1、 IEEE Guide for the Application of Turbine Governing Systems for Hydroelectric Generating Units Sponsored by the Energy Development +1 978 750 8400. Permission to photocopy portions of any individual standard for educational classroom use can also be obtained through the Copyright Clearance Center.
2、iv Copyright 2011 IEEE. All rights reserved. Introduction This introduction is not part of IEEE Std 1207-2011, IEEE Guide for the Application of Turbine Governing Systems for Hydroelectric Generating Units. This document is a guide for the application of turbine governing systems for hydroelectric g
3、enerating units. The Hydroelectric Power Subcommittee of the IEEE Energy Development and Power Generation Committee began to look into forming a working group to draft an application guide for hydroelectric units at the 1987 Winter Power Meeting. Subsequently, a project authorization request (PAR) w
4、as issued, and work began on the guide. At the same time progress was being made on the guide, governing technology was changing rapidly from mechanical to analog electronic to digital electronic controllers. Also, during this time period, new guides produced by working groups of the Hydroelectric P
5、ower Subcommittee addressed some portions of the original scope of this guide. Therefore, in 1998, the PAR for this Governor Application Working Group was revised, and the working groups efforts were focused on producing a guide that acted as a companion document to IEEE Std 125-1988. The final form
6、at of this guide contains four major clauses, which are directly related to the subject matter addressed in IEEE Std 125-1988. Clause 4 discusses the functions and characteristics of the turbine governing system and of the equipment related to the design of the turbine governing system. Clause 5 is
7、somewhat tutorial in nature and discusses the major elements of the turbine governing system from a control theory perspective. Clause 6 provides some application insights to specifying a turbine governing system. Clause 7 provides a discussion of the issues related to the stability of the turbine g
8、overning system. Numerous bibliographic citations related to the subject matter are also provided, and examples are included to illustrate many of the systems and concepts discussed. More specialized information dealing with the impact of turbine characteristics, system modeling and tuning, and perf
9、ormance auditing is presented within the informative annexes of this guide. This guide is designed to be a reference document for practicing engineers in the hydroelectric industry. It is intended to offer application insight for applying turbine governing systems for hydroelectric units. IEEE Std 1
10、25-1988 offers guidance for what elements of a turbine governing system need to be specified, and this guide offers experience-based guidance on the impact of these specifications on system performance. Members of the Governor Application Working Group represent a cross-section of the hydroelectric
11、industry, including power plant owners, plant designers, equipment manufacturers, engineering consultants, and academic personnel. The members of this working group wish to dedicate this guide to the memory of Bernard “Bud” Crittenden. Bud worked in the area of governing system design for 45 years.
12、His numerous contributions to the industry involve many of the issues addressed by this guide. Perhaps Buds greatest contribution to the industry was his mentoring of a number of young engineers entering the field of governing system design and application. This guide can be viewed as a continuation
13、 of Buds work. Notice to users Laws and regulations Users of these documents should consult all applicable laws and regulations. Compliance with the provisions of this standard does not imply compliance to any applicable regulatory requirements. Implementers of the standard are responsible for obser
14、ving or referring to the applicable regulatory requirements. IEEE does not, by the publication of its standards, intend to urge action that is not in compliance with applicable laws, and these documents may not be construed as doing so. v Copyright 2011 IEEE. All rights reserved. Copyrights This doc
15、ument is copyrighted by the IEEE. It is made available for a wide variety of both public and private uses. These include both use, by reference, in laws and regulations, and use in private self-regulation, standardization, and the promotion of engineering practices and methods. By making this docume
16、nt available for use and adoption by public authorities and private users, the IEEE does not waive any rights in copyright to this document. Updating of IEEE documents Users of IEEE standards should be aware that these documents may be superseded at any time by the issuance of new editions or may be
17、 amended from time to time through the issuance of amendments, corrigenda, or errata. An official IEEE document at any point in time consists of the current edition of the document together with any amendments, corrigenda, or errata then in effect. In order to determine whether a given document is t
18、he current edition and whether it has been amended through the issuance of amendments, corrigenda, or errata, visit the IEEE Standards Association web site at http:/ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/standards.jsp, or contact the IEEE at the address listed previously. For more information about the IEEE Standa
19、rds Association or the IEEE standards development process, visit the IEEE-SA web site at http:/standards.ieee.org. Errata Errata, if any, for this and all other standards can be accessed at the following URL: http:/standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/updates/errata/index.html. Users are encouraged to ch
20、eck this URL for errata periodically. Interpretations Current interpretations can be accessed at the following URL: http:/standards.ieee.org/reading/ieee/interp/ index.html. Patents Attention is called to the possibility that implementation of this guide may require use of subject matter covered by
21、patent rights. By publication of this guide, no position is taken with respect to the existence or validity of any patent rights in connection therewith. The IEEE is not responsible for identifying Essential Patent Claims for which a license may be required, for conducting inquiries into the legal v
22、alidity or scope of Patents Claims or determining whether any licensing terms or conditions provided in connection with submission of a Letter of Assurance, if any, or in any licensing agreements are reasonable or non-discriminatory. Users of this guide are expressly advised that determination of th
23、e validity of any patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, is entirely their own responsibility. Further information may be obtained from the IEEE Standards Association. vi Copyright 2011 IEEE. All rights reserved. Participants At the time this guide was submitted to the IEEE-SA S
24、tandards Board for approval, the Governor Application Working Group had the following membership: David L. Kornegay, Chair James H. Gurney, Vice Chair J. C. Agee David Apps Randall C. Groves Jonathan Hodges Paul Micale Hans Naeff Larry D. Nettleton Laurence N. Rodland Patrick P. Ryan Douglas B. Seel
25、y Louis Wozniak John B. Yale The following members of the individual balloting committee voted on this guide. Balloters may have voted for approval, disapproval, or abstention. William J. Ackerman Steven Brockschink Derek Brown Gustavo Brunello Matthew Davis Gary Donner Gary Engmann Rostyslaw Fostia
26、k Ron Greenthaler Randall Groves James Gurney John Harauz Werner Hoelzl Innocent Kamwa David Kornegay Chung-Yiu Lam Lawrence Long O. Malik William McBride Michael S. Newman Lorraine Padden Shawn Patterson Bartien Sayogo Suresh Shrimavle Gil Shultz Gary Stoedter Wayne Timm John Vergis James Wilson Jo
27、hn Yale When the IEEE-SA Standards Board approved this guide on 16 May 2011, it had the following membership: Richard H. Hulett, Chair John Kulick, Vice Chair Robert M. Grow, Past President Judith Gorman, Secretary Masayuki Ariyoshi William Bartley Ted Burse Clint Chaplin Wael Diab Jean-Philippe Fau
28、re Alexander Gelman Paul Houz Jim Hughes Joseph Koepfinger* David J. Law Thomas Lee Hung Ling Oleg Logvinov Ted Olsen Gary Robinson Jon Walter Rosdahl Sam Sciacca Mike Seavey Curtis Siller Phil Winston Howard Wolfman Don Wright *Member Emeritus Also included are the following nonvoting IEEE-SA Stand
29、ards Board liaisons: Satish Aggarwal, NRC Representative Richard DeBlasio, DOE Representative Michael Janezic, NIST Representative Don Messina IEEE Standards Program Manager, Document Development Erin Spiewak IEEE Standards Program Manager, Technical Program Development vii Copyright 2011 IEEE. All
30、rights reserved. Contents 1. Overview 1 1.1 Scope . 1 1.2 Purpose 1 2. Normative references 1 3. Definitions 2 4. Functions and characteristics 3 4.1 Servomotor position feedback . 3 4.2 Servomotor position 4 4.3 Servomotor time 4 4.3.1 Maximum transient overspeed . 4 4.3.2 Maximum water passage pre
31、ssure . 4 4.3.3 Minimum water passage pressure 5 4.4 Cushioning time . 5 4.5 Permanent speed droop and speed regulation 5 4.5.1 Permanent speed droop 5 4.5.2 Speed regulation . 9 4.6 Governor speed deadband .11 4.7 Blade control deadband 11 4.8 Governor deadtime .11 4.9 Stability .11 4.10 Rated spee
32、d .11 4.11 Overspeed .12 4.12 Underspeed .12 4.13 Maximum momentary speed variation .12 4.14 Runaway speed .12 4.15 Rated operating head 12 4.16 Steady-state governing speed band .12 4.17 Steady-state governing load band .13 4.18 Speed 13 4.19 Speed reference .13 4.20 Speed deviation .13 4.21 Power
33、output .13 4.22 Rated power output .13 4.23 Maximum power output .14 4.24 Governor controller 14 4.24.1 Temporary droop governor controller .14 4.24.2 PID governor controller 15 4.24.3 Double-derivative governor controller 16 4.24.4 Feedforward controller 17 4.24.5 State space controller 18 4.24.6 I
34、mpulse turbine controller .18 4.25 Stabilizing adjustments .20 4.25.1 Temporary droop 20 4.25.2 Time constant of the damping device .20 4.25.3 Integral gain 20 4.25.4 Proportional gain .20 4.25.5 Derivative gain 21 4.25.6 Permanent speed droop .21 4.26 Water inertia time .21 4.27 Mechanical inertia
35、time 22 viii Copyright 2011 IEEE. All rights reserved. 4.28 Impact upon stability 23 4.29 Automatic generation control .23 4.30 Efficiency optimization 23 5. Elements of the turbine governing system .24 5.1 Setpoint controller 24 5.1.1 Error computation and processing 25 5.1.2 Feedback .26 5.1.3 Fee
36、dforward 26 5.2 Actuator 27 5.2.1 Mechanical actuators.28 5.2.2 Mechanical hydraulic actuators.28 5.2.3 Electromechanical actuators28 5.2.4 Electrohydraulic actuators .29 5.2.5 Hydraulic control valve design .29 5.2.6 Electronic load actuators .30 5.3 Controlled process 30 5.3.1 Turbine 31 5.3.2 Gen
37、erator 31 5.3.3 Water passage .31 5.4 Shutdown control 32 5.5 System examples 32 5.6 System modifications .32 6. Equipment specifications .33 6.1 Cooperation of manufacturers 33 6.2 Governor equipment .33 6.2.1 Governor construction.33 6.2.2 Special considerations affecting electrohydraulic governor
38、s 34 6.2.3 Governor actuator rating .36 6.3 Components or auxiliary devices 37 6.3.1 Speed changer .37 6.3.2 Servomotor limit .37 6.3.3 Permanent speed droop changer37 6.3.4 Speed regulation changer 37 6.3.5 Servomotor velocity adjustment .38 6.3.6 Restoring connection.38 6.3.7 Speed sensor source 3
39、9 6.3.8 Manual control 40 6.3.9 Servomotor position indicator .41 6.3.10 Automatic shutdown .41 6.3.11 Emergency stop pushbutton 41 6.3.12 Generator air braking system 41 6.3.13 Air brake pressure gauge .41 6.3.14 Speed indicators 41 6.3.15 Adjustable-blade turbine control .41 6.3.16 Pump turbine co
40、ntrol .43 6.3.17 Hydraulic pressure supply system .43 6.3.18 Nameplate .51 6.3.19 Switches 51 6.3.20 Automatic servomotor lock control.53 6.3.21 Remote control 54 6.3.22 Remote indication .54 6.3.23 Automatic control .55 6.3.24 Electrical control power 55 6.3.25 Auxiliary components for pump turbine
41、s 55 ix Copyright 2011 IEEE. All rights reserved. 6.3.26 Rotor creep detector 55 6.3.27 Fire protection system .55 6.3.28 Alarms .55 6.3.29 Spare parts and accessories .56 6.4 Types of turbine governing system installations 56 6.4.1 New installations .56 6.4.2 Replacements 56 6.4.3 Conversions.57 7.
42、 Performance specifications 57 7.1 Stability .57 7.1.1 Sustained condition .58 7.1.2 Load rejection .59 7.1.3 Speed control, fluctuating isolated load basis .60 7.1.4 Stability studies .61 7.2 Permanent speed droop and speed regulation .61 7.3 Deadband 62 7.4 Deadtime .62 7.5 Range of governor speed
43、 changer adjustment 62 7.6 Manual control 62 7.6.1 Fully independent manual control .62 7.6.2 Selectable manual control mode .63 7.7 Turbine control servomotor time adjustment 63 7.7.1 Controlling maximum turbine control servomotor rate.63 7.7.2 Servomotor loading .64 7.8 Governor damping adjustment
44、s 65 7.8.1 Temporary droop governor adjustments .65 7.8.2 PID governor adjustment 65 8. Information to be provided by the manufacturer .66 8.1 Information to be provided at the time of submission of proposals 66 8.2 Drawings .66 8.3 Operation and maintenance manuals 66 8.4 Long-term maintenance assu
45、rance 66 9. Acceptance tests 67 9.1 Factory acceptance tests .67 9.1.1 Deadband test 67 9.1.2 Deadtime test 67 9.1.3 Gain verification test .67 9.1.4 Transient immunity test 67 9.2 Field acceptance tests .67 9.2.1 Servomotor timing test 67 9.2.2 Upset stability test .68 9.2.3 Load rejection response
46、 test 69 9.2.4 Online generation response test 70 9.2.5 Online servomotor response test .70 9.2.6 Deadtime test 71 9.2.7 Speed stability index test .71 9.2.8 Power stability index test 72 9.2.9 Simulated speed step test 72 9.3 Performance auditing 73 10. Data to be furnished by the purchaser .74 10.
47、1 Rated turbine output .74 10.2 Rated operating head 74 x Copyright 2011 IEEE. All rights reserved. 10.3 Rated speed .74 10.4 Rated discharge .74 10.5 Type of setpoint parameter .74 10.6 Ambient conditions .75 10.7 Seismic requirements 75 10.8 Surge tank dimensions and type .75 10.9 Water inertia ti
48、me .75 10.10 Pressure regulator valve capacity under full head 75 10.11 Unit mechanical inertia .75 10.12 Station ac and dc voltages .75 10.13 Powerhouse drawings showing suggested location of equipment 76 10.14 Combined servomotor volume, stroke, and timing .76 10.14.1 Wicket gate servomotor 76 10.
49、14.2 Runner blade servomotor 76 10.14.3 Deflector servomotor 76 10.14.4 Needle servomotor 76 10.15 Servomotor design operating pressure 76 10.16 Turbine control servomotor connection sizes .76 10.17 Servomotor travel direction to close .77 10.18 Minimum differential pressure required to close 77 10.19 Gate shaft or deflector shaft direction and angular travel to close 77 10.20 Required governor capacity 77 10.21 Turbine control servomotor time: opening and closing 77 10.22 Results of turbine model tests or index tests .77 10.23 Switchboard instrument specifications .77 10
