1、1专题 17 点石成金 完形填空之记叙文【2019 考纲解读】完形填空着重考查考生的语篇理解能力，记叙文因其具备完整的故事情节和深刻的教育意义而更能体现考生的这种能力，所以近几年的高考仍然以记叙文这种体裁为选材的重中之重。它主要包括幽默故事、名人传记、事件叙述等。 【题型特点】1记叙文型完形填空可分为记事和记人两种形式，记叙时间、地点、人物和事件等，文章长度在 300词左右，阅读用时约需 18 分钟。2文章首句一般不设空，以情景意义考查为主，淡化对语法的考查，4 个选项词类相同，设空以实词为主，即动词、名词、形容词、副词为主，虚词为辅，即介词、连词，代词为辅，几乎不涉及情态动词与冠词。【方法技
2、巧】近几年记叙文文体完形填空的选文突出了叙述上的灵活性、事件的趣味性和教育性，再加上生词量的增大，及复合句的增多，考生在此题上的失分仍然很严重。因此，如何在读懂原文的情况下减少失误是目前考生面临的重大问题。要做好记叙文文体的完形填空，考生可从以下几个方面入手： 1细读文章首句，推测全文内容 完形填空通常首句是一个完整的句子，它提供的信息是把握全文主旨的关键，是理解全文大意的一扇窗户，所以理解首句信息显得很重要。一般情况下，高考完形填空首句不设空。少数情况下，即使设空，也是在句子末尾，不影响考生对句意的把握。如：2通读全文，理清各个角色 一般来说，记叙文有两个或两个以上的角色，作者对这些角色的态
3、度是不一样的，即便是对做同样一件事的人，作者也不一定采用同样的态度来描述。只有把握好每个人物的特点和内心世界，才能更好地定位文章的中心思想，更准确地选出答案。3理顺事件线索，找准发展方向记叙文一般按事件发展的顺序来叙述(有时用倒叙)，正确把握文章的发展顺序对把握文章的主脉有着重要的意义。因此，在选择答案时要事先理清人物间的关系及各自所做的事情。 4揣摩作者意图，弄清蕴含哲理 记叙文一般通过一件平常事来说明一个人生哲理，或作者的感悟，因此把握好其中的道理，对理解细2节有更为准确的作用。注意不要把自己的观点放到文章中去，一切都以作者或主人公的态度和观点为线索展开。5把握时间线索，做出正确判断 有些
4、记叙文叙述一件事，故事情节随着时间而不断推进。我们可以抓住里面的时间线索，利用情节的变化来巧妙地做出判断。例 1、 【2018全国 II】阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Two weeks earlier. my son . Ben ,had got in touch , hed moved to England with his mum when he was three and it had been 13 years since Id _41_ seen him . So imagine my _42_ when he em
5、ailed me saying he wanted to come to visit me.I was _43_ ! I arrived early at Byron Bay where we were supposed to _44_ . The bay was _45_ in sunshine, and there was a group of kayakers around 150m off the shore. Getting a little _46_ .I realized one kayak（皮划艇）was in _47_ . “Somethings not _48_ !” I
6、took off my T-shirt and _49_ into the water. I saw there were two instructors on board and a man lying across the middle. He was _50_ violently. Linking arms with one of the instructors . I helped _51_ the young man out of the water. He was unconscious and as I looked at his face, something _52_ to
7、me. Those brown eyes were very _53_ . “Whats his name ?” I asked the instructor. “Ben,” he replied, and immediately I _54_ . That stranger was my son!The instructors called for an ambulance._55_ ,after a brief stay in hospital, Ben was well enough to be allowed to _56_ and later the family met up fo
8、r dinner. We chatted about everything and then Ben _57_ to me. “I just want to say thank you,” he said, “You _58_ my life !”I still cant believe what a _59_ it was. Im just so glad I was there _60_ to help my son.41. A. also B. often C. even D. last42. A. delight B. relief C. anger D. worry43. A. sc
9、ared B. shocked C. thrilled D. ashamed44. A. talk B. stay C. meet D. settle45. A. bathed B. clean C. deep D. formed346. A. faster B. closer C. heavier D. wiser47. A. trouble B. advance C. question D. battle48. A. real B. right C. fair D. fit49. A. stared B. sank C. dived D. fell50. A. arguing B. fig
10、hting C. shouting D. shaking51. A. lead B. persuade C. carry D. keep52. A. happenedB. occurred C. applied D. appealed53. A. sharp B. pleasant C. attractive D. familiar54.A. agreed B. hesitated C. doubted D. knew55. A. FortunatelyB. Frankly C. Sadly D. Suddenly56. A. return B. relax C. speak D. leave
11、57. A. joked B. returned C. listened D. pointed58. A. created B. honored C. saved D. guided59. A. coincidenceB. change C. pity D. pain60. A. on boardB. in time C. for sure D. on purpose【答案】41. D 42. A 43. C 44. C 45. A 46. B 47. A 48. B 49. C 50. D 51. C 52. B 53. D 54. D 55. A 56. D 57. B 58. C 59.
12、 A 60. B【解析】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者 13 年后和儿子见面的情景。在和儿子见面的地点，作者救了一个年轻人，没有想到的是，年轻人竟然是自己 13 年未见的儿子。 43. 考查形容词词义辨析。根据第一段可知，作者 13 年没有见到自己的儿子，突然收到儿子要来拜访自己的电子邮件，肯定是欣喜若狂。A. scared 惊恐的；B. shocked 震惊的；C. thrilled 欣喜若狂的；D. ashamed 惭愧的。故选 C 项切题。44. 考查动词词义辨析。根据空前可知，我很早就到了拜伦湾，我们应该在那里见面。A. talk 谈话；B. stay 停留； C. meet 见面；D.
13、settle 解决。故选 C 项切题。45. 考查形容词词义辨析。根据上下文可知，早晨海湾应该是沐浴在阳光里。A. bathed 沐浴；B. clean 清扫；C. deep 深处；D. formed 形成。故选 A 项切题。446. 考查形容词词义辨析。根据常识和下文儿子出现意外情况可知，只有是离的比较近一点，才能意识到一只皮划艇出现意外。A. faster 迅速的；B. closer 靠近，逼近(其他船只等)；C. heavier 重的，沉重的；D. wiser 有智慧的；聪明的。故选 B 项切题。47. 考查名词词义辨析。根据下文儿子出现意外情况可知，一只皮筏艇处于麻烦之中。A. tro
14、uble 麻烦，困难；B. advance 前进，进展；C. question 问题，疑问；D. battle 战斗，战役。故选 A 项切题。50. 考查动词词义辨析。根据上文 a man lying across the middle和下文 He was unconscious 可知，应该是剧烈的颤抖、摇动。A. arguing 争论，辩论；B. fighting 打架；C. shouting 呼喊；D. shaking摇动。故选 D 项切题。51. 考查动词词义辨析。我帮助把年轻人带出水面。A. lead 领导，引导，带领；B. persuade 说服，劝服；C. carry 搬运，装运；
15、D. keep 保持；保存，保留；故选 C 项切题。52. 考查动词词义辨析。根据句意可知，当我看着他的脸时，我想到了一些事情。occur 跟 to 短语时，表示“想到” ，而不是“发生” ，happen 后接不定式，是“碰巧“的意思。故选 B 项切题。53. 考查形容词词义辨析。根据下文， “Whats his name?”可知，他棕色的眼睛对我来说是很熟悉的。A. sharp 锐利的；锋利的；B. pleasant 愉快的，快乐的，舒适的；C. attractive 有吸引力的；引人注目的；D. familiar 亲密的，熟悉的。故选 D 项切题。54. 考查动词词义辨析。根据下文“Tha
16、t stranger was my son”可知，我马上就知道。A. agreed同意，赞成，承认，答应；B. hesitated 犹豫，踌躇；C. doubted 怀疑；疑惑；D. knew 知道，了解。故选 D 项切题。55. 考查副词词义辨析。根据空后句子可知，应该是幸运地。A. Fortunately 幸运地，侥幸地；B. Frankly 率直地，坦白地，真诚地；C. Sadly 悲哀地，悲伤地；D. Suddenly 突然地，忽然地；故选 A 项切题。56. 考查动词词义辨析。根据空前 was well enough 可知，应该是被允许出院。A. return 返回；报答；B. re
17、lax 放松，休息；C. speak 说；D. leave 离开。故选 D 项切题。57. 考查动词词义辨析。根据下文“I just want to say thank you”可知，Ben 转向我向我说谢谢。5A. joked 开玩笑；B. turned 转向；C. listened 听；D. pointed 指出。故选 B 项切题。58. 考查动词词义辨析。根据上文“I helped carry the man out of the water”可知，应该是挽救了我的生命。A. created 创造；创作；B. honored 尊敬；尊重；给与荣誉；C. saved 救，拯救；D. gui
18、ded 指导，指挥；故选 C 项切题。59. 考查名词词义辨析。我没有想到这是多么巧合的一件事呀!A. coincidence 巧合，巧事；B. change 改变，变更，变换；C. pity 怜悯，同情；D. pain 疼痛；痛苦。故选 A 项切题。【变式探究】 【2018全国 III】阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。When most of us get a text message on our cell phone from an unknown person, we usually say sorry, _41_ num
19、ber! and move on. But when Dennis Williams _42_ a text that clearly wasnt intended for him, he did something _43_.On March 19, Dennis got a group text _44_ him that a couple he didnt know were at the hospital, waiting for the _45_ of a baby.Congratulations! But I think someone was mistaken, Dennis _
20、46_. The baby was born and update texts were _47_ quickly from the overjoyed grandmother, Teresa. In her _48_, she didnt seem to realize that she was _49_ the babys photos with a complete stranger. Well, I dont _50_ you all but I will get there to take pictures with the baby, replied Dennis before a
21、sking which room the new _51_ were in. Much to the familys surprise, Dennis stuck to his _52_! He turned up at the hospital _53_ gifts for the new mother Lindsey and her baby boy. Lindseys husband was totally _54_ by the unexpected visit. I dont think we would have randomly invited him over but we _
22、55_ it and the gifts.Teresa _56_ a photo of the chance meeting on a social networking website _57_ by the touching words: What a _58_ this young man was to our family! He was so _59_ and kind to do this. The post has since gained the _60_ of social media users all over the world, receiving more than
23、 184,000 shares and 61,500 likes in just three days.41. A. unlucky B. secret C. new D. wrong642. A. received B. translated C. copied D. printed43. A. reasonable B. special C. necessary D. practical 44. A. convincing B. reminding C. informing D. warning 45. A. wake-up B. recovery C. growth D. arrival
24、46. A. responded B. interrupted C. predicted D. repeated47. A. coming in B. setting out C. passing down D. moving around48. A. opinion B. anxiety C. excitement D. effort49. A. comparing B. exchanging C. discussing D. sharing50. A. accept B. know C. believe D. bother51. A. parents B. doctors C. patie
25、nts D. visitors52. A. dream B. promise C. agenda D. principle53. A. bearing B. collecting C. opening D. making54. A. discouraged B. relaxed C. astonished D. defeated55. A. admit B. need C. appreciate D. expect 56. A. found B. selected C. developed D. posted 57. A. confirmed B. simplified C. clarifie
26、d D. accompanied58. A. pity B. blessing C. relief D. problem59. A. smart B. calm C. sweet D. fair60. A. sympathy B. attention C. control D. trust7【答案】41. D 42. A 43. B 44. C 45. D 46. A 47. A 48. C 49. D 50. B 51. A 52. B 53. A 54. C 55. C 56. D 57. D 58. B 59. C 60. B【解析】本文为记叙文。文章主要讲述了 Dennis Willi
27、ams 认真对待陌生人的信息，使陌生人倍受感动的故事。42. 考查动词。根据文章第一句 When most of us get a text message on our cell phone from an unknown person 可以推知，他接到了电话。A. received 收到；B. translated 翻译；C. copied 复制；D. printed 印刷。故选 A。43. B.考查形容词。根据后文内容可知，他做了与众不同的事情，所以用 special 合适。A. reasonable 合理的；B. special 特别的；C. necessary 必要的；D. prac
28、tical 现实可行的。44. C 考查动词。根据后句 a couple he didnt know were at the hospital, waiting for the _ of a baby.可知，这对陌生夫妇是在告诉他这个消息。A. convincing 让人信服的；B. reminding提醒；C. informing 通知；D. warning 警告。故选 C。45. D 考查名词。根据下文 The baby was born 可知，他们在等候新生儿的到来。A. wake-up 醒来；B. recovery 恢复；C. growth 成长；D. arrival 到来。故选 D。
29、46. A 考查动词。根据前句内容可知，这是 Dennis 的回复。A. responded 回复；B. interrupted 打断；C. predicted 预料；D. repeated 重复。故选 A。 48. C. 考查名词。根据本句 In her 48 , she didnt seem to realize that she was 49 the babys photos with a complete stranger.可知，这位妈妈太兴奋，没有意识到把照片分享给了陌生人。A. opinion 观点；B. anxiety 焦虑；C. excitement 兴奋；D. effort
30、努力。故选 C。49. D. 考查动词。根据后文 I will get there to take pictures with the baby replied Dennis before asking which room the new 51 were in 可知，Dennis 收到了 Teresa 发来的照片，所以是她跟陌生人分享了照片。A. comparing 比较；B. exchanging 交换；C. discussing 讨论；D . sharing 分享。8故选 D。50. B 考查动词。根据前文 Dennis got a group text 44 him that a co
31、uple he didnt know 可知，Dennis 不认识他们。A. accept 接受；B. know 认识，了解；C. believe 相信；D. bother 打扰，麻烦。故选。51. 考查名词。根据前文可以推知，这对夫妇为新父母。A. parents 父母；B. doctors 医生；C. patients 病人；D. visitors 游客。故选 A。52. B 考查名词。根据后文 He turned up at the hospital 53 gifts for the new mother Lindsey and her baby boy.可知，他坚守了 自己对于新妈妈 L
32、indsey 和她的孩子礼物的承诺。A. dream梦想；B. promise 承诺；C. agenda 会议议程；D. principle 原则。故选 B。53. A 考查动词。根据语境可知，他是拿着礼物来的。A. bearing 携带，拿；B. collecting 收集；C. opening 打开；D. making 制造。故选 A。54. C 考查形容词。根据 unexpected 可知，她丈夫是十分惊讶。A. discouraged 沮丧；B. relaxed放松的；C. astonished 吃惊的；D. defeated 打败的。故选 C。55. C 考查动词。根据语境以及后文往
33、网上发帖可知，Teresa 夫妇十分感激 Dennis 的到来以及带来的礼物。A. admit 承认；B. need 需要；C. appreciate 感激；D. expect 期望。故选 C。56. D 考查动词。根据后文 The post has since gained the 60 of social media users all over the world, receiving more than 184,000 shares and 61, 500 likes in just three days.可知，她把照片贴到了网上。A. found 发现；B. selected 选择；
34、C. developed 发展；D. posted 发帖。故选 D。57. D 考查动词。根据语境可知，照片后面附着一段感人的文字。A. confirmed 确定；B. simplified 简化；C. clarified 分类；D. accompanied 伴随着。故选 D。58. B 考查名词。根据语境可推知，这位母亲认为这位年轻的陌生人来看望宝宝是上帝的祝福。A. pity 同情，怜悯；B. blessing 祝福；C. relief 放松，如释重负；D. problem 问题。故选 B。【变式探究】 (2017全国卷)While high school does not general
35、ly encourage students to explore new aspects of life, 9college sets the stage for that exploration.I myself went through this _1. _ process and found something that has changed my _2. _ at college for the better: I discovered ASLAmerican Sign Language(美式手语)I never felt an urge to _3. _ any sign lang
36、uage before.My entire family is hearing, and so are all my friends.The _4. _ languages were enough in all my interactions(交往)Little did I know that I would discover my _5. _ for ASL.The _6. _ began during my first week at college.I watched as the ASL Club _7. _ their translation of a song.Both the h
37、and movements and the very _8. _ of communicating without speaking _9. _ me.What I saw was completely unlike anything I had experienced in the _10._.This newness just left me _11._ more.After that, feeling the need to _12._ further, I decided to drop in on one of ASL clubs meetings.I only learned ho
38、w to _13._ the alphabet that day.Yet instead of being discouraged by my _14._ progress, I was excited.I then made it a point to _15._ those meetings and learn all I could.The following term, I _16._ an ASL class.The professor was deaf and any talking was _17._.I soon realized that the silence was no
39、t unpleasant._18._， if there had been any talking, it would have _19._ us to learn less.Now, I appreciate the silence and the _20._ way of communication it opens.1.Asearching BplanningCnatural Dformal答案：A 解析：根据上文中“While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life
40、”的关键词“explore”及下文的内容可知，此处指作者在大学通过学习美式手语经历了探索(searching)的过程。planning“计划制订” ；natural“自然的” ；formal“正式的” 。2.Aprogress Bexperience Cmajor Dopinion答案：B 解析：根据下文的内容可知，作者发现了把自己的大学经历(experience)变得更美好的东西。progress“进步” ；major“专业” ；opinion“意见，想法，看法” 。3.Achoose Bread Clearn Dcreate答案：C 解析：以前，作者从没感觉到(自己)有学习(learn)任
41、何手语的强烈欲望。choose“选择” ；10create“创造” 。4.Aofficial Bforeign Cbody Dspoken5.Alove Bconcern Cgoal Drequest答案：A 解析：根据上下文语境可知，作者不知道自己会喜爱(love)美式手语。concern“关心，担心，忧虑” ；goal“目标” ；request“要求” 。6.Ameeting Btrip Cstory Dtask答案：C 解析：这个故事(story)始于作者上大学的第一周。meeting“会议” ；trip“旅行” ；task“任务” 。7Arecorded Bperformed Crec
42、ited Ddiscussed答案：B 解析：根据句中的关键词“watched”可知，此处指作者看到美式手语社团的成员表演(performed)。record“记录，录音” ；recite“背诵” ；discuss“讨论” 。8.Aidea Bamount Cdream Dreason答案：A 解析：手部动作和无需用语言交流的想法(idea)吸引了作者。amount“数额，数量” ；dream“梦想” ；reason“原因，理由” 。9.Adisturbed BsupportedCembarrassed Dattracted答案：D 解析：参见上题解析。attract“吸引，引起的注意” ，符
43、合语境。disturb“打扰，打搅”；support“支持” ；embarrass“使尴尬，使难堪” 。10. Aend Bpast Ccourse Ddistance答案：B 解析：根据上下文语境可知，作者看到的完全不像自己过去(past)所经历过的任何事情。11end“结尾” ；course“过程，课程” ；distance“距离” 。11. Ashowing Bacting Csaying Dwanting答案：D 解析：这种新事物使作者想要(接触)更多。show“展示” ；act“表演，扮演” ；want“想要” 。12.Aexercise Bexplore Cexpress Dexp
44、lain13.Aprint Bwrite Csign Dcount答案：C 解析：根据语境可知，作者那天只是学会了如何用手语来表示全部字母。print“打印，印刷”；write“写” ；sign“打手语” ；count“数数” 。14.Aslow Bsteady Cnormal Dobvious答案：A 解析：根据上文的“I only learned how to the alphabet that day”可知，作者并没有对自己缓慢的(slow)进步感到沮丧。 steady“稳步的” ；normal“正常的” ；obvious“明显的” 。15.Achair Bsponsor Cattend
45、 Dorganize答案：C 解析：根据语境，尤其是上文的“made it a point to”和下文的“and learn all I could”可知，作者努力做到参加(attend)这些会议。chair“主持(会议、讨论等)” ；sponsor“赞助，举办” ；organize“组织” 。16.Amissed BpassedCgave up Dregistered for答案：D 解析：根据下文的内容可知，作者注册参加了一个美式手语课程。miss“想念，错过” ；pass“通过” ；give up“放弃” ；register for“注册，选课” 。17.Aprohibited Bwe
46、lcomed Cignored Drepeated1218. ALastly BThus CInstead DHowever答案：C 解析：根据上下文的语境可知，作者很快意识到无声并非不愉快的，反而(Instead)，如果有任何谈话的话，会导致(caused)作者他们学习得更少。Lastly“最后，终于” ；Thus“因此” ；However“然而” 。 19.Arequired Bcaused Callowed Dexpected答案：B 解析：参见上题解析。require“要求” ；allow“允许” ；expect“期望” 。20.Aeasy Bpopular Cquick Dnew答案
47、：D 解析：根据语境可知，作者现在非常喜欢这种无声以及它打开的新的(new)沟通方式。easy“容易的” ；popular“受欢迎的” ；quick“快速的” 。【变式探究】 (2017全国卷)In 1973, I was teaching elementary school.Each day, 27 kids _1._“The Thinking Laboratory.” That was the _2._ students voted for after deciding that “Room 104” was too _3._.Freddy was an average _4._， but not an average person.He had the rare balance of fun and compassion(同情)He would _5._ the loudest over fun and be the saddest over anyones _6._.Before the school year _7._， I gave the kids a special _8._， Tshirts with the words “Verbs Are Your _9._
