1、 IEC/TR 62544 Edition 1.0 2011-08 TECHNICAL REPORT High-voltage direct current (HVDC) systems Application of active filters IEC/TR 62544:2011(E) THIS PUBLICATION IS COPYRIGHT PROTECTED Copyright 2011 IEC, Geneva, Switzerland All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publicatio
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10、 direct current (HVDC) systems Application of active filters INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION X ICS 29.240.99 PRICE CODE ISBN 978-2-88912-627-9 Registered trademark of the International Electrotechnical Commission 2 TR 62544 IEC:2011(E) CONTENTS FOREWORD . 5 1 Scope . 7 2 Normative referenc
11、es 7 3 Terms and definitions . 7 3.1 Active and passive filters . 8 3.2 Active filter topologies 8 shunt active filter . 8 3.3 Power semiconductor terms . 9 3.4 Converter topologies 9 4 Active filters in HVDC applications 9 4.1 General . 9 4.2 Semiconductor devices available for active filters . 11
12、5 Active d.c. filters . 11 5.1 Harmonic disturbances on the d.c. side 11 5.2 Description of active d.c. filters 12 5.2.1 General . 12 5.2.2 Types of converters available . 12 5.2.3 Connections of the active d.c. filter 13 5.2.4 Characteristics of installed active d.c. filters . 15 5.3 Main component
13、s in an d.c. active filter 16 5.3.1 General . 16 5.3.2 Passive part . 16 5.3.3 Current transducer . 18 5.3.4 Control system . 18 5.3.5 Amplifier 19 5.3.6 Transformer . 19 5.3.7 Protection circuit and arrester 19 5.3.8 Bypass switch and disconnectors . 19 5.4 Active d.c. filter control 19 5.4.1 Gener
14、al . 19 5.4.2 Active d.c. filter control methods 20 5.5 Example Performance of the Skagerrak 3 HVDC Intertie active d.c. filter . 23 5.6 Conclusions on active d.c. filters 24 6 Active a.c. filters in HVDC applications 25 6.1 General . 25 6.2 Harmonic disturbances on the a.c. side of a HVDC system .
15、25 6.3 Passive filters 26 6.3.1 Conventional passive filters 26 6.3.2 Continuously tuned passive filters 26 6.4 Reasons for using active filters in HVDC systems 27 6.5 Operation principles of active filters . 28 6.5.1 Shunt connected active filter 28 6.5.2 Series connected active filter . 29 6.6 Par
16、allel and series configuration 29 6.6.1 General . 29 6.6.2 Hybrid filter schemes . 29 6.7 Converter configurations 30 TR 62544 IEC:2011(E) 3 6.7.1 Converters . 30 6.8 Active a.c. filter configurations . 32 6.8.1 Active a.c. filters for low voltage application . 32 6.8.2 Active a.c. filters for mediu
17、m voltage application 33 6.8.3 Active a.c. filters for HVDC applications . 33 6.9 Series connected active filters . 34 6.10 Control system 34 6.10.1 General . 34 6.10.2 Description of a generic active power filter controller 35 6.10.3 Calculation of reference current . 36 6.10.4 Synchronous referenc
18、e frame (SRF) 37 6.10.5 Other control approaches . 37 6.10.6 HVDC a.c. active filter control approach . 38 6.11 Existing active a.c. filter applications 38 6.11.1 Low and medium voltage 38 6.11.2 High voltage applications . 38 6.12 Overview on filter solutions for HVDC systems . 39 6.12.1 Solution w
19、ith conventional passive filters 39 6.12.2 Solution with continuously tuned passive filters 40 6.12.3 Solution with active filters . 40 6.12.4 Solution with continuously tuned passive filters and active filters 41 6.12.5 Study cases with the CIGR HVDC model 41 6.13 ACfilters for HVDC installations u
20、sing VSC 43 6.14 Conclusions on active a.c. filters 43 Bibliography 45 Figure 1 Shunt connection 8 Figure 2 Series connection . 8 Figure 3 Conceptual diagram of allowable interference level and d.c. filter cost . 10 Figure 4 Simple current source converter . 13 Figure 5 Simple voltage sourced conver
21、ter . 13 Figure 6 Possible connections of active d.c. filters 14 Figure 7 Filter components in the active filter 17 Figure 8 Impedance characteristics of different passive filters . 17 Figure 9 Basic control loop of an active d.c. filter 21 Figure 10 Measured transfer function of external system, Ba
22、ltic Cable HVDC link 22 Figure 11 Feedforward control for the active d.c. filter . 22 Figure 12 Measured line current spectra, pole 3 operated as monopole 24 Figure 13 Continuously tuned filter . 26 Figure 14 Example of current waves . 28 Figure 15 Series and parallel connection 29 Figure 16 Hybrid
23、configuration 30 Figure 17 Three phase current-source converter . 31 Figure 18 Three phase 2 level voltage-sourced converter (three-wire type) . 31 Figure 19 Three phase 3 level voltage-sourced converter (three-wire type) . 32 Figure 20 Single-phase voltage sourced converter 32 4 TR 62544 IEC:2011(E
24、) Figure 21 Active filter connected to the HV system through a single-tuned passive filter 33 Figure 22 Active filter connected to the HV system through a double-tuned passive filter 34 Figure 23 Using an LC circuit to divert the fundamental current component 34 Figure 24 Per-phase schematic diagram
25、 of active filter and controller . 35 Figure 25 Block diagram of IRPT 36 Figure 26 Block diagram of SRF . 38 Figure 27 Plots from site measurements . 39 Figure 28 Filter configuration and a.c. system harmonic impedance data . 42 Table 1 The psophometric weighting factor at selected frequencies 12 Ta
26、ble 2 Voltage to be supplied by the active part with different selections of passive parts . 18 Table 3 Major harmonic line currents, pole 3 operated as monopole 24 Table 4 Preferred topologies for common LV and MV applications 30 Table 5 Performance Requirements . 41 Table 6 Parameters of filters a
27、t a.c. substation A (375 kV) 42 Table 7 Parameters of filters at a.c. substation B (230 kV) 43 Table 8 Performance results of filters . 43 TR 62544 IEC:2011(E) 5 INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION _ HIGH-VOLTAGE DIRECT CURRENT (HVDC) SYSTEMS APPLICATION OF ACTIVE FILTERS FOREWORD 1) The Inter
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39、hnical report when it has collected data of a different kind from that which is normally published as an International Standard, for example “state of the art“. This Technical Report cancels and replaces IEC/PAS 62544 published in 2011. This first edition constitutes a technical revision. IEC/TR 625
40、44, which is a technical report, has been prepared by subcommittee 22F: Power electronics for electrical transmission and distribution systems, of IEC technical committee 22: Power electronics. The text of this technical report is based on the following documents: Enquiry draft Report on voting 22F/
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42、he contents of this publication will remain unchanged until the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under “http:/webstore.iec.ch“ in the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be reconfirmed, withdrawn, replaced by a revised edition, or amended. A bilin
43、gual version of this publication may be issued at a later date. TR 62544 IEC:2011(E) 7 HIGH-VOLTAGE DIRECT CURRENT (HVDC) SYSTEMS APPLICATION OF ACTIVE FILTERS 1 Scope This technical report gives general guidance on the subject of active filters for use in high- voltage direct current (HVDC) power t
44、ransmission. It describes systems where active devices are used primarily to achieve a reduction in harmonics in the d.c. or a.c. systems. This excludes the use of automatically retuned components. The various types of circuit that can be used for active filters are described in the report, along wi
45、th their principal operational characteristics and typical applications. The overall aim is to provide guidance for purchasers to assist with the task of specifying active filters as part of HVDC converters. Passive filters are specifically excluded from this report. 2 Normative references The follo
46、wing referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. IEC/TS 60071-5, Insulation co-ordination Part 5: Procedure
47、s for high-voltage direct current (HVDC) converter stations IEC 60633, Terminology for high-voltage direct-current (HVDC) transmission IEC 61000 ( all parts), Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) IEC 61975, High-voltage direct current (HVDC) installations System tests IEC/TR 62001:2009, High-voltage
48、direct current (HVDC) systems Guidebook to the specification and design evaluation of A.C. filters IEC/TR 62543, High-voltage direct current (HVDC) power transmission using voltage sourced converters (VSC) IEEE 519, IEEE Recommended Practices and Requirements for Harmonic Control in Electrical Power
49、 Systems 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this technical report, the terms and definitions given in IEC 60633 and IEC 62001:2009 for passive a.c. filters, as well as the following apply. NOTE Only terms which are specific to active filters for HVDC are defined in this clause. Those terms that are either identical to or obvious extensions of IEC 60633 or IEC 62001:2009 terminology have not been defined.
