1、 IEEE Standard Requirements forTap Changers Sponsored by the Transformers Committee IEEE 3 Park Avenue New York, NY 10016-5997 USA 4 May 2012 IEEE Power and it covers de-energized tap changers (DETCs), also known as off-circuit tap changers, which may be operated only while the transformer is not en
2、ergized. For load tap changers, this standard covers both resistor and reactor types. It also covers certain aspects of the attendant tap changer motor-drive mechanism. It does not cover the tap changer control system (manual or automatic). Keywords: de-energized tap changers, IEEE C57.131, load tap
3、 changers, off-circuit tap changers, on-load tap changers, reactance type, reactor type, regulating transformers, resistance type, resistor type, step voltage, tap changers, taps, through current, voltage regulators The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. 3 Park Avenue, New York,
4、 NY 10016-5997, USA Copyright 2012 by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. All rights reserved. Published 4 May 2012. Printed in the United States of America. IEEE is a registered trademark in the U.S. Patent +1 978 750 8400. Permission to photocopy portions of any individual
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17、of any patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, is entirely their own responsibility. Further information may be obtained from the IEEE Standards Association. v Copyright 2012 IEEE. All rights reserved. vi Copyright 2012 IEEE. All rights reserved. Participants At the time this dra
18、ft standard was submitted to the IEEE-SA Standards Board for approval, the Tap Changer Performance Working Group had the following membership: William Henning, Chair Paul Ahrens Carlo Arpino Allen Bartek Jeff Benach Juan Castellanos Donald Chu Craig Colopy Frank Damico Dieter Dohnal Donald Fallon Pi
19、erre Feghali Marcos Ferreira James Gardner David Goodwin Bill Griesacker Wayne Hanson James Harlow Gary Hoffman Phillip Hopkinson Rowland James, Jr. Virendra Jhonsa Axel Kraemer Bernhard Kurth Thomas Lundquist John Matthews Susan McNelly Shirish Mehta Van Nhi Nguyen Bipin Patel Paulette Powel Ewald
20、Schweiger H. Jin Sim Thomas Spitzer Bengt-Olof Stenestam Craig Stiegemeier Thomas Traub Edgar Trummer Kiran Vedante Robert Veitch Roger Verdolin Barry Ward Peter ZhaoThe following members of the individual balloting committee voted on this standard. Balloters may have voted for approval, disapproval
21、, or abstention. Carlo Arpino Allen Bartek Jon Brasher Juan Castellanos Craig Colopy Dieter Dohnal Jorge Gonzalez de la Vega James Harlow David Harris William Henning Gary Hoffman Rowland James, Jr. Axel Kraemer Bernhard Kurth Van Nhi Nguyen Daniel Sauer Bengt-Olof Stenestam Craig Stiegemeier Kiran
22、Vedante Peter ZhaoWhen the IEEE-SA Standards Board approved this recommended practice on 29 March 2012, it had the following membership: Richard H. Hulett, Chair John Kulick, Vice Chair Robert M. Grow, Past President Judith Gorman, Secretary Satish Aggarwal Masayuki Ariyoshi Peter Balma William Bart
23、ley Ted Burse Clint Chaplin Wael Diab Jean-Philippe Faure Alexander Gelman Paul Houz Jim Hughes Joseph L. Koepfinger* David J. Law Thomas Lee Hung Ling Oleg Logvinov Ted Olsen Gary Robinson Jon Walter Rosdahl Sam Sciacca Mike Seavey Yatin Trivedi Phil Winston Don Wright *Member Emeritus Also include
24、d are the following nonvoting IEEE-SA Standards Board liaisons: Richard DeBlasio, DOE Representative Michael Janezic, NIST Representative Don Messina IEEE Standards Program Manager, Document Development Erin Spiewak IEEE Standards Program Manager, Technical Program Development vii Copyright 2012 IEE
25、E. All rights reserved. Introduction This introduction is not part of IEEE Std C57.131-2012, IEEE Standard Requirements for Tap Changers. The introduction to IEEE Std C57.131-1995 is reproduced below, and it still applies today: In the interest of furthering international standardization for load ta
26、p changers, portions of this standard have been reproduced by permission of the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), which retains the copyright. This document is a new standard that has been developed by the Load Tap Changer Performance Requirements Working Group of the Transformers Com
27、mittee. Its main intent is to provide standard performance and test requirements for both resistance and reactance type load tap changers. In many respects this standard parallels the IEC-214 (1989), Standard for On-Load Tap Changers, which covers resistance-type load tap changers in great detail, b
28、ut reactance type load tap changers in lesser detail. This IEEE standard complements the IEC standard insofar as it provides additional performance and test requirements for reactance-type load tap changers, while essentially adopting, although sometimes with modification, the IEC requirements for r
29、esistance type load tap changers. Since IEEE Std C57.131-1995 was published, IEC-214 (1989) has been revised and now has the designation, 60214-1. Many of the changes in the IEC document were also made in this revision of IEEE Std C57.131. In addition to changes inspired by changes in IEC 60214-1, v
30、arious working group members have proposed needed modifications to IEEE Std C57.131. The resulting changes fall into these areas: There were changes and additions to definitions and terminology. The scope was modified to include de-energized (off-circuit) tap changers. Typographical errors in figure
31、s and tables were corrected. Changes were made to some of the test requirements. viii Copyright 2012 IEEE. All rights reserved. Contents 1. Overview 1 1.1 Scope . 1 1.2 Application 1 2. Normative references 2 3. Definitions 2 4. Service conditions 5 4.1 Temperature of tap changer environment 5 4.2 T
32、emperature of tap changer motor-drive mechanism environment. 6 4.3 Overload conditions. 6 5. Requirements for LTCs 7 5.1 Rating 7 5.2 Design tests for LTCs 8 5.3 Routine tests for LTCs. 20 5.4 LTC test report. 21 6. Requirements for motor-drive mechanisms for load tap changers . 21 6.1 Permissible v
33、ariation of auxiliary supply 21 6.2 Design tests for motor-drive mechanism . 22 6.3 Routine tests for motor-drive mechanism 22 6.4 Test report for motor-drive mechanism . 23 7. Requirements for de-energized tap changers (DETCs) 23 7.1 General requirements. 23 7.2 Design tests for DETCs . 24 7.3 Rout
34、ine tests 28 8. Requirements for motor-drive mechanisms for DETCs . 28 8.1 General requirements. 28 8.2 Permissible variation of auxiliary supply 28 8.3 Design tests for motor-drive mechanism . 29 8.4 Routine tests for motor-drive mechanism 29 8.5 Test report for motor-drive mechanism . 30 9. Namepl
35、ate. 30 9.1 Load (on-load) and de-energized (off-circuit) tap changers 30 9.2 Motor-drive mechanisms. 31 10. Manufacturers operating instructions 31 Annex A (informative) Switching duty relating to load tap changers (LTCs) with resistor transition. 32 A.1 Additional definitions . 32 A.2 Duty on main
36、 and transition contacts 35 Annex B (informative) Switching duty relating to load tap changers (LTCs) with reactor transition 38 B.1 Additional test parameter 38 B.2 Duty on switching contacts. 38 ix Copyright 2012 IEEE. All rights reserved. x Copyright 2012 IEEE. All rights reserved. Annex C (infor
37、mative) Method of determining the equivalent temperature of the transition resistor using power pulse currents. 49 Annex D (informative) Simulated circuits for service duty and breaking capacity tests for resistance-type LTCs. 50 Annex E (informative) Tutorial information on LTC application 54 E.1 A
38、pplication of LTC to transformers 54 E.2 Design concepts and functional description of LTCs 56 Annex F (informative) Bibliography 61 IEEE Standard Requirements for Tap Changers IMPORTANT NOTICE: IEEE Standards documents are not intended to ensure safety, health, or environmental protection, or ensur
39、e against interference with or from other devices or networks. Implementers of IEEE Standards documents are responsible for determining and complying with all appropriate safety, security, environmental, health, and interference protection practices and all applicable laws and regulations. This IEEE
40、 document is made available for use subject to important notices and legal disclaimers. These notices and disclaimers appear in all publications containing this document and may be found under the heading “Important Notice” or “Important Notices and Disclaimers Concerning IEEE Documents.” They can a
41、lso be obtained on request from IEEE or viewed at http:/standards.ieee.org/IPR/disclaimers.html. 1. Overview 1.1 Scope This standard covers electrical and mechanical performance and test requirements for load tap changers and de-energized tap changers, installed in power transformers and voltage reg
42、ulating transformers and immersed in transformer mineral oil, but may also be used for other insulating fluids insofar as conditions are applicable. 1.2 Application This standard applies mainly to tap changers immersed in transformer oil but may also be used for gas-insulated tap changers and tap ch
43、angers with other insulating liquids, when the conditions indicated in this standard are applicable. It applies to tap changers mounted inside the main transformer tank and immersed in the insulating liquid of the transformer. It also applies to tap changers mounted in a container outside the main t
44、ransformer tank. 1 Copyright 2012 IEEE. All rights reserved. IEEE Std C57.131-2012 IEEE Standard Requirements for Tap Changers 2. Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document (i.e., they must be understood and used, so each referenced
45、 document is cited in text and its relationship to this document is explained). For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments or corrigenda) applies. IEEE Std C57.12.10, Standard Requirements for
46、Liquid-Immersed Power Transformers.1, 2IEEE Std C57.12.80, IEEE Standard Terminology for Power and Distribution Transformers. IEEE Std C57.91, IEEE Guide for Loading Mineral-Oil-Immersed Transformers. IEEE Std 4, IEEE Standard Techniques for High Voltage Testing. 3. Definitions For the purposes of t
47、his document, the following terms and definitions apply. The IEEE Standards Dictionary: Glossary of Terms and Definitions3should be consulted for terms not defined in this clause. In addition, IEEE Std C57.12.80, IEEE Standard Terminology for Power and Distribution Transformers, contains definitions
48、 not listed here. arcing switch: See: diverter switch. arcing tap switch: See: selector switch. bypass contacts: For reactance-type load tap changers (LTCs), a set of through current carrying contacts that commutates the current to the transfer contacts without any arc. change-over selector: A devic
49、e designed to carry, but not to make or break current, used in conjunction with a tap selector or selector switch to enable its contacts, and the connected taps, to be used more than once when moving from one extreme position to the other. circulating current: That part of the current that flows through the transition impedance at the time when two taps are momentarily bridged during a tap change operation for a resistor-type tap changer or when bridged in an operating position for a reactor-type tap changer. coarse change-over selector: A change-over sele
