1、 ISO 2014 Geographic information Ubiquitous public access Reference model Information gographique Ubiquitaire laccs du public Modle de rfrence INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 19154 First edition 2014-11-01 Reference number ISO 19154:2014(E) ISO 19154:2014(E)ii ISO 2014 All rights reserved COPYRIGHT PROTE
2、CTED DOCUMENT ISO 2014 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Perm
3、ission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ISO 19154:2014(E)Cont
4、ents Page Foreword iv Introduction v 1 Scope . 1 2 Conformance . 1 3 Normative references 1 4 T erms and definitions . 1 5 Symbols (and abbreviated terms) 5 5.1 Abbreviated terms . 5 5.2 UML notation 6 6 Reference model requirements 6 6.1 Background 6 6.2 Design principles of ubiquitous public acces
5、s . 7 6.3 Semantics of UPA . 7 6.4 Conceptual framework . 8 6.5 Relationship with other ISO geographic information standards . 9 6.6 Other areas of standardization 11 7 RM-ODP viewpoints 12 7.1 Enterprise viewpoint 12 7.2 Information viewpoint 14 7.3 Computational viewpoint .19 Annex A (normative) A
6、bstract test suite .22 Annex B (informative) Additional background information on UPA-to-GI 24 Annex C (informative) Open Distributed Processing (RM-ODP) for UPA-to-GI reference model .26 Annex D (informative) Service architecture for UPA-to-GI .27 Annex E (informative) Existing standardization effo
7、rts30 Annex F (informative) UPA-to-GI service scenarios .37 Bibliography .43 ISO 2014 All rights reserved iii ISO 19154:2014(E) Foreword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing Internat
8、ional Standards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with I
9、SO, also take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, P
10、art 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www.iso.org/directives). Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of th
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12、eceived (see www.iso.org/patents). Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement. For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity assessment, as well as information about ISO
13、s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 211, Geographic information/Geomatics.iv ISO 2014 All rights reserved ISO 19154:2014(E) Introduction Recent adv
14、ances of web-based and mobile computing technologies have ushered in an era where the general public are not only consumers of content, but also act as creators or providers of new, enriched content. One sector in particular that is experiencing rapid change and growth is that of geographic informat
15、ion. “Location” in a general sense is one of the basic requirements of all mobile users. In early development, users were only “consuming” location-based content, but with ever increasingly sophisticated mobile hardware devices and the ever expanding extent of telecommunications networking and senso
16、r web enabled infrastructure, mobile users are now able to create many types of geographic data. Creation of content can be on an individual level, using a coordinate location to enable navigation to a new caf described in a blog entry, or as a collaborative effort, such as collecting GPS tracks and
17、 incorporating them into the Open Street Map project. Smaller devices, embedded systems, wireless communication, and sensor networks (ubiquitous computing technologies) require methods of handling geographic information in terms of both production and consumption. Beyond the previously limited publi
18、c consumption of geographic information, ubiquitous computing technologies provide the infrastructure for the general public to produce, distribute, and consume geographic information. These concepts are manifested as “seamless access from anywhere and at any time to easy-to-use geographic informati
19、on and services”. We refer to these concepts as Ubiquitous Public Access to geographic information. The goal of ubiquitous public access to geographic information (UPA-to-GI) is to make the user experience of any “smart” device intuitive to understand, along with being easy to use. To achieve this g
20、oal, contextual information that is gathered from varied sources is managed efficiently within the UPA architecture. Therefore, systems or services for UPA to geographic information need to support a delivery mechanism of contextual information. This International Standard defines the requirements o
21、f standardization for systems and services supporting ubiquitous public access to geographic information, and describes a comprehensive set of fundamental facets that specify an abstract description of the elements for UPA to geographic information. This International Standard further establishes a
22、series of models comprised as a conceptual framework that, when implemented, will support the development of a set of systems and services for enabling ubiquitous public access to geographic information. In a UPA environment, general users are no longer only passive consumers of geographic informati
23、on, but rather active participants in several steps of the data and information management lifecycle such as collection, creation and capture, and/or use and dissemination. Ubiquitous public access to geographic information might be thought of as a type of geographic information service. However, th
24、e currently available standards used in mobile environments are based on web technologies which are not efficient enough to handle the requirements of UPA. In order to provide relevant geographic information to users, the context of the users is described. The reference model specified here defines
25、a group of models which form a framework that supports methods of extracting geographically explicit context information from varied information sources, such as a lexicon, photos, videos, and others sources. Additional models in the framework specify how geographic data produced and distributed by
26、the general public can be semantically linked to meet the users contextual requests, and how heterogeneous geographic content can be seamlessly accessed, integrated, and provided to a user regardless of the kind of device the user operates. ISO 2014 All rights reserved v Geographic information Ubiqu
27、itous public access Reference model 1 Scope This International Standard defines a reference model for ubiquitous public access (UPA) to geographic information. This reference model uses standard concepts from both the Open distributed processing Reference model (RM-ODP) in ISO/IEC 10746-1 and ISO 19
28、101. The reference model specified in this International Standard defines the following: conceptual models for ubiquitous public access (UPA) to geographic information; a reference model and framework to support current and future specification development in this area; the semantics of information
29、and processing within systems and services for the UPA of geographic information; the architectural relationship between this International Standard and other ISO geographic information standards. This International Standard is applicable to location-based services (LBS), ubiquitous computing enviro
30、nments, linked open data, and other domains that require a seamless public access to geographic information. Although structured in the context of information technology and information technology standards, this International Standard is independent of any application development method or technolo
31、gy implementation approach. 2 Conformance General conformance and testing requirements are defined in ISO 19105. Conformance requirements are specified in Annex A. 3 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable f
32、or its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 19101-1:2014, Geographic information Reference model Part 1: Fundamentals ISO/TS 19101-2:2008, Geographic informatio
33、n Reference model Part 2: Imagery ISO 19103: 1) , Geographic information Conceptual schema language ISO 19109: 2) , Geographic information Rules for application schema 4 T erms a nd definiti ons For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 1) To be published. 2) To b
34、e published. INTERNATIONAL ST ANDARD ISO 19154:2014(E) ISO 2014 All rights reserved 1 ISO 19154:2014(E) 4.1 ambient intelligence convergence of ubiquitous computing, ubiquitous communication, and interfaces adapting to the user 4.2 application manipulation and processing of data in support of user r
35、equirements SOURCE: ISO 19101-1:2014, 4.1.1 4.3 computational viewpoint viewpoint (4.29) on an ODP system and its environment which enables distribution through functional decomposition of the system into objects which interact at interfaces (4.13) SOURCE: ISO/IEC 10746-3:2009, 4.1.1.3 4.4 context a
36、spects or properties of an entity that affect the behaviour or expectations of that entity in any given situation 4.5 context-awareness integrated operations to collect and deliver context (4.4) specific information, and convert it to tailored data for each user EXAMPLE getContext(staticFeature) = F
37、D_Feature Note 1 to entry: In the example, the getContext operation would extract geographically explicit context information FD_Feature from varied information sources, such as photos, videos, etc. 4.6 enterprise viewpoint viewpoint (4.29) on an ODP system and its environment that focuses on the pu
38、rpose, scope, and policies for that system SOURCE: ISO/IEC 10746-3:2009, 4.1.1.1 4.7 geographic context awareness application (4.2) or service (4.23) behaviour based on the recognition of users geographic context (4.4) 4.8 geographic information information concerning phenomena implicitly or explici
39、tly associated with a location relative to the Earth SOURCE: ISO 19101-1:2014, 4.1.18 4.9 geographic information service service (4.23) that transforms, manages, or presents geographic information to users SOURCE: ISO 19101-1:2014, 4.1.19 4.10 geographic information system information system dealing
40、 with information concerning phenomena associated with location relative to the Earth SOURCE: ISO 19101-1:2014, 4.1.202 ISO 2014 All rights reserved ISO 19154:2014(E) 4.11 information system information processing system, together with associated organizational resources such as human, technical, an
41、d financial resources, that provides and distributes information SOURCE: ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993 4.12 information viewpoint viewpoint (4.29) on an ODP system and its environment that focuses on the semantics of information and information processing SOURCE: ISO/IEC 10746-3:2009, 4.1.1.2 4.13 interface n
42、amed set of operations (4.17) that characterize the behaviour of an entity SOURCE: ISO 19119:2005, 4.2 4.14 interoperability capability to communicate, execute programs, or transfer data among various functional units in a manner that requires the user to have little or no knowledge of the unique ch
43、aracteristics of those units SOURCE: ISO/IEC 2382-1:1993, 01.01.47 4.15 linked geodata geographic data and information sources published on the Semantic Web (4.22) Note 1 to entry: These publicly available geographic data and information sources are published in a standardized formal model. 4.16 ont
44、ology formal representation of phenomena of a universe of discourse (4.28) with an underlying vocabulary including definitions and axioms that make the intended meaning explicit and describe phenomena and their interrelationships SOURCE: ISO 19101-1:2014, 4.1.26 4.17 operation specification of a tra
45、nsformation or query that an object may be called to execute SOURCE: ISO 19119:2005, 4.3 4.18 public access open access to information sources and/or services (4.23) by general public users and professional users alike 4.19 reference model framework for understanding significant relationships among
46、the entities of some environment, and for the development of consistent standards or specifications supporting that environment Note 1 to entry: A reference model is based on a small number of unifying concepts and can be used as a basis for education and explaining standards to a non-specialist. SO
47、URCE: ISO 14721:2003, 1.7.2.63, modified the second sentence in definition has been made a note to entry. ISO 2014 All rights reserved 3 ISO 19154:2014(E) 4.20 schema formal description of a model SOURCE: ISO 19101-1:2014, 4.1.34 4.21 seamless mobility continuous and intuitive access to various info
48、rmation sources and services (4.23) regardless of protocols, networks, frequency bands, and physical environments 4.22 Semantic Web Web (4.30) of data with meaning Note 1 to entry: The association of meaning allows data and information to be understood and processed by automated tools as well as by
49、people. SOURCE: ISO 19101-1:2014, 4.1.35 4.23 service distinct part of the functionality that is provided by an entity through interfaces (4.13) SOURCE: ISO 19119:2005, 4.1 4.24 service broker application (4.2) that combines or offers lower-level services (4.23) for specific user needs SOURCE: ISO 19132:2007, 4.46 4.25 ubiquitous public access UPA service (4.23) that enables end-users to have easy and interoperable access to specific types of data, irrespective of their location o
