1、第二部分 专项语法 高效突破,专项10 非 谓 语 动 词,高频考点精讲 考点1 动词不定式,1.动词不定式的构成 肯定结构：(to)动词原形 否定结构：not(to)动词原形 2动词不定式的用法,考点2 动名词,1.动名词的构成 动名词一般由“动词原形ing”构成。 2动名词的用法,【注意】 英语中有一些词或短语后面常跟动名词作宾语。我们可按下面的顺口溜记忆： 完成练习值得忙(finish，practice，be worth，be busy)； 继续习惯别放弃(keep on，be used to，give up)； 考虑建议不禁想(consider，suggest，cant help，fe
2、el like)； 喜欢思念要介意(enjoy，miss，mind)。 下列短语中的to为介词，后面应加动名词作宾语。如：make contributions to为做贡献；devote oneself to.致力于；look forward to.期盼；prefer.to.比起更喜欢。 need，require，want后接动名词等于接不定式的被动式。如：The flowers need watering.The flowers need to be watered.这些花需要浇水。,3一些动词后接不定式和动名词的区别,考点3 分词,1.分词的构成 分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词由
3、“动词原形ing”构成；过去分词的基本形式是“动词原形ed”，但也有不规则的形式。现在分词有主动、进行之意；过去分词有被动、完成之意。 2.分词的基本用法,3.现在分词和过去分词的区别 (1)在语态上，现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词表示被动意义。如：a moving film一部感人的电影；the moved people被感动的人们。 (2)在时间上，现在分词表示正在进行的动作、过去分词表示已经完成的动作。如：developing countries发展中国家；developed countries发达国家。 4现在分词作宾补与不定式作宾补的区别 我们常见的动词如see，watch，noti
4、ce，hear等，接不带to的不定式作宾补，表示已经完成了的或经常性的动作；接现在分词作宾补，表示动作正在进行。如：I heard him singing in the classroom.我听到他正在教室里唱歌。(“唱”这个动作正在进行)I heard him sing in the classroom.我听到他在教室里唱歌了。(“唱”这个动作已经结束)I saw him going up the stairs.我看见他正在上楼。(“上楼”这个动作正在进行)I saw him go up the stairs.我看见他上楼了。(“上楼”这个动作已经完成),5易混结构have sb.do st
5、h.，have sb./sth.doing sth.和have sth.done的区别 (1)have sb.do sth.意为“让某人做某事”，have可以用let，make代替。不定式往往表示一次性的具体动作，且强调动作已经完成或尚未发生。如：The soldiers had the boy stand with his back to his father.士兵们让这个男孩背对他的父亲站着。 (2)have sb./sth.doing sth.意为“让某人/物一直做某事”，have可以用keep代替，现在分词(doing)所表示的动作往往具有持续进行的含义。如：The two men h
6、ad their lights burning all night long.那两个男人让灯通宵亮着。 (3)have sth.done意为“让别人做某事”，即ask sb.else to do sth.，过去分词(done)所表示的动作由他人(非主语本身)完成。如：The driver had his car washed once a week.这个司机一周让人洗一次车。,十年真题全练,近几年，滨州中考对非谓语动词，重点考查动词不定式。从命题意图来看，侧重考查学生对动词不定式的理解及运用能力；从命题形式来看，一般有选择填空、完形填空、动词应用。从命题内容来看，主要考查不定式作主语；宾语；宾
7、语补足语和目的状语，同时也涉及到了不定式的固定句型和用法。预计2018年考试中的选择填空题中会出一道考查不定式的题，且动词应用中也会出到，考查不定式的固定句型和表目的的可能性很大。,考点1 动词不定式,12012滨州，32题My pen pal Andrew found it difficult _C_ Chinese well. Alearning Blearn Cto learn Dlearned22013滨州，31题Would you like _B_ camping with me? Id like to. But Im busy _ my homework. Ato go；to do
8、 Bto go；doing Cgoing；to do Dgoing；doing,考点2 动名词,3.2008滨州，32题You arent a stranger，are you? _A_Dont you remember _ the mountain with us last weekend? ANo；climbing BNo；to climb CYes；climbing DYes；to climb42009滨州，30题Its so hot inside. Would you mind _B_ the window? Of course not. Aopen Bopening Cclose D
9、closing52012 滨州，23题We know that she enjoys _C_ books very much. Aread Breads Creading Dto read,42013滨州，27题I know a little about Thailand, as I _D_ there three years ago. Ahave been Bhave gone Cwill go Dwent 52013滨州，33题How time flies! Three years _A_ really a short time. Ais Bare Cwas Dwere 62014滨州，3
10、2题Jim isnt in the classroom. Where is he now? He _C_ the library. Awill go to Bhas been to Chas gone to Dgoes to 72015滨州，33题Look at the sign! It says “No Smoking” Oh, sorry. I _D_ it. Adont see Bhavent seen Cwasnt seen Ddidnt see,猜押预测,1The joke was so funny that it made us _A_ again and again. Alaug
11、h Bto laugh Claughed Claughs2I talked back to my teacher when I was young. I really regret _C_ that silly thing to my teacher. Ado Bto do Cdoing Ddid3Our teacher asked us _D_ on the road after school.Its dangerous. Anot play Bnot plays Cnot played Dnot to play,4Have you finish _C_ the storybook? Yes
12、，I have. Ato read Bread Creading Creads5If you are tired，you can stop _B_ a rest. Ahave Bto have Chaving Dhas6Its important for us to know _A_ all the subjects. Yeah，group work is my favorite. Ahow to study Bwhen to study Cwhich to study Dwhat to study,7We advise parents _B_ their children at home a
13、lone in order to keep them away from danger. Anot leave Bnot to leave Cleave Dto leave8_B_ is the best way to keep a good relationship with your parents, teachers and other people around you. AActive communicating BActively communicating CActively communication DActive communicate9The Monkey King can make 72 changes to his shape and size, _C_ himself into different animals and objects. Aturned Bto turn Cturning Dturn,
