1、 Reference number ISO 10137:2007(E) ISO 2007INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 10137 Second edition 2007-11-15 Bases for design of structures Serviceability of buildings and walkways against vibrations Bases du calcul des constructions Aptitude au service des btiments et des passerelles sous vibrations ISO
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6、ddress below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2007 All rights reservedISO 10137:2007(E) ISO 2007 All rights
7、reserved iii Contents Page Foreword. v Introduction . vi 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references . 1 3 Terms and definitions. 2 4 Description of the vibration problem 4 4.1 General remarks 4 4.2 Vibration source 4 4.2.1 Vibration sources inside a building 5 4.2.2 Vibration sources outside a building 5 4.
8、3 Transmission path 5 4.4 Receiver . 5 5 Dynamic actions . 5 5.1 General remarks 5 5.2 Machinery 6 5.2.1 Rotating machinery 6 5.2.2 Reciprocating machinery. 6 5.2.3 Impacting machinery 6 5.2.4 Other machinery . 6 5.3 Vehicular traffic (road and rail) 6 5.3.1 General remarks 6 5.3.2 Motor vehicles. 6
9、 5.3.3 Railway trains 7 5.4 Impulsive sources. 7 5.4.1 General remarks 7 5.4.2 Impulsive sources in the ground 7 5.4.3 Controlled intermittent and impulsive sources within a structure 7 5.4.4 Airborne or waterborne impulsive sources . 8 5.5 Human activity 8 5.5.1 Repetitive coordinated activities ov
10、er a fixed area . 8 5.5.2 Persons traversing structures. 8 5.5.3 Single pulses. 8 5.6 Wind . 8 5.7 Earthquakes 8 6 Evaluation of response 9 6.1 General remarks 9 6.2 Methods of analysis 9 6.2.1 General remarks 9 6.2.2 Actions that vary with time and space . 9 6.2.3 Actions that vary with time 10 6.3
11、 Evaluation of vibration levels by calculation.10 6.3.1 General remarks 10 6.3.2 Damping for the serviceability limit state 10 6.3.3 Vibrations propagating in continuous media 10 6.3.4 Vibrations of discrete media 11 6.4 Evaluation of vibration levels by measurement 11 6.4.1 General remarks 11 6.4.2
12、 Quantities to be measured. 11 6.4.3 Measuring apparatus and range of parameters 12 ISO 10137:2007(E) iv ISO 2007 All rights reserved6.4.4 Arrangement of measurement points .12 6.4.5 Vibration measurement analysis and results. 13 6.4.6 Measurement report 13 7 Vibration criteria for the serviceabilit
13、y limit state 13 7.1 General remarks 13 7.1.1 Criteria for human occupants 14 7.1.2 Criteria for building contents. 14 7.1.3 Criteria for building structures 14 7.2 Vibration criteria for human occupancies 14 7.2.1 General remarks 14 7.2.2 Requirements for walkways. 15 7.3 Vibration criteria for bui
14、lding contents. 15 7.3.1 General remarks 15 7.3.2 Vibration criteria for equipment and processes in buildings under design . 16 7.3.3 Evaluation of vibrations in existing buildings . 16 7.4 Vibration criteria for building structures 16 7.4.1 General remarks 16 7.4.2 Criteria for vibrations from impa
15、cts/impulses . 17 7.4.3 Criteria for vibrations from other actions. 17 7.4.4 Empirical criteria . 17 7.4.5 Application of vibration criteria to measured vibrations 17 8 Vibration control . 17 9 Vibration mitigation 18 Annex A (informative) Dynamic actions. 19 Annex B (informative) Examples of vibrat
16、ion analysis. 26 Annex C (informative) Examples of vibration criteria. 33 Annex D (informative) Guidance for human response to wind-induced motions in buildings 40 Annex E (informative) Methods of vibration mitigation 42 Bibliography . 44 ISO 10137:2007(E) ISO 2007 All rights reserved v Foreword ISO
17、 (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical com
18、mittee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrot
19、echnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the mem
20、ber bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identify
21、ing any or all such patent rights. ISO 10137 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 98, Bases for design of structures, Subcommittee SC 2, Reliability of structures. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 10137:1992) and differs from the previous edition as follows: info
22、rmation on relevant International Standards have been updated; treatment of vibrations from rock bursts has been added; actions due to human activities have been updated (Annex A); serviceability criteria for occupants of buildings subjected to wind-induced vibrations have been added (Annex D); the
23、bibliography has been revised and updated; editorial changes and clarifications of text have been made. ISO 10137:2007(E) vi ISO 2007 All rights reservedIntroduction Economic use of high-strength and lightweight materials has resulted in a trend towards more dynamically responsive structures. This t
24、rend is exacerbated by the emergence of new sources of vibration acting on buildings and walkways, and is compounded by an increasing demand for “vibration free” environments for proper functioning of industrial and laboratory processes and instruments, and for work efficiency and personal comfort.
25、In the past, vibrations in buildings have largely been controlled by specified loads or limitation of static deflections, or they have simply not occurred because of the massive nature of buildings. A number of unsatisfactory vibration levels in buildings have been observed, however, and this seems
26、to indicate that the indirect criteria are no longer adequate. Hence, this International Standard was developed with the objective of presenting the principles for predicting vibrations at the design stage, in addition to assessing the acceptability of vibrations in existing structures. The recommen
27、dations presented here are for serviceability and not for safety. It is, however, possible that some vibrations (usually associated with resonance) can become a safety hazard. Therefore, for severe dynamic loading, a check on the possible occurrence of resonance and associated limit stresses, deflec
28、tions and fatigue effects shall be carried out. The vibration effects discussed here represent a serviceability limit state in accordance with ISO 2394. The serviceability limit state for vibrations is described by constraints, generally consisting of vibration values (displacement, velocity or acce
29、leration), usually in combination with frequency or a frequency range and possibly with other parameters. The constraints can also be connected to stress, strain, cracking occurrence and duration. The constraints can be determined statistically, but are generally prescribed in codes deterministicall
30、y. The design or evaluation criteria employed for achieving satisfactory vibration behaviour of buildings and walkways in the serviceability limit state should consider, among others, the following aspects: a) variability of tolerance of human occupants due to cultural, regional or economic factors;
31、 b) sensitivity of building contents to vibrations and changing use and occupancy; c) emergence of new dynamic loadings which are not explicitly addressed by this International Standard; d) use of materials whose dynamic characteristics may change with time; e) impracticality of analysis due to the
32、complexity of the structure or complexity of the loading; f) social or economic consequences of unsatisfactory performance. INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 10137:2007(E) ISO 2007 All rights reserved 1 Bases for design of structures Serviceability of buildings and walkways against vibrations 1 Scope This
33、International Standard gives recommendations on the evaluation of serviceability against vibrations of buildings, and walkways within buildings or connecting them or outside of buildings. It covers three recipients of vibrations: a) human occupancy in buildings and on walkways; b) the contents of th
34、e building; c) the structure of the building. It does not include bridges that carry vehicular traffic, even in conjunction with pedestrian traffic, nor the design of foundations or supporting structures of machinery. For the purposes of this International Standard, it is assumed that the building s
35、tructure responds linearly to the applied loads. This means that the structure does not yield or fail, nor is it subject to significant non-linear effects. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the
36、 edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 2041, Mechanical vibration, shock and condition monitoring Vocabulary ISO 2372, Mechanical vibration of machines with operating speeds from 10 to 200 rev/s Basis for
37、specifying evaluation standards ISO 2394:1998, General principles on reliability for structures ISO 2631-1:1997, Mechanical vibration and shock Evaluation of human exposure to whole-body vibration Part 1: General requirements ISO 2631-2:2003, Mechanical vibration and shock Evaluation of human exposu
38、re to whole-body vibration Part 2: Vibration in buildings (1 Hz to 80 Hz) ISO 3010:2001, Basis for design of structures Seismic actions on structures ISO 3898, Bases for design of structures Notations General symbols ISO 4354, Wind actions on structures ISO 4866:1990, Mechanical vibration and shock
39、Vibration of buildings Guidelines for the measurement of vibrations and evaluation of their effects on buildings ISO 10137:2007(E) 2 ISO 2007 All rights reservedISO 6897, Guidelines for the evaluation of the response of occupants of fixed structures, especially buildings and off-shore structures, to
40、 low-frequency horizontal motion (0,063 to 1 Hz) ISO 8041, Human response to vibration Measuring instrumentation ISO 8569, Mechanical vibration and shock Measurement and evaluation of shock and vibration effects on sensitive equipment in buildings ISO 8930, General principles on reliability for stru
41、ctures List of equivalent terms ISO/TS 10811-1, Mechanical vibration and shock Vibration and shock in buildings with sensitive equipment Part 1: Measurement and evaluation ISO/TS 10811-2, Mechanical vibration and shock Vibration and shock in buildings with sensitive equipment Part 2: Classification
42、ISO 10816 (all parts), Mechanical vibration Evaluation of machine vibration by measurements on non- rotating parts ISO 14837-1, Mechanical vibration Ground-borne noise and vibration arising from rail systems Part 1: General Guidance 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the term
43、s and definitions given in ISO 2041 and ISO 8930 and the following apply. NOTE See also ISO 3898 and ISO 2394. 3.1 amplification increase of vibration amplitudes relative to a reference amplitude 3.2 attenuation loss of vibration energy along a transmission path 3.3 broadband spectrum spectrum with
44、the vibration distributed over broad frequency bands (e.g. octave-band spectrum, one-third- octave band spectrum) 3.4 damping dissipation of energy in a vibrating system 3.5 dynamic actions actions varying so quickly that they give rise to vibrations 3.6 dynamic forces forces varying so quickly that
45、 they give rise to vibrations 3.7 Fourier transformation mathematical procedure that transforms a time record into a complex frequency spectrum (Fourier spectrum) without loss of information ISO 10137:2007(E) ISO 2007 All rights reserved 3 3.8 frequency components centre frequencies of narrow bands
46、in which the energy of a spectrum is concentrated 3.9 frequency response function frequency spectrum function of the output signal divided by the frequency spectrum function of the input signal NOTE The frequency response is usually given graphically by curves showing the amplitude relationship and,
47、 where applicable, phase shift or phase angle, as a function of frequency. Alternatively, it is the Fourier transformation of the response of the structure to an impulse. 3.10 geometric spreading decay of vibration amplitudes with increasing distance from the source as the energy is spread over a la
48、rger volume 3.11 impulsive source source which gives a dynamic action of a short duration compared with the natural period of the structure under consideration 3.12 mode of vibration deflected shape at a particular natural frequency of a system undergoing free vibration 3.13 narrow-band spectrum spe
49、ctrum with the vibration concentrated in narrow frequency bands 3.14 natural frequency frequency at which a mode of vibration will oscillate under free vibrations 3.15 octave-band spectrum spectrum determined by means of a filter cutting off frequencies outside a band, where the maximum frequency in each band is equal to the minimum frequency multiplied by 2 3.16 receiver person, structure or contents of a building subjected to vibrations 3.17 response spectrum maximum responses of a series of
