1、IEEE Recommended Practice for Installation, Application, Operation, and Maintenance of Dry-Type Distribution and Power Transformers Sponsored by the Transformers Committee IEEE 3 Park Avenue New York, NY 10016-5997 USA IEEE Power and Energy Society IEEE Std C57.94-2015 (Revision ofIEEE Std C57.94-19
2、82) IEEE Std C57.94-2015 (Revison of IEEE Std C57.94-1982) IEEE Recommended Practice for Installation, Application, Operation, and Maintenance of Dry-Type Distribution and Power Transformers Sponsor Transformers Committee of the IEEE Power and Energy Society Approved 5 December 2015 IEEE-SA Standard
3、s Board Abstract: Recommendations for operation and maintenance of dry-type distribution and power transformers are provided. Keywords: application, distribution transformers, dry-type, IEEE C57.94, installation, maintenance, operation power transformer, testing The Institute of Electrical and Elect
4、ronics Engineers, Inc. 3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997, USA Copyright 2016 by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. All rights reserved. Published 26 February 2016. Printed in the United States of America. IEEE is a registered trademark in the U.S. Patent fitness for a p
5、articular purpose; non-infringement; and quality, accuracy, effectiveness, currency, or completeness of material. In addition, IEEE disclaims any and all conditions relating to: results; and workmanlike effort. IEEE standards documents are supplied “AS IS” and “WITH ALL FAULTS.” Use of an IEEE stand
6、ard is wholly voluntary. The existence of an IEEE standard does not imply that there are no other ways to produce, test, measure, purchase, market, or provide other goods and services related to the scope of the IEEE standard. Furthermore, the viewpoint expressed at the time a standard is approved a
7、nd issued is subject to change brought about through developments in the state of the art and comments received from users of the standard. In publishing and making its standards available, IEEE is not suggesting or rendering professional or other services for, or on behalf of, any person or entity
8、nor is IEEE undertaking to perform any duty owed by any other person or entity to another. Any person utilizing any IEEE Standards document, should rely upon his or her own independent judgment in the exercise of reasonable care in any given circumstances or, as appropriate, seek the advice of a com
9、petent professional in determining the appropriateness of a given IEEE standard. IN NO EVENT SHALL IEEE BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO: PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROF
10、ITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE PUBLICATION, USE OF, OR RELIANCE UPON ANY STANDARD, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE AND REG
11、ARDLESS OF WHETHER SUCH DAMAGE WAS FORESEEABLE. Translations The IEEE consensus development process involves the review of documents in English only. In the event that an IEEE standard is translated, only the English version published by IEEE should be considered the approved IEEE standard. Official
12、 statements A statement, written or oral, that is not processed in accordance with the IEEE-SA Standards Board Operations Manual shall not be considered or inferred to be the official position of IEEE or any of its committees and shall not be considered to be, or be relied upon as, a formal position
13、 of IEEE. At lectures, symposia, seminars, or educational courses, an individual presenting information on IEEE standards shall make it clear that his or her views should be considered the personal views of that individual rather than the formal position of IEEE. Comments on standards Comments for r
14、evision of IEEE Standards documents are welcome from any interested party, regardless of membership affiliation with IEEE. However, IEEE does not provide consulting information or advice pertaining to IEEE Standards documents. Suggestions for changes in documents should be in the form of a proposed
15、change of text, together with appropriate supporting comments. Since IEEE standards represent a consensus of concerned interests, it is important that any responses to comments and questions also receive the concurrence of a balance of interests. For this reason, IEEE and the members of its societie
16、s and Standards Coordinating Committees are not able to provide an instant response to comments or questions except in those cases where the matter has previously been addressed. For the same reason, IEEE does not respond to interpretation requests. Any person who would like to participate in revisi
17、ons to an IEEE standard is welcome to join the relevant IEEE working group. Comments on standards should be submitted to the following address: Secretary, IEEE-SA Standards Board 445 Hoes Lane Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA Laws and regulations Users of IEEE Standards documents should consult all applicab
18、le laws and regulations. Compliance with the provisions of any IEEE Standards document does not imply compliance to any applicable regulatory requirements. Implementers of the standard are responsible for observing or referring to the applicable regulatory requirements. IEEE does not, by the publica
19、tion of its standards, intend to urge action that is not in compliance with applicable laws, and these documents may not be construed as doing so Copyrights IEEE draft and approved standards are copyrighted by IEEE under U.S. and international copyright laws. They are made available by IEEE and are
20、adopted for a wide variety of both public and private uses. These include both use, by reference, in laws and regulations, and use in private self-regulation, standardization, and the promotion of engineering practices and methods. By making these documents available for use and adoption by public a
21、uthorities and private users, IEEE does not waive any rights in copyright to the documents. Photocopies Subject to payment of the appropriate fee, IEEE will grant users a limited, non-exclusive license to photocopy portions of any individual standard for company or organizational internal use or ind
22、ividual, non-commercial use only. To arrange for payment of licensing fees, please contact Copyright Clearance Center, Customer Service, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923 USA; +1 978 750 8400. Permission to photocopy portions of any individual standard for educational classroom use can also be o
23、btained through the Copyright Clearance Center. Updating of IEEE Standards documents Users of IEEE Standards documents should be aware that these documents may be superseded at any time by the issuance of new editions or may be amended from time to time through the issuance of amendments, corrigenda
24、, or errata. An official IEEE document at any point in time consists of the current edition of the document together with any amendments, corrigenda, or errata then in effect. Every IEEE standard is subjected to review at least every ten years. When a document is more than ten years old and has not
25、undergone a revision process, it is reasonable to conclude that its contents, although still of some value, do not wholly reflect the present state of the art. Users are cautioned to check to determine that they have the latest edition of any IEEE standard. In order to determine whether a given docu
26、ment is the current edition and whether it has been amended through the issuance of amendments, corrigenda, or errata, visit the IEEE-SA Website at http:/ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/standards.jsp or contact IEEE at the address listed previously. For more information about the IEEE SA or IEEEs standards
27、development process, visit the IEEE-SA Website at http:/standards.ieee.org. Errata Errata, if any, for all IEEE standards can be accessed on the IEEE-SA Website at the following URL: http:/standards.ieee.org/findstds/errata/index.html. Users are encouraged to check this URL for errata periodically.
28、Patents Attention is called to the possibility that implementation of this standard may require use of subject matter covered by patent rights. By publication of this standard, no position is taken by the IEEE with respect to the existence or validity of any patent rights in connection therewith. If
29、 a patent holder or patent applicant has filed a statement of assurance via an Accepted Letter of Assurance, then the statement is listed on the IEEE-SA Website at http:/standards.ieee.org/about/sasb/patcom/patents.html. Letters of Assurance may indicate whether the Submitter is willing or unwilling
30、 to grant licenses under patent rights without compensation or under reasonable rates, with reasonable terms and conditions that are demonstrably free of any unfair discrimination to applicants desiring to obtain such licenses. Essential Patent Claims may exist for which a Letter of Assurance has no
31、t been received. The IEEE is not responsible for identifying Essential Patent Claims for which a license may be required, for conducting inquiries into the legal validity or scope of Patents Claims, or determining whether any licensing terms or conditions provided in connection with submission of a
32、Letter of Assurance, if any, or in any licensing agreements are reasonable or non-discriminatory. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, is entirely their own responsibility. Further informati
33、on may be obtained from the IEEE Standards Association Copyright 2016 IEEE. All rights reserved. vi Participants At the time this IEEE recommended practice was completed, the C57.94 Working Group had the following membership: David S. Stankes, Chair Sanjib Som, Vice Chair Robert Ballard Carl Bush Au
34、rthur Davies II Derek Foster Juan Gutierrez Timothy Holdway Charles Johnson Sheldon Kennedy Richard Marek Rogelio Martinez Jerry Murphy Martin Navarro Dhiru Patel Anil Sawant Kerwin Stretch Vijay Tendulkar Albert Walls Roger C. WicksThe following members of the individual balloting committee voted o
35、n this recommended practice. Balloters may have voted for approval, disapproval, or abstention. William Ackerman Samuel Aguirre I. Antweiler Roy Ayers Robert Ballard Steven Bezner Thomas Bishop Thomas Blackburn Carl Bush William Bush William Byrd Thomas Callsen Paul Cardinal Arvind Chaudhary John Cr
36、ouse Glenn Davis Wayne Dilling Dieter Dohnal Gary Donner Donald Dunn Michael Faulkenberry Jorge Fernandez Daher Joseph Foldi Marcel Fortin Derek Foster David Gilmer Edwin Goodwin James Graham Randall Groves Ajit Gwal Timothy Holdway John Houdek Richard Jackson John John Charles Johnson Laszlo Kadar
37、Yuri Khersonsky Gary King Joseph L. Koepfinger Axel Kraemer Jim Kulchisky Saumen Kundu Chung-Yiu Lam Richard Marek Charles Morgan Daniel Mulkey Jerry Murphy Ali Naderian Jahromi K. R. M. Nair Dennis Neitzel Arthur Neubauer Michael Newman Raymond Nicholas Lorraine Padden Dhiru Patel Wesley Patterson
38、Paulette Payne Powell Branimir Petosic Alvaro Portillo Lewis Powell Mohamed Rahman Thomas Rozek Bartien Sayogo Nikunj Shah Jeremy Smith Jerry Smith Sanjib Som David S. Stankes Kerwin Stretch David Tepen Wayne Timm Marcelo Valdes John Vergis Albert Walls Kenneth White Jian Yu Peter Zhao Copyright 201
39、6 IEEE. All rights reserved. vii When the IEEE-SA Standards Board approved this recommended practice on 5 December 2015, it had the following membership: John D. Kulick, Chair Jon Walter Rosdahl, Vice Chair Richard H. Hulett, Past Chair Konstantinos Karachalios, Secretary Masayuki Ariyoshi Ted Burse
40、 Stephen Dukes Jean-Philippe Faure J. Travis Griffith Gary Hoffman Michael Janezic Joseph L. Koepfinger* David J. Law Hung Ling Andrew Myles T. W. Olsen Glenn Parsons Ronald C. Petersen Annette D. Reilly Stephen J. Shellhammer Adrian P. Stephens Yatin Trivedi Phillip Winston Don Wright Yu Yuan Daidi
41、 Zhong *Member Emeritus Copyright 2016 IEEE. All rights reserved. viii Introduction This introduction is not part of IEEE Std C57.94-2015, IEEE Recommended Practice for Installation, Application, Operation, and Maintenance of Dry-Type Distribution and Power Transformers. This recommended practice is
42、 a revision of IEEE Std C57.94-1982, IEEE Recommended Practice for Installation, Application, Operation, and Maintenance of Dry-Type General Purpose Distribution and Power Transformers. The changes in this revision reflect current advancements in technologies including updates to recommended and optional pre-service and periodic test lists.
