ACI 544 1R-1996 Report on Fiber Reinforced Concrete《纤维钢筋混凝土报告》.pdf
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1、544.1R-1ACI 544.1R-96 became effective November 18, 1996. This report supersedes ACI544.1R-82(86).Copyright 1997, American Concrete Institute.All rights reserved including rights of reproduction and use in any form or by anymeans, including the making of copies by any photo process, or by electronic
2、 ormechanical device, printed, written, or oral, or recording for sound or visual reproduc-tion or for use in any knowledge or retrieval system or device, unless permission inwriting is obtained from the copyright proprietors.ACI Committee Reports, Guides, and Commentaries areintended for guidance i
3、n planning, designing, executing, andinspecting construction. This document is intended for the useof individuals who are competent to evaluate the significanceand limitations of its content and recommendations and whowill accept responsibility for the application of the material itcontains. The Ame
4、rican Concrete Institute disclaims any andall responsibility for the stated principles. The Institute shallnot be liable for any loss or damage arising therefrom.Reference to this document shall not be made in contractdocuments. If items found in this document are desired by theArchitect/Engineer to
5、 be a part of the contract documents, theyshall be restated in mandatory language for incorporation bythe Architect/Engineer.The report prepared by ACI Committee 544 on Fiber Reinforced Concrete(FRC) is a comprehensive review of all types of FRC. It includes fundamentalprinciples of FRC, a glossary
6、of terms, a description of fiber types, manufac-turing methods, mix proportioning and mixing methods, installation prac-tices, physical properties, durability, design considerations, applications,and research needs. The report is broken into five chapters: Introduction,Steel FRC, Glass FRC, Syntheti
7、c FRC, and Natural FRC.Fiber reinforced concrete (FRC) is concrete made primarily of hydrauliccements, aggregates, and discrete reinforcing fibers. Fibers suitable for rein-forcing concrete have been produced from steel, glass, and organic polymers(synthetic fibers). Naturally occurring asbestos fib
8、ers and vegetable fibers,such as sisal and jute, are also used for reinforcement. The concrete matricesmay be mortars, normally proportioned mixes, or mixes specifically formu-lated for a particular application. Generally, the length and diameter of thefibers used for FRC do not exceed 3 in. (76 mm)
9、 and 0.04 in. (1 mm), respec-tively. The report is written so that the reader may gain an overview of theproperty enhancements of FRC and the applications for each general cate-gory of fiber type (steel, glass, synthetic, and natural fibers).Brittle materials are considered to have no significant po
10、st-crackingductility. Fibrous composites have been and are being developed to provideimproved mechanical properties to otherwise brittle materials. Whensubjected to tension, these unreinforced brittle matrices initially deform elas-tically. The elastic response is followed by microcracking, localize
11、d macroc-racking, and finally fracture. Introduction of fibers into the concrete results inpost-elastic property changes that range from subtle to substantial,depending upon a number of factors, including matrix strength, fiber type,fiber modulus, fiber aspect ratio, fiber strength, fiber surface bo
12、nding char-Report on Fiber Reinforced ConcreteReported by ACI Committee 544James I. Daniel*ChairmanVellore S. GopalaratnamSecretaryMelvyn A. GalinatMembership SecretaryShuaib H. Ahmad George C. Hoff Morris SchupackM. Arockiasamy Roop L. Jindal Surendra P. ShahP. N. Balaguru*Colin D. Johnston George
13、D. SmithHiram P. Ball, Jr. Mark A. Leppert Philip A. SmithNemkumar Banthia Clifford N. MacDonald Parvis SoroushianGordon B. Batson Pritpal S. Mangat James D. SpeakmanM. Ziad Bayasi Henry N. Marsh, Jr.David J. StevensMarvin E. Criswell Nicholas C. Mitchell R. N. SwamyDaniel P. Dorfmueller Henry J. Mo
14、lloyPeter C. TatnallMarsha Feldstein D. R. Morgan Ben L. TilsenAntonio V. Fernandez A. E. Naaman George J. VentaSidney Freedman Antonio Nanni Gary L. VondranDavid M. Gale Seth L. Pearlman*Methi WecharatanaAntonio J. Guerra*Max L. Porter Spencer T. WuLloyd E. Hackman V. Ramakrishnan Robert C. Zellers
15、C. Geoffrey Hampson Ken Rear Ronald F. ZolloM. Nadim Hassoun D. V. ReddyCarol D. Hays Ernest K. Schrader*Cochairmen, State-of-the-Art Subcommittee; responsible for preparing Chapter 1 and coordinating the entire report.Chairman, Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete Subcommittee; responsible for preparing
16、 Chapter 2.Chairman, Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete Subcommittee; responsible for perparing Chapter 3.Chairman, Synthetic Fiber Reinforced Concrete Subcommittee; responsible for preparing Chapter 4.*Cochairmen, Natural Fiber Reinforced Concrete Subcommittee; responsible for preparing Chapter 5.Chai
17、rman, Editorial Subcommittee; responsible for reviewing and final editing the entire report.Previous Chairman of Committee 544; responsible for overseeing the development of the majority of this State-of-the-Art Report.Previous Chairman of Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete Subcommittee; responsible fo
18、r overseeing the development of much of Chapter 3.ACI 544.1R-96(Reapproved 2009)544.1R-2 ACI COMMITTEE REPORTacteristics, fiber content, fiber orientation, and aggregate size effects. Formany practical applications, the matrix first-crack strength is not increased.In these cases, the most significan
19、t enhancement from the fibers is the post-cracking composite response. This is most commonly evaluated andcontrolled through toughness testing (such as measurement of the area underthe load-deformation curve).If properly engineered, one of the greatest benefits to be gained by using fiberreinforceme
20、nt is improved long-term serviceability of the structure orproduct. Serviceability is the ability of the specific structure or part to main-tain its strength and integrity and to provide its designed function over itsintended service life.One aspect of serviceability that can be enhanced by the use
21、of fibers iscontrol of cracking. Fibers can prevent the occurrence of large crack widthsthat are either unsightly or permit water and contaminants to enter, causingcorrosion of reinforcing steel or potential deterioration of concrete 1.1. Inaddition to crack control and serviceability benefits, use
22、of fibers at highvolume percentages (5 to 10 percent or higher with special production tech-niques) can substantially increase the matrix tensile strength 1.1.CONTENTSChapter 1Introduction, pp. 544.1R-21.1Historical aspects1.2Fiber reinforced versus conventionally-reinforcedconcrete1.3Discussion of
23、fiber types1.4Production aspects1.5Developing technologies1.6Applications1.7Glossary1.8Recommended references1.9Cited referencesChapter 2Steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC), pp. 544.1R-72.1Introduction2.2Physical properties2.3Preparation technologies2.4Theoretical modeling2.5Design considerations
24、2.6Applications2.7Research needs2.8Cited referencesChapter 3Glass fiber reinforced concrete (GFRC), pp. 544.1R-233.1Introduction3.2Fabrication of GFRC material3.3Properties of GFRC3.4Long-term performance of GFRC3.5Freeze-thaw durability3.6Design procedures3.7Applications of GFRC3.8GFRC panel manufa
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