1、 Reference number ISO 16831:2012(E) ISO 2012INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16831 First edition 2012-04-01 Non-destructive testing Ultrasonic testing Characterization and verification of ultrasonic thickness measuring equipment Essais non destructifs Contrle par ultrasons Caractrisation et vrification de
2、s appareils de mesure de lpaisseur par ultrasons ISO 16831:2012(E) COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2012 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microf
3、ilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 201
4、2 All rights reservedISO 16831:2012(E) ISO 2012 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Introduction vi 1 Scope1 2 Normative references1 3 Terms and definitions .1 4 General requirements for compliance.1 5 Manufacturers technical specification for ultrasonic thickness measuring equipment.2 5.1 General
5、.2 5.2 General attributes2 5.3 Display2 5.4 Transmitter.3 5.5 Receiver3 5.6 Other information 3 6 Calibration blocks .3 6.1 General .3 6.2 Material .3 6.3 Shape and size.4 7 Performance requirements for ultrasonic thickness measuring equipment 5 8 Probes.6 9 Group 1 tests .7 9.1 General .7 9.2 Equip
6、ment required for Group 1 tests 7 9.3 Stability against temperature .7 9.4 Low battery warning7 9.5 Battery operational time .8 9.6 Operational voltage range 8 9.7 Operational current range 8 9.8 Operational temperature range9 9.9 Pulse repetition frequency, PRF 9 9.10 Transmitter pulse shape, rise-
7、time and peak voltage .9 9.11 Receiver frequency range of operation.11 9.12 Minimum and maximum measurable thicknesses.11 9.13 Accuracy and resolution.11 9.14 Range of velocity setting (calibration) 11 9.15 Calibration mechanisms.11 9.16 Calibration setting storage.12 9.17 Data storage.12 9.18 Print
8、ing .12 9.19 Display and recall 13 9.20 Display response time 13 10 Group 2 tests .13 10.1 General .13 10.2 Equipment required for Group 2 tests 13 10.3 General characteristics.14 10.4 General mechanical state and external aspects 14 11 Group 3 tests .14 11.1 General .14 11.2 General mechanical stat
9、e and external aspects 14 11.3 Calibration mechanisms.14 Foreword .v ISO 16831:2012(E) iv ISO 2012 All rights reserved11.4 Calibration setting storage .14 11.5 Data storage .15 Bibliography 16 ISO 16831:2012(E) ISO 2012 All rights reserved vForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardiz
10、ation) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be
11、 represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. International Standar
12、ds are drafted in accordance with the rules given in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. The main task of technical committees is to prepare International Standards. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for voting. Publication as an Intern
13、ational Standard requires approval by at least 75 % of the member bodies casting a vote. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. ISO 16831 wa
14、s prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 135, Non-destructive testing, Subcommittee SC 3, Ultrasonic testing. ISO 16831:2012(E) viii ISO 2012 All rights reservedIntroduction This International Standard is based on EN 15317:2007, Non-destructive testing Ultrasonic testing Characterization and verific
15、ation of ultrasonic thickness measuring equipment. The following International Standards are linked. ISO 16810, Non-destructive testing Ultrasonic testing General principles ISO 16811, Non-destructive testing Ultrasonic testing Sensitivity and range setting ISO 16823, Non-destructive testing Ultraso
16、nic testing Transmission technique ISO 16826, Non-destructive testing Ultrasonic testing Examination for discontinuities perpendicular to the surface ISO 16827, Non-destructive testing Ultrasonic testing Characterization and sizing of discontinuities ISO 16828, Non-destructive testing Ultrasonic tes
17、ting Time-of-flight diffraction technique as a method for detection and sizing of discontinuities 11 Scope This International Standard specifies methods and acceptance criteria for assessing the performance of instruments formeasuring thickness using pulse-echo ultrasound. This International Standar
18、d covers both direct (digital) reading and waveform display types using single or dual element probes. This International Standard can be used for verifying equipment covered by EN 12668 when used for thickness measurement. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable
19、for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 1330-4, Non destructive testing Terminology Part 4 : Terms used in ultrasonic testing EN 10025-2, H
20、ot rolled products of structural steels Part 2 : Technical delivery conditions for non-alloy structural steels EN 12668-2, Non-destructive testing Characterization and verification of ultrasonic examination equipment Part 2: Probes 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the terms
21、 and definitions given in ISO 5577 and EN 1330-4 apply. 4 General requirements for compliance Ultrasonic thickness measuring equipment complies with this standard if it satisfies all the following conditions: a) ultrasonic instrument and probe comply with the technical requirements of this standard;
22、 b) either a declaration of conformity, issued by an organization certified in accordance with ISO 9001; or a certificate issued by an organization accredited according to ISO/IEC 17050-1 and ISO/IEC 17050-2, or a test report issued by an organization performing in-house calibration; c) ultrasonic i
23、nstrument and probe are clearly marked to identify the manufacturer, type and series, and carr a unique serial number; d) user instruction manual for the particular type and series of the ultrasonic equipment is available; INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16831:2012(E)Non-destructive testing Ultrasonic te
24、sting Characterization and verification of ultrasonic thickness measuring equipment ISO 2012 All rights reserved ISO 5577, Non-destructive testing Ultrasonic inspection Vocabulary 2 e) manufacturers technical specification for the appropriate type and series of ultrasonic equipment which defines the
25、 performance criteria in accordance with this standard is available. NOTE The manufacturers technical specification does not in itself constitute the certificate of measured values required in b). 5 Manufacturers technical specification for ultrasonic thickness measuring equipment 5.1 General The ma
26、nufacturers technical specification for a particular model of ultrasonic thickness measuring equipment shall contain, as a minimum, the information listed in 5.2 to 5.5. Values obtained from the tests described in Clause 7 shall be quoted as nominal values with tolerances given as indicated. 5.2 Gen
27、eral attributes The following shall be detailed: a) size; b) mass (at an operational stage); c) type(s) of power supply; d) type(s) of probe sockets; e) battery operational time (as new, at maximum power consumption with a specified duty cycle); f) temperature and voltage (mains and/or battery) rang
28、es, in which operation complies with the technical specification if a warm-up period is necessary, the duration of this shall be stated; g) form of indication given when a low battery voltage takes the ultrasonic instrument performance outside of specification; h) pulse repetition frequencies (PRFs)
29、 (switched positions and/or variable ranges); i) if available, monitor outputs to indicate when the measurement values fall outside a set tolerance; j) if equipment can measure through coatings; k) minimum measurable and maximum measurable thicknesses on a defined material; NOTE A minimum measurable
30、 thickness of zero cannot be verified and therefore not specified. l) accuracy and resolution shall be stated in mm for steel (longitudinal waves). 5.3 Display The following shall be detailed: a) type of display (alphanumeric or graphical and also whether LED, LCD or CRT); b) dimension of alphanumer
31、ic display; c) dimension of graphical display. ISO 2012 All rights reserved ISO 16831:2012(E) 35.4 Transmitter The following shall be detailed: a) shape of transmitter pulse; b) at each pulse energy setting with the output connected to a suitable specified probe or a defined artificial load: 1) tran
32、smitter pulse voltage (peak-to-peak); 2) pulse rise time; 3) pulse duration (for square wave, the range over which the pulse duration can be set). 5.5 Receiver The following shall be detailed: a) characteristics of gain control if user selected; b) frequency range of operation. 5.6 Other information
33、 In addition to the information given in 5.2 to 5.5, details should be supplied on the principles of: a) data output and storage facilities (memory capacity); b) calibration setting storage; c) calibration mechanisms; d) display and recall facilities; e) display response time; f) number of pixels to
34、 display the waveform; g) printer output. Where applicable, these details should also include sampling rates used, effect of pulse repetition frequency or display range on the sampling rate and response time. In addition, the principles of any algorithm used to process data for display should be des
35、cribed. 6 Calibration blocks 6.1 General In order to verify the ultrasonic thickness measuring equipment, it is necessary to take measurements on defined calibration blocks. These blocks are specified in 6.2 and 6.3. 6.2 Material Blocks shall be manufactured from steel grade S355J0 specified in EN 1
36、0025-2. Blocks shall be rough-machined before heat treatment which shall consist of: ISO 2012 All rights reserved ISO 16831:2012(E) 4 austenitizing at 920 C for 30 min; rapid cooling (quenching) in water; tempering by heating to 650 C for 3 h; and then cooling in air. The velocity for longitudinal w
37、aves in the calibration block material shall be (5 920 30) ms -1 . The surfaces used for measurement shall be machined to an Ra value not greater than 0,8 m. Prior to final machining, the block shall be proved free from internal discontinuities. It is permissible to chromium plate or electroless nic
38、kel plate the surfaces of the block to a maximum of 0,5 % of the block thickness. NOTE If chromium plating is used, care should be taken to use a thickness of plating that will avoid separation. 6.3 Shape and size 6.3.1 Accuracy blocks These calibration blocks shall be cylinders with diameter, D, an
39、d length, L, and as shown in Table 1. Table 1 Size of calibration blocks Block Diameter D Length L A 0,5L Minimum specified thickness B 0,5L L A + 0,25 (L E L A ) C 0,5L L A+ 0,50 (L E L A ) D 0,5L L A+ 0,75 (L E L A ) E 0,5L Maximum specified thickness where L Ais the height of block A; and L E is
40、the height of block E. NOTE If L A 0,1 L E the subtraction of L A may be omitted. D shall not be 3 times the probe face diagonal dimension. The values 0,25, 0,5 and 0,75 may be varied by up to 10 % of the value in question. The overall height of the block shall be 3 (10 -4 L) across the measurement
41、faces. The fixed dimension for L shall be measured at the centre of the block to an accuracy of 10 -4 L. The blocks shall be permanently, circumferentially marked with the actual length L, e.g. L = 50,333 mm, and a unique identity (serial number). ISO 2012 All rights reserved ISO 16831:2012(E) 56.3.
42、2 Resolution block (see Figure 1) Key w step width r step height L length of block C (see Table 1) Figure 1 Resolution block Where w shall be 3 times the diagonal dimension of the probe face and r shall be less than or equal to the specified resolution. The block shall provide a minimum of five step
43、s. 7 Performance requirements for ultrasonic thickness measuring equipment To comply with this standard, ultrasonic thickness measuring equipment shall be verified using the tests described below and shown in Table 2. Group 1: Tests to be performed by the manufacturer (or the manufacturers agent) on
44、 a representative sample of the ultrasonic thickness measuring equipment produced. These tests allow the manufacturer to verify and support the technical specification for the equipment. Group 2: Tests to be performed on all ultrasonic thickness measuring equipment: 1) by the manufacturer, or the ma
45、nufacturers agent prior to the supply of the equipment (pre- commissioning test); 2) by the manufacturer, the owner, or a laboratory at annual intervals to verify the performance of the equipment during its lifetime; 3) following any equipment repairs. Group 3: Tests to be completed by the operator
46、on site prior to and at the completion of any series of measurements. ISO 2012 All rights reserved ISO 16831:2012(E) 6 Table 2 List of tests for ultrasonic thickness measuring equipment Title of test Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Physical General mechanical state and external aspects See 10.4 See 10.4 and
47、 11.2 General characteristics Stability against temperature See 9.3 Low battery warning See 9.4 See 9.4 Battery operational time See 9.5 Operational voltage range See 9.6 See 9.6 Operational current range See 9.7 See 9.7 Operational temperature range See 9.8 Transmitter For each pulse width and ener
48、gy setting PRF See 9.9 See 9.9 Transmitter pulse shape, rise-time and peak voltage See 9.10 See 9.10 Receiver Frequency range of operation See 9.11 Performance Minimum and maximum measurable thicknesses See 9.12 See 9.12 Accuracy and resolution See 9.13 See 9.13 Range of velocity setting See 9.14 Ca
49、libration mechanisms See 9.15 See 11.3 Calibration setting storage See 9.16 See 9.16 See 11.4 Display/Data Data storage See 9.17 See 11.5 Printing See 9.18 Display and recall See 9.19 See 9.19 Display response time See 9.20 Probe See 8 8 Probes Use EN 12668-2 to verify that the centre frequency of all probes specified by the manufacturer for use with the measuring equipment is in agreement with the indicated frequency. ISO 2012 All rig
