1、Copyright 1990 byThe Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.345 East 47th Street, New York, NY 10017-2394, USANo part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the priorwritten permission of the publisher.ANSI N42.17B-1
2、989(R2005)American National Standard Performance Specifications for Health Physics Instrumentation-Occupational Airborne Radioactivity Monitoring InstrumentationSponsorNational Committee on Radiation Instrumentation, N42Accredited by the American National Standards InstituteSecretariatThe Institute
3、of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.Reaffirmed January 4, 2005American National Standards InstituteAbstract: ANSI N42.17B-1989, American National Standard Performance Specifications forHealth Physics Instrumentation-Occupational Airborne Radioactivity Monitoring Instrumentation,describes th
4、e minimum acceptable performance criteria for instrumentation used to monitor occu-pational exposure to airborne radioactive materials. Included in the standard are testing methodsto establish the acceptability of each air monitor. Tests involve air sampling capability; power, elec-tronic, and alarm
5、 capabilities; radiation and interfering responses; and environmental factors includ-ing temperature, humidity, and ambient pressure.American National StandardAn American National Standard implies a consensus of those substantially concerned with its scope and provisions.An American National Standar
6、d is intended as a guide to aid the manufacturer, the consumer, and the general public.The existence of an American National Standard does not in any respect preclude anyone, whether he has approved thestandard or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or proce
7、dures notconforming to the standard. American National Standards are subject to periodic review and users are cautioned toobtain the latest editions.CAUTION NOTICE:This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. The procedures ofthe American National Standards Institute requ
8、ire that action be taken to reafrm, revise, or withdraw this standard nolater than ve years from the date of publication. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive currentinformation on all standards by calling or writing the American National Standards Institute.iiiForeword(This Forewor
9、d is not a part of ANSI N42.17B-1989, American National Standard Performance Specication for Health PhysicsInstrumentationOccupational Airborne Radioactivity Monitoring Instrumentation.)This standard is the responsibility of the Accredited Standards Committee N42 on Radiation Instrumentation.Committ
10、ee N42 delegated the development of the standard to its Subcommittee N42.1. Drafts were reviewed byCommittee N42, Subcommittee N42.1, and other interested parties, and the comments received were utilized inproducing the standard as nally approved and discussed. Performance criteria contained in this
11、 standard were testedfor applicability under the sponsorship of the US Department of Energy and the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission.The standard was approved by Committee N42 letter ballot of February 6, 1989.At the time it approved this standard, the Accredited Standards Committee on Radiation Ins
12、trumentation, N42, had thefollowing members:Louis Costrell, Chair Sue Vogel, Administrative SecretaryAmerican Conference of Governmental Industrial HygienistsJesse LiebermanBattelle Pacic Northwest Laboratories.Jack M. SelbyHealth Physics Society. J. B. Horner KuperJack M. Selby (Alt)Institute of El
13、ectrical and Electronics Engineers .Louis CostrellDavid C. Cook (Alt)Julian Forster (Alt)Anthony J. Spurgin (Alt)Lawrence Berkeley LaboratoryLee J. WagnerLawrence Livermore National Laboratory Paul L. PhelpsNuclear Suppliers Association .Kenneth F. SinclairOak Ridge National Laboratory.Hugh R. Brash
14、earUCLA Center for the Health Sciences.James E. McLaughlinUS Department of the Army Edward GroeberUS Department of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology Louis CostrellUS Department of Energy. Gerald GoldsteinUS Federal Emergency Management Agency Carl R. SiebentrittUS Nuclear Regu
15、latory Commission Edward C. Wenzinger, Sr.Members-at-LargeJoseph G. BellianDavid C. CookErnesto A. CorteJohn M. GallagherDick A. MackEdward J. VallarioSanford WagnerAt the time this standard was approved, Subcommittee N42.1 had the following members:Jack M. Selby, Chair J. G. BellianEdmond GoodaleJ.
16、 D. HendersonR. L. KathrenWilliam KleinH. W. PattersonC. R. SiebentrittE. J. VallarioivThe working group for this standard had the following members:J. M. Selby, Chair J. L. Kenoyer, Vice Chair B. V. Anderson*J. G. BellianM. V. Federline J. A. FlaniganD. M. FlemingJ. A. Jones*J. N. LittleR. B. NeelG
17、. J. OliverR. D. TerryR. P. UlmanC. K. BrownA. L. CucchiaraL. M. EarlsJ. G. FlahertyR. L. KathrenK. L. Swinth* DeceasedReplaced by another NRC representative ConsultantThe following persons were on the balloting committee that approved this document for submission to the AccreditedStandards Committe
18、e N42:J. G. BellianH. R. BrashearD. C. CookL. CostrellJ. ForsterJ. M. GallagherG. GoldsteinE. GroeberJ. B. Horner KuperJ. LiebermanD. A. MackJ. E. McLaughlinJ. M. SelbyC. R. SiebentrittK. F. SinclairA. J. SpurginE. J. VallarioL. J. WagnerE. C. Wenzinger, Sr.vCLAUSE PAGE1. Scope.11.1 Introduction 11.
19、2 References 22. Definitions.33. General Test Procedures .53.1 Applicability of Tests. 53.2 Standard Test Conditions . 53.3 Statistical Fluctuations . 64. General Criteria.84.1 Classification of Ambient Radioactivity Monitors 84.2 Sampler Design 94.3 Units of Readout 114.4 Markings 114.5 Alarm Thres
20、hold 124.6 Protection of Switches and Controls 124.7 Power . 124.8 Battery Status Indication 144.9 Alteration and Modification. 145. Electronic Criteria .145.1 Alarms 145.2 Stability 155.3 Response Time. 165.4 Coefficient of Variation . 165.5 Line Noise Susceptibility . 176. Radiation Response.186.1
21、 Minimum Detectable Activity . 186.2 Accuracy 186.3 Beta-Photon Radiation Overload . 196.4 Radiation Type and Energy 196.5 Response to Unwanted Radiations. 207. Interfering Responses217.1 Radio Frequency (RF) Fields. 217.2 Microwave Fields. 217.3 Electrostatic Fields. 227.4 Magnetic Fields 228. Envi
22、ronmental Criteria238.1 Temperature . 238.2 Humidity 23viCLAUSE PAGE8.3 Ambient Pressure . 249. Air Circuit Criteria 249.1 Flow or Flowrate Meter Accuracy . 249.2 Air In-Leakage . 249.3 Flowrate Stability. 259.4 Filter Pressure Drop . 259.5 Power-Supply Voltage Effect on Flowrate 259.6 Power Supply
23、Frequency Effect on Flowrate 269.7 Particle Collection 269.8 Gas Collection 2710. Documentation 2810.1 Type-Test Report . 2810.2 Certificate. 2810.3 Operation and Maintenance Manual 2811. Bibliography28Annex A (Informative)29Copyright 1990 IEEE All Rights Reserved1American National Standard Performa
24、nce Specications for Health Physics InstrumentationOccupational Airborne Radioactivity Monitoring Instrumentation1. ScopeThis standard species performance criteria and testing procedures for instruments and instrument systems designedto continuously sample and quantify concentrations of radioactivit
25、y in ambient air in the workplace. This standarddoes not specify which instruments or systems are required, nor does it address the specic locations or applicationsof such instruments.1.1 IntroductionThe objective of this standard is to provide basic performance criteria for instruments and instrume
26、nt systems used tocontinuously sample and measure airborne radioactivity concentrations, i.e., continuous air monitors (CAMs). Thestandard includes performance testing criteria for use in generic (type) tests of new instrument models. This standarddoes not apply to routine or acceptance tests. Howev
27、er, selected tests as agreed between the manufacturer and thepurchaser would be applicable for performing routine or acceptance tests.Included in this standard are both gaseous and particulate gross radioactivity monitors, as well as monitors for specicradionuclides or groups of radionuclides used f
28、or radiation protection purposes. Instruments designed to divide theairborne radioactivity into two or more specic components or fractions and monitor each independently are included.An example of the latter is an instrument that independently monitors airborne particulate radioactivity, radioiodine
29、s,and beta-emitting isotopes of the noble gases. Such instruments are called activity fractioning monitors for thepurposes of this standard.Excluded from this standard are monitors used for other purposes, including efuent and process monitors andemergency postaccident monitors, and the class of spe
30、cial-purpose radiation protection instruments designed tomeasure working-level rather than activity concentration. Tritium and radon monitors are also excluded from thisstandard. Area monitors that are used to characterize ambient radiation levels are not included in this standard;however, area moni
31、tors that are used as part of the background circuitry for an air monitor shall be tested for that2Copyright 1990 IEEE All Rights ReservedANSI N42.17B-1989 PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATIONS FOR HEALTH PHYSICS INSTRUMENTATIONpurpose. Instruments excluded from this standard may fall under the scope of one or
32、 more related ANSI standards,including ANSI N42.18-1980 (R1985) 6,1N323-1978 (R1983) 8, and N317-1980 (R1985) 7; this standard isintended to supplement rather than replace these.This standard species criteria and test procedures for the following areas: general, electronic, radiation, interferingres
33、ponse, environmental, and air circuit criteria. Throughout this standard, three verbs have been used to indicate thedegree of rigor intended for each specic criterion. The word shallis used to denote a requirement, the word shouldtodenote a recommendation, and the word mayto denote a permissible pra
34、ctice.Requirements and testing criteria to be used for the evaluation of portable radiation protection instruments undernormal environmental conditions are covered in ANSI N42.17A-1989 4. Requirements and testing criteria related tothe evaluation of portable radiation protection instrumentation unde
35、r extreme environmental conditions are covered inANSI N42.17C-1989 5.1.2 ReferencesThe following publications shall be used in conjunction with this standard. When standards in this document arereferred to, the latest revision shall apply.1 ANSI C18.1-1986, Specications for Dry Cells and Batteries.2
36、2 ANSI N13.1-1969 (R1982), Guide to Sampling Airborne Radioactive Materials in Nuclear Facilities. 3 ANSI N13.4-1971 (R1983), Specication of Portable X- or Gamma-Radiation Survey Instruments. 4 ANSI N42.17A-1989, Performance Specications for Health Physics InstrumentationPortable Instrumentationfor
37、Use in Normal Environmental Conditions. 5 ANSI N42.17C-1989, Performance Specications for Health Physics InstrumentationPortable Instrumentationfor Use in Extreme Environmental Conditions. 6 ANSI N42.18-1980 (R1985), Specication and Performance of On-Site Instrumentation for ContinuouslyMonitoring R
38、adioactivity in Efuent. 7 ANSI N317-1980 (R1985), Performance Criteria for Instrumentation Used for In-plant Plutonium Monitoring. 8 ANSI N323-1978 (R1983), Radiation Protection Instrumentation Test and Calibration. 9 ANSI Y1.1-1972 (R1984), Abbreviations for Use on Drawings and in Text. 10 ANSI/IEE
39、E C62.41-1980, Guide for Surge Voltages in Low-Voltage AC Power Circuits.311 BRODSKY, A. Accuracy and Detection Limits for Bioassay Measurements in Radiation Protection. NUREG-1156, US Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washington, D.C., 1986.412 IEC Publication 278: 1968, Documentation to be Supplied W
40、ith Electronic Measuring Apparatus.51The numbers in brackets correspond to those of the references in 1.2.2ANSI publications are available from the Sales Department, American National Standards Institute, 1430 Broadway, New York, NY 10018.3ANSI/IEEE publications are available from the Institute of E
41、lectrical and Electronics Engineers, Service Center, 445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ08855-1331, or from the Sales Department, American National Standards Institute, 1430 Broadway, New York, NY 10018.4NUREG publications are available from the Superintendent of Documents, US Government Printing Office,
42、P.O. Box 37082, Washington, D.C.,20013-7082.5IEC publications are available from the Sales Department, American National Standards Institute, 1430 Broadway, New York, NY 10018.Copyright 1990 IEEE All Rights Reserved3OCCUPATIONAL AIRBORNE RADIOACTIVITY MONITORING INSTRUMENTATION ANSI N42.17B-198913 K
43、ATHREN, R. L. Standard Sources for Health Physics Instrument Calibration. Health Physics, vol. 29, 1975, pp.143153.2. DefinitionsFor the purpose of this document, the following denitions apply:acceptable source: Source of radiation listed in the appropriate reference source table in this standard.ac
44、ceptance testing: Evaluation or measurement of performance characteristics to verify that certain statedspecications and contractual requirements are met.accuracy: The degree of agreement of the observed value with the conventionally true value of the quantity beingmeasured.activity fractioning moni
45、tor (AFM): An instrument that separates airborne radioactivity into two or more specicfractions and monitors each fraction.adjust: To alter the response by means of a variable, built-in control such as a potentiometer.aerosol: Suspension of solid or liquid particles in a gas.airborne radioactivity:
46、Radioactivity in any chemical or physical form that is dissolved, mixed, suspended, orotherwise entrained in air.alarm: An audible or visual signal or both activated when the instrument reading or response exceeds a preset valueor falls outside of a preset range.ambient air: The general air in the a
47、rea of interest (e.g., the general room atmosphere) distinct from a specic streamor volume of air that may have different properties.calibrate: To adjust or determine or both: (1) the response or reading of an instrument relative to a series ofconventionally true values; or (2) the strength of a rad
48、iation source relative to a standard or conventionally true value.coefcient of variation: The standard deviation, expressed as a percentage of the mean i.e., (standard deviation/x)(100).continuous air monitor (CAM): An instrument used to continuously sample and measure airborne radioactivityconcentr
49、ations.conventionally true value of a quantity: The commonly accepted best estimate of the value of that quantity. This andits associated uncertainty will normally be determined by a national or transfer standard, or by a reference instrumentthat has been calibrated against a national or transfer standard, or by measurement quality assurance (MQA) with anational laboratory or qualied secondary laboratory.decade: A range of values for which the upper limit is a power of ten above the lower limit.detection l
