1、 IEC 60076-16 Edition 1.0 2011-08 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD NORME INTERNATIONALE Power transformers Part 16: Transformers for wind turbine applications Transformateurs de puissance Partie 16: Transformateurs pour applications oliennes IEC 60076-16:2011 colour inside THIS PUBLICATION IS COPYRIGHT PROTEC
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16、.ch Tl.: +41 22 919 02 11 Fax: +41 22 919 03 00 IEC 60076-16 Edition 1.0 2011-08 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD NORME INTERNATIONALE Power transformers Part 16: Transformers for wind turbine applications Transformateurs de puissance Partie 16: Transformateurs pour applications oliennes INTERNATIONAL ELECTRO
17、TECHNICAL COMMISSION COMMISSION ELECTROTECHNIQUE INTERNATIONALE W ICS 29.180 PRICE CODE CODE PRIX ISBN 978-2-88912-670-5 Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission Marque dpose de la Commission Electrotechnique Internationale colour inside 2 60076-16 IEC:2011 CONTENTS FORE
18、WORD . 4 INTRODUCTION . 6 1 Scope . 7 2 Normative references . 7 3 Terms and definitions . 8 4 Service conditions 8 4.1 Normal service conditions . 8 4.2 Altitude 8 4.3 Temperature of cooling air . 8 4.4 Content of harmonic currents in the transformer 9 4.5 Wave-shape of supply voltage . 9 4.6 Trans
19、ient over and under voltages 9 4.7 Humidity and salinity . 10 4.8 Special electrical and environmental conditions around the transformer 10 4.9 Level of vibration . 11 4.10 Provision for unusual service conditions for transformers for wind turbine applications . 11 4.11 Transportation and storage co
20、nditions . 11 4.12 Corrosion protection 11 5 Electrical characteristics . 11 5.1 Rated power 11 5.2 Highest voltage for equipment . 11 5.3 Tappings . 12 5.4 Connection group 12 5.5 Dimensioning of neutral terminal . 12 5.6 Short circuit impedance . 12 5.7 Insulation levels for high voltage and low v
21、oltage windings 12 5.8 Temperature rise guaranteed at rated conditions . 12 5.9 Overload capability 13 5.10 Inrush current 13 5.11 Ability to withstand short circuit . 13 5.12 Operation with forced cooling 13 6 Rating plate 13 7 Tests 13 7.1 List and classification of tests (routine, type and specia
22、l tests) 13 7.2 Routine tests . 13 7.3 Type tests . 14 7.4 Special tests . 14 7.4.1 General . 14 7.4.2 Chopped wave test 14 7.4.3 Electrical resonance frequency test . 14 7.4.4 Climatic tests . 14 7.4.5 Environmental test E3 . 14 7.4.6 Fire behavior test 15 Annex A (informative) Calculation method a
23、nd tables 16 Bibliography 36 60076-16 IEC:2011 3 Figure A.1 Heat dissipation in a natural ventilated room . 17 Figure A.2 Schematic diagram of power frequency current injection apparatus . 30 Figure A.3 Switched transformer winding voltage responses with capacitor injection . 31 Figure A.4 HV Inject
24、ion test figure . 32 Figure A.5 Example of measurement device 33 Table 1 Insulation levels 10 Table A.1 Impact of harmonics content on liquid-immersed transformer losses . 23 Table A.2 Impact of harmonics content on dry type transformers losses 26 Table A.3 Example of voltage harmonic order 29 4 600
25、76-16 IEC:2011 INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION _ POWER TRANSFORMERS Part 16: Transformers for wind turbine applications FOREWORD 1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising all national electrotechnical committees (IEC N
26、ational Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports, Pu
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35、the referenced publications is indispensable for the correct application of this publication. 9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent right
36、s. International Standard IEC 60076-16 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 14: Power transformers. The text of this standard is based on the following documents: FDIS Report on voting 14/690/FDIS 14/698/RVD Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the
37、 report on voting indicated in the above table. This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. 60076-16 IEC:2011 5 A list of all parts of the IEC 60076 series can be found, under the general title Power transformers, on the IEC website. The committee has decided
38、 that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under “http:/webstore.iec.ch“ in the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be reconfirmed, withdrawn, replaced by a revised edition, or amended.
39、IMPORTANT The colour inside logo on the cover page of this publication indicates that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct understanding of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a colour printer. 6 60076-16 IEC:2011 INTRODUCTION This part of
40、IEC 60076 is intended to specify the additional requirements for the transformers for installation in wind turbine applications. Wind turbines use generator step-up transformers to connect the turbines to a network. These transformers can be installed in the nacelle or in the tower or outside close
41、to the wind turbine. This standard covers transformers for wind turbine applications or wind farms where the constraints on transformers exceed the requirement of the present IEC 60076 series. The constraints are not often known or recognized by the transformer manufacturers, wind turbine manufactur
42、ers and operators and as a result the level of reliability of these transformers can be lower than those used for conventional applications. The transformers for wind turbine applications are not included in the present list of IEC 60076 standard series. The purpose of this standard is help to obtai
43、n the same level of reliability as transformers for more common applications. This standard deals particularly with the effects of repeated high frequency transient over- voltages, electrical, environmental, thermal, loading, installation and maintenance conditions that are specific for wind turbine
44、s or wind farms. On site measurements, investigations and observations in wind turbines have detected risks for some different kind of installations: repeated high frequency transient over or under voltages in the range of kHz; over and under frequency due to turbine control; values of over voltage;
45、 over voltage or under voltage coming from LV side; high level of transient over voltages due to switching; presence of partial discharge around the transformer; harmonic contents current and voltage; overloading under ambient conditions; fast transient overload; clearances not in compliance with th
46、e minimum prescribed; installation conditions and connections; restricted conditions of cooling; water droplets; humidity levels that exceed the maximum permissible values; salt and dust pollution and extreme climatic conditions; high levels of vibration; mechanical stresses. Therefore it is necessa
47、ry to take into account in the design of the transformer the constraints of this application, or to define some protective devices to protect the transformer. Additional or improved routine, type or special tests for these transformers have to be specified to be in compliance with the constraints on
48、 the network. 60076-16 IEC:2011 7 POWER TRANSFORMERS Part 16: Transformers for wind turbine applications 1 Scope This part of IEC 60076 applies to dry-type and liquid-immersed transformers for rated power 100 kVA up to 10 000 kVA for wind turbine applications having a winding with highest voltage fo
49、r equipment up to and including 36 kV and at least one winding operating at a voltage greater than 1,1 kV. Transformers covered by this standard comply with the relevant requirements prescribed in the IEC 60076 standards. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited ap
