1、 IEC 60076-2 Edition 3.0 2011-02 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD NORME INTERNATIONALE Power transformers Part 2: Temperature rise for liquid-immersed transformers Transformateurs de puissance Partie 2: Echauffement des transformateurs immergs dans le liquide IEC60076-2:2011 colourinsideTHIS PUBLICATION IS CO
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16、 Email: csciec.ch Tl.: +41 22 919 02 11 Fax: +41 22 919 03 00 IEC 60076-2 Edition 3.0 2011-02 INTERNATIONAL STANDARD NORME INTERNATIONALE Power transformers Part 2: Temperature rise for liquid-immersed transformers Transformateurs de puissance Partie 2: Echauffement des transformateurs immergs dans
17、le liquide INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION COMMISSION ELECTROTECHNIQUE INTERNATIONALE X ICS 29.180 PRICE CODE CODE PRIX ISBN 978-2-88912-346-9 Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission Marque dpose de la Commission Electrotechnique Internationale colourinside 2
18、60076-2 IEC:2011 CONTENTS FOREWORD . 4 1 Scope . 6 2 Normative references . 6 3 Terms and definitions . 6 4 Cooling methods 8 4.1 Identification symbols 8 4.2 Transformers with alternative cooling methods 9 5 Normal cooling conditions. 9 5.1 Air-cooled transformers . 9 5.2 Water-cooled transformers
19、10 6 Temperature rise limits . 10 6.1 General . 10 6.2 Temperature rise limits at rated power 10 6.3 Modified requirements for special cooling conditions . 12 6.3.1 General . 12 6.3.2 Air-cooled transformers . 12 6.3.3 Water-cooled transformers 13 6.4 Temperature rise during a specified load cycle 1
20、3 7 Temperature rise tests 13 7.1 General . 13 7.2 Temperature of the cooling media . 13 7.2.1 Ambient temperature . 13 7.2.2 Water temperature . 14 7.3 Test methods for temperature rise determination . 14 7.3.1 General . 14 7.3.2 Test by short-circuit method for two winding transformers 14 7.3.3 Te
21、st modification for particular transformers 15 7.4 Determination of liquid temperatures . 16 7.4.1 Top-liquid temperature 16 7.4.2 Bottom and average liquid temperatures 17 7.5 Determination of top, average and bottom liquid temperature rises 18 7.6 Determination of average winding temperature 18 7.
22、7 Determination of winding resistance at the instant of shutdown . 19 7.8 Determination of average winding temperature rise at the instant of shutdown . 19 7.9 Determination of the average winding to liquid temperature gradient . 19 7.10 Determination of the hot-spot winding temperature rise . 20 7.
23、10.1 General . 20 7.10.2 Determination by calculation 20 7.10.3 Direct measurement during the temperature rise test . 20 7.11 Uncertainties affecting the results of the temperature rise test. 21 7.12 Dissolved gas-in-oil analysis . 21 7.13 Corrections 21 Annex A (informative) Hot-spot winding temper
24、ature rise determination for OFAF and OFWF cooled transformers based on the top-liquid temperature in tank 23 Annex B (informative) Methods to estimate the hot-spot winding temperature rises 25 60076-2 IEC:2011 3 Annex C (informative) Techniques used in temperature rise testing of liquid-immersed tr
25、ansformers . 30 Annex D (informative) Dissolved gases analysis for the detection of local overheating . 39 Annex E (informative) Application of optical fibre sensors for winding hot-spot measurements 43 Bibliography 47 Figure B.1 Temperature rise distribution model for ON cooling methods 26 Figure B
26、.2 Value of factor Q as a function of rated power and strand height (W) . 27 Figure B.3 Typical liquid flow paths in a disk winding with diverting washers 28 Figure C.1 Recommended circuit for transformers with a low resistance winding using two separate direct current sources, one for each winding
27、. 32 Figure C.2 Alternative recommended circuit using only one direct current source for both windings 32 Figure C.3 Average winding temperature variation after shutdown . 33 Figure C.4 Extrapolation of the cooling down curve, using the fitting curve ( )w0wt/TBektAt+= 38 Figure E.1 Optical fibre sen
28、sor application for a disk winding of core type transformer . 45 Figure E.2 Optical fibre sensor application for a transposed cable of core type transformer . 45 Figure E.3 Modality of optical fibre sensor application in the winding spacer of core type transformer . 46 Figure E.4 Optical fibre senso
29、r application for high voltage winding of shell type transformer . 46 Table 1 Temperature rise limits 11 Table 2 Recommended values of temperature rise corrections in case of special service conditions . 12 Table 3 Exponents for the corrections of temperature rise test results . 22 Table A.1 Hot-spo
30、t winding temperature rises for some specific transformers determined from conventional heat run test data combined with calculated hot-spot winding temperature rise, and from direct fibre-optic measurements . 24 Table C.1 Example of cooling down curve calculation spreadsheet 37 Table D.1 Minimum de
31、tectable value SDof gases in oil 40 Table D.2 Admissible limits for gas rate increases . 41 Table E.1 Minimum recommended number of sensors for three-phase transformers 43 Table E.2 Minimum recommended number of sensors for single-phase transformers . 43 4 60076-2 IEC:2011 INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHN
32、ICAL COMMISSION _ POWER TRANSFORMERS Part 2: Temperature rise for liquid-immersed transformers FOREWORD 1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of
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42、pensable for the correct application of this publication. 9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. International Standard IEC 60076-
43、2 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 14: Power transformers. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 1993. It is a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: a) the standard is
44、applicable only to liquid immersed transformers; b) the winding hot-spot temperature rise limit was introduced among the prescriptions; c) the modalities for the temperature rise test were improved in relation to the new thermal requirements; d) five informative annexes were added in order to facili
45、tate the standard application. 60076-2 IEC:2011 5 The text of this standard is based on the following documents: FDIS Report on voting 14/669/FDIS 14/676/RVD Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on voting indicated in the above table. This publi
46、cation has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. A list of all parts of the IEC 60076 series can be found, under the general title Power transformers, on the IEC website. The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until the stabili
47、ty date indicated on the IEC web site under “http:/webstore.iec.ch“ in the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be reconfirmed, withdrawn, replaced by a revised edition, or amended. IMPORTANT The colour inside logo on the cover page of this publication indicat
48、es that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct understanding of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a colour printer. 6 60076-2 IEC:2011 POWER TRANSFORMERS Part 2: Temperature rise for liquid-immersed transformers 1 Scope This part of IEC 600
49、76 applies to liquid-immersed transformers, identifies power transformers according to their cooling methods, defines temperature rise limits and gives the methods for temperature rise tests. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edit
