验和学习获得的行为,2.指定地点去大小便,1.吃饭睡觉,本能,生来就有的行为,先天性行为,后天学习行为,动物生来就有的由动物的遗传物质所决定的,我们把这种行为叫先天性行为。,动物通过环境因素的作用,由生活经验和学习获得的行为,称为后天学习行为。,归纳总结,狼孩2012.灵感来自发现与上世纪20年代印度的两个和野狼一起长大的小女孩,Amala和Kamala的故事。,狼抚养人类孩子的行为属于?,先天性行为,在20世纪早期,送奶工会把玻璃瓶装牛奶送到英国人家门口,瓶口用锡箔盖密封。20世纪20年代时,人们开始注意到锡箔上出现了小洞,它们来自淘气的蓝山雀(Cyanistes caeruleus)。这些鸟儿们学会了用嘴啄开锡箔盖,喝掉牛奶表面那层奶皮。这种行为传播得很快,到了20世纪50年代,似乎英国所有的蓝山雀都学会了这个技能。,后天学习行为,研究一种动物的行为,小鼠属于哺乳动物,学习能力较强,能在短时间内经过训练形成一种新的行为。 设置“迷宫”,在出口处放置食物和水,观察小鼠的表现。,研究动物行为的方法,主要有观察法和实验法,以及这两种方法的结合。,

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