1、 ISO 2012 Durability Service life design of concrete structures Durabilit Conception de la dure de vie des structures en bton INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16204 First edition 2012-09-01 Reference number ISO 16204:2012(E) ISO 16204:2012(E) ii ISO 2012 All rights reserved COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT IS
2、O 2012 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the
3、 country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ISO 16204:2012(E) ISO 2012 All rights reserved iii Contents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope 1 2 Norm
4、ative references . 1 3 T erms and definitions . 2 4 Symbols and abbreviated terms . 5 4.1 Abbreviated terms . 5 4.2 Main letters 5 4.3 Subscripts . 6 5 Basis of design 6 5.1 Requirements . 6 5.2 Principles of limit state design 7 5.3 Basic variables . 8 5.4 V erification 8 6 V erification of service
5、 life design 10 6.1 Carbonation-induced corrosion - uncracked concrete .10 6.2 Chloride-induced corrosion - uncracked concrete 13 6.3 Influence of cracks upon reinforcement corrosion .14 6.4 Risk of depassivation with respect to pre-stressed steel 15 6.5 Freeze/thaw attack 15 6.6 Chemical attack .17
6、 6.7 Alkali-aggregate reactions 18 7 Execution .19 7.1 General .19 7.2 Execution specification .19 7.3 Formwork .19 7.4 Materials .19 7.5 Inspection 20 7.6 Action in the event of non-conformity .20 8 Maintenance and condition assessment 20 8.1 General .20 8.2 Maintenance 20 8.3 Condition assessment
7、.21 9 Action in the event of non-conformity .21 Annex A (informative) Basis of design 22 Annex B (informative) V erification of service life design .24 Annex C (informative) Execution 28 Annex D (informative) Maintenance and condition assessment .29 Annex E (informative) Guidance on a national annex
8、 30 Bibliography .31 ISO 16204:2012(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member bod
9、y interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrote
10、chnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standards are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by
11、 the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an International Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rig
12、hts. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 16204 was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 71, Concrete, reinforced concrete and pre-stressed concrete, Subcommittee SC 3, Concrete production and execution of concrete structures. iv ISO 2012 All rights
13、reserved ISO 16204:2012(E) Introduction This International Standard is based on the principles given in ISO 2394, General principles on reliability for structures, ISO 13823, General principles on the design of structures for durability, and fib 1)“Model Code for Service Life Design” 1(MC SLD, today
14、 implemented in fib Model Code 2010 2 ). The two International Standards were prepared by ISO/TC 98, Bases for design of structures. The limit-states method, as developed in ISO 2394, has been adopted and used for preparing and harmonizing national and regional standards for structural design around
15、 the world. The objective of ISO 13823 is to provide a framework for the development of standards to predict the service life of components of a structure and to ensure that these principles are incorporated in the material-specific standards developed by other ISO Technical Committees. The objectiv
16、e of fib MC SLD is to implement the principles of ISO 2394 in service life design of concrete structures. This International Standard treats design for environmental actions leading to deterioration of concrete and embedded steel. The flowchart in Figure 1 illustrates the flow of decisions and the d
17、esign activities needed in a rational service life design process with a chosen level of reliability. Two strategies have been adopted; in the first, three levels of sophistication are distinguished. In total, four options are available. Strategy 1: Design to resist deteriorationLevel 1 Full probabi
18、listic method (option 1)Level 2 Partial factor method (option 2)Level 3 Deemed-to-satisfy method (option 3) Strategy 2: Avoidance-of-deterioration method, (option 4) Establishing the serviceability criteria Establishing the general layout, the dimensions and selection of materials Verification by th
19、e “Full probabilistic” method Involving: * Probabilistic models - resistance - loads/exposure - geometry * Limit states Verification by the “Partial factor” method. Involving: * Design values - characteristic values - partial factors * Design equations * Limit states Verification by the “Deemed-to-
20、satisfy” method. Involving: Exposure classes, limit states and other design provisions Verification by the “Avoidance of deterioration” method. Involving: Exposure classes, limit states and other design provisions Execution specification Maintenance plan Condition assessment plan Execution of the st
21、ructure Inspection of execution Maintenance Condition assessments during operational service life In the case of non-conformity to the performance criteria, the structure becomes obsolete or subject to full or partial redesign Figure 1 Flowchart for service life design 1) The International Federatio
22、n for Structural Concrete. ISO 2012 All rights reserved v ISO 16204:2012(E) Within Clause 6 the following deterioration mechanisms are addressed: carbonation-induced corrosion; chloride-induced corrosion; freeze/thaw attack without de-icing agents or sea-water; freeze/thaw attack with de-icing agent
23、s or sea-water. For these mechanisms widely accepted mathematical models exist. The other deterioration mechanisms: chemical attack, and alkali-aggregate reactions, are not treated in detail primarily because widely accepted mathematical models do not exist at present. To make this International Sta
24、ndard complete, the missing models have to be developed and comply with the general principles of Clause 5. This International Standard includes four informative annexes giving background information for the application in service life design and one informative annex giving guidance for the prepara
25、tion of a possible national annex. vi ISO 2012 All rights reserved INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16204:2012(E) Durability Service life design of concrete structures 1 Scope This International Standard specifies principles and recommends procedures for the verification of the durability of concrete stru
26、ctures subject to: known or foreseeable environmental actions causing material deterioration ultimately leading to failure of performance; material deterioration without aggressiveness from the external environment of the structure, termed self- ageing. NOTE The inclusion of, for example, chlorides
27、in the concrete mix might cause deterioration over time without the ingress of additional chlorides from the environment. This International Standard is intended for use by national standardization bodies when establishing or validating their requirements for durability of concrete structures. It ma
28、y also be applied: for the assessment of remaining service life of existing structures; and for the design of service life of new structures provided quantified parameters on levels of reliability and design parameters are given in a national annex to this International Standard. Fatigue failure due
29、 to cyclic stress is not within the scope of this International Standard. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenc
30、ed document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 2394, General principles on reliability for structures ISO 13823, General principles on the design of structures for durability ISO 22965-1, Concrete Part 1: Methods of specifying and guidance for the specifier ISO 22965-2, Concrete Part 2: Specifi
31、cation of constituent materials, production of concrete and compliance of concrete ISO 22966, Execution of concrete structures ISO 6935 (all parts), Steel for the reinforcement of concrete ISO 16311 (all parts), Maintenance and repair of concrete structures 2) 2) To be published. ISO 16311-1, -2, -3
32、 and -4 are under preparation. ISO 2012 All rights reserved 1 ISO 16204:2012(E) 3 T erms and definitio ns For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 basic variable part of a specified set of variables representing physical quantities, which characterize actions
33、 and environmental influences, material properties including soil properties, and geometrical quantities ISO 2394:1998, 2.2.18 3.2 characteristic value X kor R k value of a material or product property having a prescribed probability of not being attained in a hypothetical unlimited test series NOTE
34、 1 This value generally corresponds to a specified fractile of the assumed statistical distribution of the particular property of the material or product. NOTE 2 A nominal value is used as the characteristic value in some circumstances. 3.3 characteristic value of a geometrical property a k value us
35、ually corresponding to the dimensions specified in the design NOTE Where relevant, values of geometrical quantities may correspond to some prescribed fractiles of the statistical distribution. 3.4 characteristic value of an action F k principal representative value NOTE It is chosen: on a statistica
36、l basis, so that it can be considered to have a specified probability for not being exceeded towards unfavourable values during a reference period; on acquired experience; or on physical restraints. ISO 2394:1998, 2.3.12 3.5 design criteria quantitative formulations that describe for each limit stat
37、e the conditions to be fulfilled 3.6 design service life assumed period for which a structure or a part of it is to be used for its intended purpose with anticipated maintenance, but without major repair being necessary 3.7 design situation set of physical conditions representing a certain time inte
38、rval for which the design demonstrates that the relevant limit states are not exceeded ISO 2394:1998, 2.2.1 2 ISO 2012 All rights reserved ISO 16204:2012(E) 3.8 design value of a geometrical property a d generally a nominal value NOTE 1 Where relevant, values of geometrical quantities may correspond
39、 to some prescribed fractile of the statistical distribution. NOTE 2 The design value of a geometrical property is generally equal to the characteristic value. However, it may be treated differently in cases where the limit state under consideration is very sensitive to the value of the geometrical
40、property. Alternatively, it can be established from a statistical basis, with a value corresponding to a more appropriate fractile (e.g. rarer value) than applies to the characteristic value. 3.9 design value of an action F d value obtained by multiplying the representative value by the partial fact
41、or for F . Modified from ISO 2394:1998, 2.3.16 3.10 design value of material or product property X dor R d value obtained by dividing the characteristic value by a partial factor mor M , or, in special circumstances, by direct determination NOTE See 5.4.2 (3). Modified from ISO 2394:1998, 2.4.3 3.11
42、 e x ecut ion s p eci fic at ion documents covering all drawings, technical data and requirements necessary for the execution of a particular project NOTE The execution specification is not one single document but signifies the total sum of documents required for the execution of the work as provide
43、d by the designer to the constructor and includes the project specification prepared to supplement and qualify the requirements of this International Standard, as well as referring to the national provisions relevant in the place of use. ISO 22966:2009, 3.8 3.12 inspection conformity evaluation by o
44、bservation and judgement accompanied as appropriate by measurement, testing or gauging ISO 9000:2005, 3.8.2 3.13 limit state state beyond which the structure no longer satisfies the relevant design criteria NOTE Limit states separate desired states (no failure) from undesired states (failure). Modif
45、ied from ISO 2394:1998, 2.2.9 3.14 maintenance set of activities that are planned to take place during the service life of a structure in order to fulfil the requirements for reliability ISO 2012 All rights reserved 3 ISO 16204:2012(E) 3.15 pr o ject s p eci fic at ion project-specific document desc
46、ribing the requirements applicable for the particular project ISO 22966:2009, 3.15 3.16 reference period chosen period of time which is used as a basis for assessing values of variable actions, time-dependent material properties, etc. ISO 2394:1998, 2.2.8 3.17 reliability ability of a structure or a
47、 structural member to fulfil the specified requirements, including the design service life, for which it has been designed NOTE 1 Reliability is usually expressed in probabilistic terms. NOTE 2 Reliability covers safety, serviceability and durability of a structure. Modified from ISO 2394:1998, 2.2.
48、7 3.18 reliability differentiation measures intended for socio-economic optimization of the resources to be used to build construction works, taking into account all expected consequences of failures and the cost of the construction works 3.19 repair activities performed to preserve or to restore th
49、e function of a structure that fall outside the definition of maintenance 3.20 representative value of an action F rep value used for the verification of a limit state NOTE Representative values consist of characteristic values, combination values, frequent values and quasi- permanent values, but may also consist of other values. ISO 2394:1998, 2.3.11 3.21 resistance capacity of a member or component, or a cross-section of a member or component of a structure, to withstand action
