1、 Reference number ISO 28842:2013(E) ISO 2013INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 28842 First edition 2013-06-15 Guidelines for the simplified design of reinforced concrete bridges Lignes directrices pour la conception simplifie des ponts en bton arm ISO 28842:2013(E) COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT ISO 2013 All
2、rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from either ISO at the address below or ISOs member body in the country of
3、 the requester. ISO copyright office Case postale 56 CH-1211 Geneva 20 Tel. + 41 22 749 01 11 Fax + 41 22 749 09 47 E-mail copyrightiso.org Web www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii ISO 2013 All rights reservedISO 28842:2013(E) ISO 2013 All rights reserved iiiContents Page Foreword . v Introductio
4、n vi 1 Scope 1 2 Normative references 1 3 Terms and definitions . 2 4 Symbols and abbreviated terms 13 5 Design and construction procedure 18 5.1 Procedure . 18 5.2 Design documentation 20 6 General Guides 20 6.1 Limitations . 20 6.2 Limit states . 23 6.3 Ultimate limit state design format 25 6.4 Se
5、rviceability limit state design format . 26 7 Structural systems and layout . 26 7.1 Description of the components of the structure 26 7.2 General program 27 7.3 Structural layout 28 7.4 Feasibility under the guidelines . 29 8 Actions (Loads) . 30 8.1 General . 30 8.2 Dead loads . 30 8.3 Live loads
6、. 31 8.4 Longitudinal forces . 33 8.5 Earth pressure . 33 8.6 Wind loads . 34 8.7 Earthquake inertial forces 34 8.8 Thermal Forces 44 8.9 Load combinations 46 9 Design requirements . 46 9.1 Scope 46 9.2 Additional requirements . 46 9.3 Materials for structural concrete . 47 9.4 Concrete Mixture Prop
7、ortioning 48 9.5 Development length, lap splicing and anchorage of reinforcement 57 9.6 Limits for longitudinal reinforcement 59 9.7 Minimum amounts of transverse reinforcement 62 10 Superstructure . 66 10.1 Strength of members subjected to flexural moments . 66 10.2 Strength of members subjected to
8、 shear stresses 72 10.3 Decks 76 10.4 Solid slabs supported on girders, beams, or joists . 83 10.5 Girders, beams and joists 103 10.6 Railings . 119 11 Substructure 120 11.1 Girders that are part of a frame 120 ISO 28842:2013(E) iv ISO 2013 All rights reserved11.2 Strength of members subjected to ax
9、ial loads with or without flexure . 128 11.3 Torsion 132 11.4 Bearing strength 133 11.5 Columns and Piers 133 11.6 Concrete walls . 142 12 Foundations . 150 12.1 Foundation type and capacity 150 12.2 Subsurface exploration and testing programs . 151 12.3 Dimensioning of the foundation elements 151 1
10、2.4 Footings 151 12.5 Foundation mats 153 12.6 Footings on piles . 153 12.7 Foundation beams . 154 12.8 Retaining Walls 154 13 Lateral load resisting system . 163 13.1 General 163 13.2 Specified lateral forces . 164 13.3 Lateral force resisting structural system 164 13.4 Minimum amount of structural
11、 concrete walls . 164 13.5 Special reinforcement details for seismic zones . 165 14 Bearings 176 14.1 General 176 14.2 Multiple roller bearings . 176 14.3 Elastomeric bearings 177 14.4 Anchorage 179 14.5 Design forces for supporting structure . 179 Annex A (normative) Equivalent equations for materi
12、al factors 181 Annex B (normative) Beam Deflection 186 Bibliography 187 ISO 28842:2013(E) ISO 2013 All rights reserved vForeword ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International St
13、andards is normally carried out through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also
14、 take part in the work. ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of electrotechnical standardization. The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. I
15、n particular the different approval criteria needed for the different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. www.iso.org/directives Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of
16、this document may be the subject of patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or on the ISO list of patent declarations received. www.i
17、so.org/patents Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not constitute an endorsement. The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 71, Concrete, reinforced concrete and pre-stressed concrete, Subcommittee SC 5, Simplified design standa
18、rd for concrete structures. ISO 28842:2013(E) vi ISO 2013 All rights reservedIntroduction The aim of this International Standard is to provide rules for the design and construction of relatively short span concrete bridges. This International Standard is developed for countries that do not have exis
19、ting national standards on this subject and to offer to local regulatory authorities an alternative for the design of relatively small bridges that abound in urban overpasses and over creeks and rivers everywhere. This International Standard shall not be used in place of a national standard unless s
20、pecifically considered and accepted by the national standards body or other appropriate regulatory organization. The design rules are based in simplified worldwide-accepted strength models. This International Standard is self-contained; therefore, loads, simplified analysis procedures and design spe
21、cifications are included, as well as minimum acceptable construction practice guidelines. The minimum dimensional guidelines contained in this International Standard are intended to account for undesirable side effects that will require more sophisticated analysis and design procedures. Material and
22、 construction guidelines are aimed at site-mixed concrete as well as ready-mixed concrete, and steel of the minimum available strength grades. The earthquake resistance guidelines are included to account for the numerous regions of the world which lie in earthquake prone areas. The earthquake resist
23、ance for zones with high seismic hazard is based upon the employment of structural concrete walls (shear walls) that limit the lateral deformations of the structure and provide for its lateral strength, in place of piers or frames that can be used in zones with intermediate, low or no significant ea
24、rthquake hazard. This International Standard contains guidelines that can be modified by the national standards body due to local design and construction requirements and practices. These guidelines that can be modified are included using “boxed values“. The authorities in each member country are ex
25、pected to review the “boxed values“ and may substitute alternative definitive values for these elements for use in the national application of the document. A great effort was made to include self-explanatory tables, graphics, and design aids to simplify the use of this International Standard and pr
26、ovide foolproof procedures. Notwithstanding, the economic implications of the conservatism inherent in approximate procedures as a substitute for sound and experienced engineering should be a matter of concern to the designer that employs the document, and to the owner that hires him. INTERNATIONAL
27、STANDARD ISO 28842:2013(E) ISO 2013 All rights reserved 1Guidelines for the simplified design of reinforced concrete bridges 1 Scope This International Standard can be used as an alternative to the development of a National Concrete Bridge Design and Construction Code, or equivalent document in coun
28、tries where no national design codes are available by themselves, or as an alternative to the National Concrete Bridge Design and Construction Code in countries where specifically considered and accepted by the national standards body or other appropriate regulatory organization, and applies to the
29、planning, design and construction of structural concrete bridges to be used in new bridges of restricted span length, height of piers, and type. The purpose of these guidelines is to provide sufficient information to perform the design of the structural concrete bridge that complies with the limitat
30、ions established in 6.1. The rules of design as set forth in this International Standard are simplifications of more elaborate requirements. Although the guidelines contained in this International Standard were drawn to produce, when properly employed, a structural concrete structure with an appropr
31、iate margin of safety, these guidelines are not a replacement for sound and experienced engineering. In order for the resulting structure designed employing these guidelines to attain the intended margin of safety, this International Standard must be used as a whole and alternative procedures should
32、 be employed only when explicitly permitted by the guidelines. The minimum dimensioning guides as prescribed in this International Standard replace, in most cases, more elaborate procedures such as those prescribed in the National Code, and the possible economic impact is compensated for by the simp
33、licity of the procedures prescribed here. The professional performing the structural design under these guidelines should meet the legal requirements for structural designers in the country of adoption and have training and a minimum appropriate knowledge of structural mechanics, statics, strength o
34、f materials, structural analysis, and reinforced concrete design and construction. Designs and details for new bridges should address structural integrity by considering the following: - the use of continuity and redundancy to provide one or more alternate paths; - structural members and bearing sea
35、t widths that are resistant to damage or instability; - external protection systems to minimize the effects of reasonably conceived severe loads. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application
36、. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO 679, Cement Test methods Determination of strength ISO 863, Cement Test methods Pozzolanicity test for pozzolanic cements ISO 3010, Ba
37、sis for design of structures Seismic actions on structures ISO 28842:2013(E) 2 ISO 2013 All rights reservedISO 4354, Wind actions on structures ISO 6274, Concrete Sieve analysis of aggregates ISO 6782, Aggregates for concrete Determination of bulk density ISO 6783, Coarse aggregates for concrete Det
38、ermination of particle density and water absorption Hydrostatic balance method ISO 6934-1, Steel for the prestressing of concrete Part 1: General requirements ISO 6934-3, Steel for the prestressing of concrete Part 3: Quenched and tempered wire ISO 6934-4, Steel for the prestressing of concrete Part
39、 4: Strand ISO 6934-5, Steel for the prestressing of concrete Part 5: Hot-rolled steel bars with or without subsequent processing ISO 6935-1, Steel for the reinforcement of concrete Part 1: Plain bars ISO 6935-2, Steel for the reinforcement of concrete Part 2: Ribbed bars ISO 6935-3, Steel for the r
40、einforcement of concrete Part 3: Welded fabric ISO 7033, Fine and coarse aggregates for concrete Determination of the particle mass-per-volume and water absorption Pycnometer method ISO 9194, Bases for design of structures Actions due to the self-weight of structures, non-structural elements and sto
41、red materials Density ISO 9597, Cement Test methods Determination of setting time and soundness ISO 10144, Certification scheme for steel bars and wires for the reinforcement of concrete structures ISO 3766:2003, Construction drawings Simplified representation of concrete reinforcement 3 Terms and d
42、efinitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 abutment end support of a bridge superstructure NOTE Abutments are used to transmit the reaction of superstructure to the foundations, to retain the earth filling and to connect the superstructure to the app
43、roach roads. 3.2 acceleration of gravity, g acceleration produced by gravity at the surface of the earth NOTE For the application of these guidelines its value can be approximated to g 10 m/s 2 . 3.3 admixture material other than water, aggregate, or hydraulic cement, used as an ingredient of concre
44、te and added to concrete before or during its mixing to modify its properties ISO 28842:2013(E) ISO 2013 All rights reserved 33.4 aggregate granular material, such as sand, gravel, crushed stone, and iron blast-furnace slag, used in conjunction with a cementing medium to form a hydraulic cement conc
45、rete or mortar 3.5 anchorage device used to anchor a non-structural element to the structural framing 3.6 backfill material used for refilling any hole that has been excavated 3.7 bar diameter, nominal approximate diameter of a steel reinforcing bar, often used as a class designation NOTE For deform
46、ed bars, it is common practice to use the diameter of a plain bar having the same area. 3.8 beam horizontal, or nearly horizontal, structural member supported at one (such as a cantilever) or more points, but not throughout its length, transversely supporting a load, and subjected primarily to flexu
47、re 3.9 bearing capacity of the soil maximum permissible stress on the foundation soil that provides adequate safety against bearing failure of the soil, or settlement of the foundation of such magnitude as to impair the structure NOTE Its value is defined at the working stress level. 3.10 bearing el
48、astomeric device constructed partially or wholly from elastomer to transmit loads and accommodate movements between a bridge and its supporting structure 3.11 bending moment product of a force and the distance to a particular axis, producing bending effects in a structural element 3.12 boundary elem
49、ents portions along wall edges strengthened by longitudinal and transverse reinforcement NOTE Boundary elements do not necessarily require an increase in thickness of the wall. 3.13 bridge structure carrying a road, path or railway over an obstacle 3.14 caisson foundation pile of large diameter, built partly or totally above ground and sunk below ground usually by digging out the soil inside 3.15 cantilever element that extends beyond its support and is supported on one end only ISO 28842:2013(E) 4
